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first series of motions. This constitutes the first part of my invention. ...As the carriage approaches the end of the out motion, the driving belt is shifted from the first driving pulley to a loose pulley by the side of it, to permit the momentum of the moving parts to complete the movements : and so soon as these are accomplished, a balance weight is carried beyond the vertical line, and falls over, which shifts the belt from the loose pulley to a second fast pulley on the same shaft with the others; at the same time, the trains of wheels that operate the carriage and the draw-rollers are liberated by the shifting of a clutch, and at the same time a friction clutch is brought into action, thereby connecting the band that drives the spindles with a sliding rack, (called the “top sliding rack,”) which, in consequence of this connexion, is carried by the momentum of the spindles sufficiently far in one direction to give by its return the required "motion to the spindles in the reverse direction, to uncoil the threads from the upper part of the spindles. Whilst the rack is thus moved, the second sast pulley sets in motion, by a train of wheels, a crank pin that works in a slot in a connecting rod, and this crank pin, when set in motion, is a little below a line passing through the connecting rod and the axis of motion, so that the crank pin moves a short distance before it begins to move the connecting rod; this period of time is sufficient to permit the momentum of the spindles (as above stated) to draw the sliding rack to the distance required, to be in a condition, by its return movement, to give the ‘backing-off’ motion to the spindles. The crank pin, then, in making a semi-revolution, carries the connecting rod with it; and this being in connexion with the lever of a rock shaft, provided with a toothed pulley, around which passes a chain attached to the end of the sliding rack, draws it (the rack) for a short distance in a reverse direction, and thus causes it to give the backing off motion to the spindles, to uncoil the threads, at the same time depressing the front faller to bring the threads in a proper position for winding on ; this latter being effected by having one end of the shaper or coping rail jointed to a lever on the rock shaft above mentioned. The chain attached to the rack, and which communicates motion to it, is kept tight by being passed over a pulley and having a weight suspended to it. When the top sliding rack is carried forward by the momentum of the spindles, at the end of the first series of motions it is gradually arrested, and with it the spindles, by means of a spring brake of a peculiar construction, viz: On the rock shaft there is a bent lever, to one end of which is connected a o spring, also attached to an arm jointed to the other end of the bent lever; and by the side of and attached to the toothed wheel, around which passes the chain on the end of the sliding rack, and which turns freely on the rock shaft, there is a ratchet wheel, and by the side of it a cam-plate provided with a hand or , catch, by means of which the ratchet and toothed wheels are carried around, when the cam-plate is carried around, by the action of the sprin brake on the cam-form of its periphery. And when this has been j far enough round, the catch is liberated, to permit the return of the parts, by means of an arm or lever jointed to one end of the bent lever, which is made to lift the catch srom the teeth of the ratchet wheel. As the cops increase in diameter, it is evident that the backing-off motion must be diminished, and this is effected by making the connecting rod above mentioned in two parts, the first connected by one end (as above stated) with the crank pin which actuates it, and which works in a slot to give

amotion to the rod in one direction only, (the crank being then at liberty to turn, without imparting any motion, longitudinally to the rod,) and the other end being jointed to a curved arm, that vibrates on a steel pin, and the other part of the connecting rod is jointed to the arm of the rock shaft, and to a slide that works in a curved groove in the vibrating arm, so that as this slide is moved from or towards the axis of motion of the arm, the rock shaft will be vibrated more or less; and this slide is moved in or out by being in connexion with the mechanism that operates the motions of the coping rail, and which, therefore, will be described under the third series. At the end of the backing-off motion, the vibrating arm of the connecting rod is hooked and held by a catch until the carriage is run up, and then liberated to permit the parts to resume their appropriate positions preparatory to a repetition of the operations. “At the end of the second series of motions the third series of inotions commences, and these constitute the second part of my invention. The carriage is run in by a crank motion, which has the effect to gradually start it from a state of rest and accelerate its motion to the middle of its course, and then gradually diminish its motion until it is brought to a state of rest; thus avoiding all tendency to break the threads consequent upon all sudden motions. This is effected in the following manner, viz: When the shipping-lever is operated at the end of the first series of motions, a clutch on a shaft carried by a second fast pully is shifted; and as this clutch has but one tooth, the shaft is thereby permitted to make part of a revolution, during which the second series of operations takes place before it (the clutch) begins to act, and then it communicates motion to a large cogwheel provided with a crank pin, that actuates a connecting rod jointed to a rack, (below the top sliding rack above described,) the teeth of which take into the teeth of a pinion on the shaft of one of the train of wheels that communicates motion to the carriage, thereby imparting the desired movement. The winding on of the yarn during the running in of the carriage is effected by the top sliding rack, which for this purpose is carried by the rack just described, by means of such connexions as admit of modifying the motions of the top sliding rack, which drives the spindles in winding on. Motion is communicated from the bottom to the top rack in the following manner: On the end of the lower rack, and by the side of it, there is a stud-pin on which turns a scroll cam, and to that part of its periphery which is nearest the axis is attached one end of a chain, which passes from thence around a roller that turns on a stud-pin at the side of the lower rack, and is then carried back and attached by a short arm to the top sliding rack, so that when the lower rack slides, the top rack will move with it, provided the scroll cam remains immovable on its axis; but the motion of the top rack, during each operation, must have a motion accelerated relatively to that of the lower ..rack, to increase the rotation of the spindles as the threads are wound round on a gradually diminishing diameter of the conical form of the cops. This is effected by causing the scroll cam to turn on its axis during the motion of the rack, by having a wheel attached to and turning with it, to the periphery of which is attached one end of a chain that passes round it, and is attached by the other end to another part of the machine, so that if this part of the attachment remains fixed, a regular accelerated motion will be given to the top rack relatively to the motion of the lower rack, and necessarily the spindles will have their rotation accelerated relatively to the motion of the carriage. These relative motions of the two racks, as described, are such as are required after the base of the cops has been formed, for then the threads are wound regularly on a cone; but in forming the base of the cops the first winding is on the naked: spindles, at which time the motion of the spindles should correspond with that of the carriage; and from the commencement until the base is formed, the accelerated motion should be gradually brought into play to give the conical form to the cops. This is effected by having the chain that winds on the wheel that turns with the scroll cam attached to a slide that works on a screw in a vibrating arm, the outer end of which is jointed to another arm of equal length that turns on the end of the stud on which the scroll 'cam and wheel turn, so that when the slide is at the lower end of the arm—the two arms being of equal length—the motion of the wheel with the rack will not cause it to wind up the chain, but, as the slide is drawn up towards the axis of vibration of the arm, one end of the chain will necessarily move through a less space than the other, and thus cause the wheel with the scroll cam attached thereto to turn on its axis, and thus to vary the motion of the top rack, and thereby adapt the motion of the spindles to the varying diameter of the base of the cops. The screw in the vibrating arm that carries this slide is in connexion, by means of appropriate cog-wheels, with a horizontal ratchet-wheel, which is free to move when the arm vibrates in one direction, but held by the hand or catch when the arm vibrates in the reverse direction, for the purpose of turning the screw to move the slide; and this hand or catch is governed by an apparatus called a butterfly, which is acted upon by an arm from the counter faller when the tension of the threads is too great, and thus throws the hand into the teeth of the wheel, that the vibration of the arm shall operate the slide, the hand or catch being disengaged at each running out of the carriage. The last of the third series of motions is the operation of the coping rail for operating the faller, which, being essentially similar to others, needs no special notice here. ... ." “At the end of the running-in motion of the carriage, a pin, on an arm projecting from the shaft of the crank that operates the under rack, liberates the catch that holds the connecting rod, by which the backing off motion is effected ; and so soon as it is liberated, the weight of the machinery attached draws it back; and to prevent any sudden jar by this operation, the crank pin which operates the connecting rod in one direction is ‘so governed in its revolutions as to be nearly a semi-revolution from its point of departure at the commencement of the backing-off operation, so that the force required for carrying it back to this position is sufficient to •ease off the motion of the returning parts. This crank pin is held in the position just indicated by a brake within the second fast pulley, and this brake is connected, by a joint link and lever, with the arm of the connecting rod of the backing-off apparatus, which, when drawn back, forces the brake in contact with the pulley, and arrests the train of wheels and this crank pin in their appropriate place. - “When finishing the cops, it is important to wind the threads on tight at the point, particularly as the upper ends of the spindles are tapering. This is effected by forming the connexion between the chain and the end of the top sliding rack by means of a vibrating frame, from which projects another arm that has a chain jointed to it extending to and winding on an arbor, which arbor has a ratchet-wheel on it, which is carried a part of a

revolution at each operation of the mule by a hand on the arm of the connecting rod of the backing-off motion; and this auxiliary chain is of sudh length that it continues to be wound upon the arbor without affecting the operations of any part of the machinery until the cops are nearly completed, and then it becomes so short as to be brought in contact with a permanent arm towards the end of the winding-on operation; and when thus brought in contact with this arm, it suddenly shortens the chain that forms the connexion between the two racks, and necessarily increases the rotation of the spindles, which, as a necessary consequence, draws the threads tighter on the spindles.” t It is gratifying to look upon this machine as the invention of one of our own citizens, and to compare it with any machine for a similar purpose of transatlantic origin. Cordage.—Three patents have been granted this year for improvements in this branch of manufacture. One of these patents is for an improvement in spinning hemp. In this machine neither the bobbin nor flyer has an end motion, but the thread is distributed on the bobbin by a travelling guide on one arm of the flyer. It will be perceived that, with this arrangement, when the guide is moving in the same direction with the thread, a part of the thread will be held between the point of the spindle and guide, and therefore it cannot be wound upon the bobbin so fast as when the guide is returning and giving off the thread as fast as it is spun, and also the slack which it held in its forward motion. To remove the inconvenience which would otherwise exist, a self-acting brake, whose action is intermittent, is applied to the bobbin to retard its motion when the guide moves forward, and to allow freedom of motion as it returns. A machine for rope-making, which evinces considerable ingenuity, has also been patented. The machine is complicated, and the novelty consists in a combination of details, which would not be understood without "drawings and a minute description. * ...; - Letters patent have also been granted for an improved wire rope. The article is very flexible and beautiful, and of great strength. . The following claim, extracted from the patent, is sufficient for an understanding.of its peculiarities: “First, forming each strand by winding wires spirally around a flexible core without twisting the wires, and forming the rope by winding of such strands in the same manner around a similar core, the core of the strand being about equal in size to the wires; so that every wire in the spiral of each strand shall be laid equidistant from the centre of such strand, and “every strand equidistant from the centre of the rope. “Secondly, a method of inserting a fresh wire or wires, or a fresh strand or strands, into the rope made as above, when six wires are used in making the strand, or six strands used in making the rope.” - Weaving.—Fifteen patents have been granted this year for improvements in looms, many of which possess much novelty and importance, and two for novel fabrics. One of these fabrics is a peculiar kind of netting, which would not be understood without a drawing, and the other is a material for skirts, having slivers of untwisted sisal hemp woven in at intervals with the filling; its object is obvious. Two patents have been granted for netting looms, upon which fish nets. and other similar fabrics are woven. In the net woven by these looms, the weaver's or fisherman's knot is tied to join the meshes. One of these machinesis operated principally by hand, but the other operates by power. "The lastimentioned machine is believed to be the first operated by power texclusively, which produced netting by tying the weaver's knot. It possesses much important novelty, and the ingenuity manifest in its construcstion is highly honorable to the inventor; but it is impossible to convey an adequate idea of it by any description I could here present. An old and well known patent for a loom for weaving coach lace, Brusisels carpeting, &c., has been reissued. It has long been in successful operation, and is well known to weavers. Letters patent have been granted for an improvement in rivetting pickers. The improvement is a simple one, but seems to possess an importance which entitles it to notice. The following extract will be sufficient on this subject: “The great strain to which the pickers of looms made of raw hide are subjected in driving the shuttle, renders it indispensable that the parts constituting the stem should be united by rivets passing through the stem at its junction with the bow, and in the curve formed by the bending of the hide at that point. When the common rivet is employed for this purH. it cannot be carried sufficiently into the curve of the bow, and by leaving too much space between it and the bow the picker soon yields to the strain of the blows and becomes worthless; and besides this, that part of the head towards the bow cuts into the hide at the curve, which breaks off small particles of hide, that are by the violence of the blow scattered in all directions, and by the direction of the blow carried towards and woven in the web. These particles are so small as to escape the attention of the weaver, and, in the weaving of cloths intended for printing, the j these between the printing rollers destroys their delicate surfaces, which can only be replaced at great cost. “To avoid these and other serious inconveniences, pickers have been united by substituting for the common rivet a piece of wire, both ends of ‘which are bent over in the manner of a clinch; but although this avoids the inconvenience of breaking off small pieces of raw hide, it does not give the requisite strength, for on examination it will be seen that when the picker strikes the shuttle the strain tends to open the stem; and as the upper end of the stem is secured by a rivet, the only force required to open the picker at the junction of the bow and stem is slightly to bend the clinch rivet, which readily and with little force assumes a curve, and in so doing breaks off small particles of iron, which are woven into the cloth and do more injury even than the small particles of raw hide. “The object of my improvement is to avoid this as well as the other objection, which I effect by making the rivet used at the junction of the bow and stem with heads on one side only, the shank on the side opposite the heads being straight, instead of forming a curve as in the clinch. By this form of rivet the heads take the form of the curve at the junction of the bow and stem, the headless side being towards the bow, which admits of putting in the rivet nearer thereto; and as the tendency to open the picker under the strain is in the direction of a curved line, which has for its centre the middle of the rivet at the end, the angle on the headless side constitutes a head to resist the opening of the picker; for if the shank of the rivet is imagined to be in the direction of a curved line, it will be seen that the angle constitutes a head to such a shank; hence, so long as the end of the stem be held together by a rivet, or by any equivalent

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