incidental structures; and of the construction, maintenance, and operation of railroads under military control, including the construction and operation of armored trains. The Corps of Engineers is also charged with the improvement of rivers and harbors; with matters arising under the laws for the protection and preservation of navigable waters, including the establishment of harbor lines, anchorage grounds, and rules and regulations therefor; the establishment of regulations for the use, administration, and navigation of the navigable waters of the United States, and for the navigation of streams on which the floating of loose timber and sack rafts is the principal method of navigation; also with the issuance of permits for the construction, alteration, maintenance, and operation of bridges, the granting of permits for structures or work in navigable waters; with the removal of wrecks and other obstructions to navigation; with questions pertaining to the supervision of the harbor of New York and adjacent waters to prevent obstructive and injurious deposits; with surveying and charting the Great Lakes, the natural navigable waters of the New York State canals, Lake Champlain, the Lake of the Woods, and other boundary and connecting waters between said lake and Lake Superior; with the preservation of Niagara Falls; with public buildings and grounds in the District of Columbia; with the water supply of Washington, D. C.; with the construction of monuments and memorials; with the construction of roads and bridges in the Crater Lake National Park; and with general supervision of the work of the Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska. The Chief Signal Officer is charged with the direction of the Signal Corps of the Army and the control of the officers, enlisted men, and employees attached thereto; with the supervision of all military signal duties, and of books, papers, and devices connected therewith, including telegraph, telephone, and radio apparatus and the necessary meteorological instruments for use on target ranges and other military uses; construction, purchase, equipment, operation, and repair of military telegraph, telephone, radio, cable, and signaling systems; photographic and cinematographic work for the Army; preparation and revision of the War Department telegraph code; and the duty of collecting and transmitting information for the Army by telegraph or otherwise, and all other duties usually pertaining to military signaling.

The Chief of Ordnance is in charge of the Ordnance Department, whose duties are to design, procure, distribute, and maintain the armament of the field service, including artillery, artillery ammunition, small arms, bombs, and all munitions of war which may be required for the fortifications of the Army, the armies of the field, and for the whole body of the militia of the Union. The Ordnance Department performs all the technical engineering work necessary to investigate and construct experimental matériel for the adoption by the Army; prepares the necessary regulations for proof, inspection, storing, and for maintaining this matériel, as well as the detailed information necessary for the manufacture of munitions, for inspection of them, and for maintaining reserves prescribed by higher authority.

The Militia Bureau is vested with all administrative duties involving the organization, armament, instruction, equipment, discipline, training, and inspection of the National Guard; the conduct of camps of instruction of the National Guard, and the administrative duties connected with the preparation of the National Guard for participation in field exercises and maneuvers of the Regular Army; the mobilization of the National Guard in time of peace; and all matters pertaining to the National Guard not in Federal service, National Guard Reserve, and the unorganized militia of the United States not herein generically enumerated which do not under existing laws, regulations, orders, or practice come within the jurisdiction of the General Staff or any division or bureau of the War Department, and which will not operate to divest any bureau or division of the War Department of duties now properly belonging to it. The Director of Air Service is charged, under the direction of the Secretary of War, with the duty of procuring, by manufacture or purchase, maintaining, and operating all aircraft, aircraft engines, and aircraft equipment for the Army, including balloons and airplanes, all appliances and facilities necessary to the operation and maintenance of said aircraft, installing, maintaining, and operating all radio apparatus used by Air Service units, stations, and fields, and signaling apparatus of any kind when installed on said aircraft; of establishing, maintaining, and operating all flying fields, aviation stations, repair and supply depots, etc.; of training and operating organizations, officers, enlisted men of the Air Service, and candidates for aviation service in matters pertaining to military aviation; with the supervision, control, and direction over the Bureau of Aircraft Production and the Division of Military Aeronautics-the Bureau of Aircraft Production and the Division of Military Aeronautics functioning only on matters in connection with the cancellation of contracts and with the approval or authority for funds.

To the Bureau of Insular Affairs, under the immediate direction of the Secretary of War, is assigned all matters pertaining to civil government in the island possessions of the United States subject to the jurisdiction of the War Department, the Philippine

Islands and Porto Rico being the only ones so subject at the present time. The bureau is also the repository of the civil records of the government of occupation of Cuba (Jan. 1, 1899, to May 20, 1902), and had assigned to it matters pertaining to the provisional government of Cuba (Sept. 29, 1906, to Jan. 28, 1909). It attends to the purchase and shipment of supplies for the Philippine Islands and Porto Rico; has charge of appointments of persons in the United States to the civil service of the Philippines and Porto Rico and arranges their transportation. It gathers statistics of insular imports and exports, shipping and immigration, and issues semiannual summaries of the same. Under the convention of February 8, 1907, and the general regulations of the President of the United States issued thereunder, the bureau has immediate supervision and control of the Dominican receivership for the collection of customs revenues and payment of the interest and principal of the adjusted bonded indebtedness of the Dominican Republic, and in some respects acts as the agent in the United States of the receivership. Briefly, the bureau looks after the interests of the Philippine Islands and Porto Rico in the United States, and is their representative before the executive departments and the public here. It makes studies of all sorts of questions relating to financial matters, tariffs, navigation, land laws, etc.; also to commercial and industrial possibilities, etc., as applied to those islands, and makes such recommendations as may be necessary.

BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS.

The Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors is a permanent body created by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. To it are referred for consideration and recommendation all reports upon examinations and surveys provided for by Congress, and all projects or changes in projects for works of river and harbor improvement upon which report is desired by the Chief of Engineers, United States Army. It is further the duty of the board, upon request by the Committee on Commerce of the Senate, or by the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives in the same manner, to examine and report through the Chief of Engineers upon any examinations, surveys, or projects for the improvement of rivers and harbors. In its investigations the board gives consideration to all engineering, commercial, navigation, and economic questions involved in determining the advisability of undertaking such improvements at the expense of the United States.

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE.

The Chief of Chemical Warfare Service is charged with the duty of operating and maintaining or supervising the operation and maintenance of all plants engaged in the investigation, manufacture, or production of toxic gases, gas-defense appliances, the filling of gas shells, and proving grounds utilized in connection therewith and the necessary research connected with gas warfare; and with the duty of organizing and training gas troops and of the gas-defense training of other troops.

WAR CREDITS BOARD.

The board was appointed by the Secretary of War to administer the granting of advances of money to War Department contractors under authority of section 5, public act No. 64, Sixty-fifth Congress, which reads as follows:

"SEC. 5. That the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy are authorized, during the period of the existing emergency, from appropriations available therefor, to advance payments to contractors for supplies for their respective departments in amounts not exceeding thirty per centum of the contract price of such supplies: Provided, That such advances shall be made upon such terms as the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy, respectively, shall prescribe, and they shall require adequate security for the protection of the Government for the payments so made."

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

ATTORNEY GENERAL.

The Attorney General is the head of the Department of Justice and the chief law officer of the Government. He represents the United States in matters involving legal questions; he gives his advice and opinion, when they are required by the President or by the heads of the other executive departments, on questions of law arising in the administration of their respective departments; he appears in the Supreme Court of the United States in cases of especial gravity and importance; hẹ exercises a general superintendence and direction over United States attorneys and marshals in all judicial districts in the States and Territories; and he provides special counsel for the United States whenever required by any department of the Government.

SOLICITOR GENERAL.

The Solicitor General assists the Attorney General in the performance of his general duties, and, by special provision of law, in case of a vacancy in the office of the Attorney General, or of his absence or disability, exercises all those duties. Under the direction of the Attorney General, he has general charge of the business of the Government in the Supreme Court of the United States, and is assisted in the conduct and argumert of cases therein by the Assistant Attorneys General. He also, with the approval of the Attorney General, prepares opinions rendered to the President and the heads of the executive departments, and confers with and directs the law officers of the Government throughout the country in the performance of their duties. When the Attorney General so directs, any case in which the United States is interested, in any court of the United States, may be conducted and argued by the Solicitor General; and he may be sent by the Attorney General to attend to the interests of the United States in any State court, or elsewhere.

THE ASSISTANT TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL.

The Assistant to the Attorney General has special charge of all suits and other matters arising under the Federal antitrust and interstate-commerce laws, and performs such other duties as may be required of him by the Attorney General.

ASSISTANT ATTORNEYS GENERAL.

The several Assistant Attorneys General assist the Attorney General in the performance of his duties; in the argument of cases in the Supreme Court; and in the preparation of legal opinions.

In addition to these general duties, particular subjects are assigned to them, and, under the direction of the Attorney General, they transact the business arising under these subjects with United States attorneys, other departments, and private parties in interest.

The Assistant Attorney General in charge of the interests of the Government in all matters of reappraisement and classification of imported goods in litigation before the several boards of United States General Appraisers and the Court of Customs Appeals is located at 641 Washington Street, New York.

The Assistant Attorneys General and the solicitors for several of the executive departments, under the provisions of sections 349-350, Revised Statutes, exercise their functions under the supervision and control of the Attorney General. They are the Solicitor for the Department of the Interior, the Solicitor for the Department of State, the Solicitor of the Treasury, the Solicitor of Internal Revenue, the Solicitor of the Department of Commerce, and the Solicitor of the Department of Labor.

THE PUBLIC LANDS DIVISION.

This division was created by the Attorney General November 16, 1909. To it are assigned all suits and proceedings concerning the enforcement of the public-land law, including suits or proceedings to set aside conveyances of allotted lands.

SOLICITOR FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

The solicitor is the chief law officer of that department. He advises the Secretary and Assistant Secretaries upon questions of municipal and international law referred to him, passes upon claims of citizens of the United States against foreign Governments, claims of subjects or citizens of foreign Governments against the United States, and upon applications for the extradition of criminals. The assistant solicitor acts as solicitor in the absence of the latter, and in the division of the work of the office has general charge of extradition and citizenship matters.

SOLICITOR OF THE TREASURY.

The Solicitor of the Treasury is the chief law officer of that department. His duties are to advise the Secretary of the Treasury and other officers of that department upon matters of law arising therein; to approve the bonds of United States Treasurers, collectors of internal revenue, and to examine all contracts of, and official bonds filed in, the Treasury Department. He also examines titles to life-saving station sites, and renders such legal services in connection with matters arising in the administrative work of the Treasury Department as may be required of him by the Attorney General.

SOLICITOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE.

A Solicitor of Internal Revenue was added to the Internal-Revenue Office corps by the act of July 13, 1866 (14 Stat., 170), but by the act of June 22, 1870 (16 Stat., 162), organizing the Department of Justice, the solicitor was formally transferred to that

department. He is the law officer and legal adviser of the commissioner. The only duties of his of which mention is made by law are in connection with internal-revenue compromise cases, section 3229, Revised Statutes.

SOLICITOR FOR THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

This solicitor is the chief law officer of that department; when requested he advises the Secretary and Assistant Secretaries upon questions of law arising in the administration of the department; all appeals from the various bureaus are sent to his office for consideration; oral arguments are heard by him in the more important cases, and decisions are prepared under his supervision for the signature of the Secretary and his Assistant; the solicitor is aided in this and his other work by the board of appeals and 25 assistant attorneys.

SOLICITOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.

The solicitor is the chief law officer of that department. His duties are to act as legal adviser for the Secretary of Commerce and the chiefs of the various bureaus of said department; to prepare and examine all contracts and bonds entered into or required by the said department; and to render such legal services in connection with matters arising in the administrative work of the Department of Commerce as may be desired by the head of the department or required of him by the Attorney General.

SOLICITOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.

The solicitor is the chief law officer of that department. His duties are to act as legal adviser for the Secretary of Labor and the chiefs of the various bureaus of said department; to prepare and examine all contracts and bonds entered into or required by said department; and to render such legal services in connection with matters arising in the administrative work of the Department of Labor as may be desired by the head of the department or required of him by the Attorney General.

CHIEF CLERK.

The chief clerk, as general administrative officer of the operating forces of the department, has, under the direction of the Attorney General, general supervision of the Division of Accounts, the office of the disbursing clerk, the office of the appointment clerk, and matters concerning the assignment of Federal judges. He also has general supervision of the appropriations; the assembling and supervision of the preparation of the annual report and the estimates; the purchase and distribution of supplies for the department and the United States courts; superintendence of the building occupied by the department in Washington and the assignment of the department's space in public buildings in the field; general supervision of the clerks and employees and the business operations of the department; direction of the force of messengers, watchmen, laborers, and charwomen; handling of the miscellaneous mail of the department; charge of the automobiles employed; assembling and distribution of opinions and publications; and passes upon requisitions upon the Public Printer for printing and binding and upon applications for leave of absence. Appointments and authorizations of every character are handled by the Attorney General's office through the chief clerk.

DISBURSING CLERK.

The disbursing clerk disburses from about 40 appropriations, under the direction of the Attorney General, including the salaries of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States and the judges of the other United States courts located in the District of Columbia; the salaries of the officials of the department proper, as well as the salaries and expenses of certain employees stationed in the field; the contingent expenses of the department; supplies for United States courts; and other special and miscellaneous appropriations. He is also authorized and directed by law to withhold and account for the income tax.

APPOINTMENT CLERK.

The appointment clerk has charge of all matters relating to applications, recommendations, and appointments, including certifications by the Civil Service Commission; conducts correspondence pertaining thereto; prepares nominations sent to the Senate; prepares commissions and appointments for the officers and employees of the department in Washington, and for Ünited States judges, attorneys, and marshals and other officers under the department. He also compiles the Register of the Department of Justice and matter relating to that department for the Official Register of the United States.

CHIEF OF THE DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS.

The Chief of the Division of Accounts has charge of the examination or audit of all accounts payable from appropriations for expenses of the Department of Justice and the courts of the United States; accounts of United States marshals, attorneys, clerks, and commissioners are examined, recorded, and transmitted to the auditor; while other accounts are recorded, audited, and transmitted to the disbursing clerk for payment under recent legislation.

Preparation of authorizations of court expenses, including items for office expenses and clerical assistants for clerks of United States courts; the approval of leases of court accommodations; and the advancement of funds to United States marshals. Statistical information showing the business transacted in the courts of the United States, bankruptcy statistics, and the various reports required by law pertaining to expenditures under appropriations for the courts are also compiled in this division for use in the annual report.

General supervision of the examination of the offices and records of Federal court officials and general direction of the work of the examiners.

The chief of this division, jointly with the chief clerk of the department, as a committee, have charge of the assignment of space in Federal buildings for officers of the Department of Justice and the Federal courts.

LIBRARIAN.

The librarian has general charge and supervision of the library. He is a member of the committee for the selection of books to be purchased for the library, directs the cataloguing, and cooperates generally in the service of the library.

PRIVATE SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL.

The private secretary and assistant to the Attorney General, in addition to the usual duties devolving upon such an official, has charge of the approval and recommendation to the Attorney General of all classes of authorization requiring the Attorney General's approval; of consideration and investigation of the qualifications of all applicants for appointment as United States judge, United States district attorney, or United States marshal, including reviewing and collating indorsements and holding personal interviews with applicants, Members of Congress, and others favoring or opposing their appointment. He is also charged with the duty of receiving complaints; initiating investigations and preparing recommendations on same for the Attorney General where charges were made of misconduct or unfitness for office of United States attorney, United States marshal, and other employees of the department; and is in charge of publicity for the department. He also reviews, supervises, and makes recommendations to the Attorney General in all matters relating to questions of general policy in the work of the office.

DIRECTOR AND CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION.

The Director and Chief of the Bureau of Investigation has general supervision of the investigation of offenses against the laws of the United States not otherwise specifically provided for by law, and directs the work of all special agents and accountants of the department whose compensation or expenses are paid from the appropriation "Detection and prosecution of crimes."

SUPERINTENDENT OF PRISONS.

The superintendent of prisons has charge, under the direction of the AttorneyGeneral, of all matters relating to United States prisons and prisoners, including the support of such prisoners in both State and Federal penitentiaries, in reform schools and in county jails. He has supervision over the construction work in progress at United States penal institutions.

The superintendent of prisons is president of the boards of parole for the United States penitentiaries and president of the boards of parole for United States prisoners in each State or county institution used for the confinement of United States prisoners

ATTORNEY IN CHARGE OF PARDONS.

The attorney in charge of pardons takes charge of all applications for Executive clemency, except those in Army and Navy cases, these being referred to the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy, respectively; of the briefing of the cases and the correspondence in relation to them.