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PREFACE.

In preparing this edition of BOUVIER'S LAW DICTIONARY for publication, more than seven hundred new titles have been added to the work. Many of these have been treated at length; for instance, Commerce, Homestead, Judicature Acts, National Banks, Passenger, Police Power, Removal of Causes, Telegraph, Ticket, and War.

A large number of titles have, in view of their importance, been treated more fully than was done in the last edition, and, in many cases, have been substantially rewritten. Among these may be mentioned Courts of the United States, Due Process of Law, Election, Negligence, Partners, Partnership, Patent, Railroad, Sunday, Tax, and Trade-Mark. The Editor has endeavored, in all cases, to incorporate the development and growth of the law since 1867, the date of the last edition.

In the present edition, the Dictionary is enlarged by about two hundred and fifty pages. By adopting a much shorter system of abbreviations than the one formerly in use, much space has been saved, which has been utilized by the substitution of new matter. The citations in the former edition have been altered to conform to the system adopted. The list of abbreviations heretofore placed under the title Citations, is omitted; the full name of any authority cited can always be found either under the title Abbreviations or the title Reports, in both of which, a special effort has been made

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to secure completeness and accuracy. In the latter will also be found a list of all periodicals, known to the Editor, which contain reports of cases. The list of words and phrases formerly placed under the title Construction, but now placed under the title Words, has received large additions.

Numerous references have been made to valuable articles in the legal periodicals, and it is hoped that in this way much learning that is now difficult to find, can be brought within easy reach of the profession. To a certain extent this work will serve as an index to legal periodical literature.

The articles embodying the laws and constitutions of the various States have been corrected or rewritten so as to incorporate all important amendments and changes since the last edition, and articles on several States and Territories omitted in that edition have been added. Most of this work has been done by members of the bar in the various States; and the Editor avails himself of this opportunity to express his obligations to them. Among the number are Edward J. Phelps, of Vermont; Alexander R. Lawton, of Georgia; Simeon E. Baldwin, of Connecticut; Warren Olney, of California; Hon. Charles S. Bradley, of Rhode Island; Hon. M. P. Deady, of Oregon; and U. M. Rose, of Arkansas. He is much indebted to Dwight M. Lowrey, for his revision of the article on Partnership; to Charles H. Bannard, for his revision of the article on Partners, both of which titles were substantially rewritten; and to J. Douglass Brown, Jr., for his revision of Maxims, which title was enlarged, in part, by adding some maxims not in the last edition, but mainly by citations of additional cases in point. He is also under great obligations to Lawrence Lewis, Jr., and Sydney G. Fisher, for most valuable help, and especially is he indebted to Walter George Smith, and Alfred Lee, Jr., who have shared his labors throughout.

The Editor can hardly expect that in so extensive an under

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taking there have not been mistakes of omission and commission; yet he hopes that, both so far as his own original work is concerned and also so far as he has revised the work of his predecessors, his selections of principles and cases have been judicious, and that the reader will find in these volumes all the fundamental doctrines of the law set forth with sufficient elaboration of detail to make the book valuable both to the lay and to the professional mind.

FRANCIS RAWLE

PHILADELPHIA, December 23, 1882.

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