Philosophy of BiologyElsevier, 2007. 2. 5. - 638페이지 Philosophy of Biology is a rapidly expanding field. It is concerned with explanatory concepts in evolution, genetics, and ecology. This collection of 25 essays by leading researchers provides an overview of the state of the field. These essays are wholly new; none of them could have been written even ten years ago. They demonstrate how philosophical analysis has been able to contribute to sometimes contested areas of scientific theory making. -Written by internationally acknowledged leaders in the field- Entries make original contributions as well as summarizing state of the art discoveries in the field- Easy to read and understand |
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40 페이지
... Environmental effects, such as random changes in environment, comprised a third component of the total variance. In 1922, on the basis of the 1918 work, Fisher argued that the additive component of variance was important for evolution ...
... Environmental effects, such as random changes in environment, comprised a third component of the total variance. In 1922, on the basis of the 1918 work, Fisher argued that the additive component of variance was important for evolution ...
41 페이지
... environmental components (based on his distinctions from 1918 and 1922). The third is a measure of the rate of increase in fitness, i.e., the change in fitness due to natural selection. For Fisher, “the rate of increase of fitness of ...
... environmental components (based on his distinctions from 1918 and 1922). The third is a measure of the rate of increase in fitness, i.e., the change in fitness due to natural selection. For Fisher, “the rate of increase of fitness of ...
42 페이지
... environmental changes, epistatic gene interaction, dominance and so forth. The theorem isolates the changes in gene frequencies from the rest, a move suggested in Fisher's 1922 paper. The key change Price and Ewens make in the statement ...
... environmental changes, epistatic gene interaction, dominance and so forth. The theorem isolates the changes in gene frequencies from the rest, a move suggested in Fisher's 1922 paper. The key change Price and Ewens make in the statement ...
76 페이지
... environmental differences in each generation. Fisher first showed clearly that in large populations it diminished with extreme slowness apart from the effects of natural selection, and Hagedoorn that it would diminish at a measurable ...
... environmental differences in each generation. Fisher first showed clearly that in large populations it diminished with extreme slowness apart from the effects of natural selection, and Hagedoorn that it would diminish at a measurable ...
79 페이지
... environmental changes and for further evolution. I do not think that in any species we have enough knowledge to say whether it would be benefited by more or less 'cohesion' or gene flow from one area to another. We certainly have not ...
... environmental changes and for further evolution. I do not think that in any species we have enough knowledge to say whether it would be benefited by more or less 'cohesion' or gene flow from one area to another. We certainly have not ...
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adaptationism adaptive alleles altruism argued argument artificial behaviour biologists Cambridge causal cause cells Chicago chromosomes cladistic claim coding complex Darwin Darwinian Dawkins developmental systems drift Drosophila effects entities environment environmental evolution evolutionary biology evolutionary theory evolved example explanation factors Falk fitness formalisation frequencies function genes genetic analysis genotype Haldane Haldane’s heredity homology homoplasy human individual inheritance innateness J. B. S. Haldane Kimura kind Kitcher laws Lewontin lineages Linnaean hierarchy mathematical Matthen Maynard Smith Mayr mechanisms Mendel Mendelian molecular molecules moral Muller mutation natural selection norms notion organisms Origin Oxford Paul Thagard Pearson phenotypic Philosophy of Biology Philosophy of Science phylogenetic population genetics principle problem protein question R. A. Fisher race concept recombination replicators representation reproductive role scientific semantic sequence Sewall Wright Sober Sterelny structure synthesis taxa taxon theoretical tion traits University Press variation Wilson Wright
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485 페이지 - It is written in the language of mathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles, and other geometrical figures, without which it is humanly impossible to understand a single word of it; without these, one is wandering about in a dark labyrinth.
221 페이지 - I have already urged, the practice of that which is ethically best — what we call goodness or virtue — involves a course of conduct which, in all respects, is opposed to that which leads to success in the cosmic struggle for existence.
24 페이지 - The following proposition seems to me in a high degree probable — namely, that any animal whatever, endowed with well-marked social instincts, would inevitably acquire a moral sense or conscience as soon as its intellectual powers had become as well developed, or nearly as well developed as in man.
111 페이지 - If such do occur, can we doubt (remembering that many more individuals are born than can possibly survive) that individuals having any advantage, however slight, over others, would have the best chance of surviving and of procreating their kind...
27 페이지 - As all the living forms of life are the lineal descendants of those which lived long before the Cambrian epoch, we may feel certain that the ordinary succession by generation has never once been broken, and that no cataclysm has desolated the whole world.
24 페이지 - I FULLY subscribe to the judgment of those writers * who maintain that of all the differences between man and the lower animals, the moral sense or conscience is by far the most important...
18 페이지 - It is interesting to contemplate a tangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and i..
18 페이지 - Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object which we are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows. There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one...