The mayor procured several carts and a number of laborers and put them to work at once hauling rubbish and cleaning privies in the lower portion of the town. The amount of waste material collected at some places was astonishing. Illustrations 6 and 7 show the condition back of a restaurant on Bridge street. At this point seven two horse loads

of rubbish and garbage were found in an area not much more than 20 The first photograph was taken after three two-horse

feet square.

loads had been carted away.

All low spots, as around hitching posts, etc., where pools of water

WAS EXECUTED.

had been standing for months and where manure had collected for as long a time, were cleaned and leveled off with sand. Privies that probably had not been emptied for years were put in a fairly sanitary condition. Illustration No. 2 shows the method of liming the privies and then shoveling the contents into barrels which were hauled to a dumping ground some distance below the town. After the privies had

EXECUTED.

been thoroughly cleaned out, a final liming was given them and the ground in the vicinity. All pools of water were drained and damp places were limed.

The fecal matter and rubbish were hauled to a low place about half a mile below the town and there destroyed by burning. As some of the material would not burn, the pile of ashes was later limed and covered with gravel to prevent the creation of a nuisance.

There were a number of buildings, such as old barns, etc., in Glenville that were in such a state of disrepair that they were either abandoned or else used by the general public as a place to tie horses when in town. These buildings were so located that they were a menace to the purity of wells in the lower portion of the town. An examination showed that it would be impossible to put these buildings in a sanitary condition, So they were ordered torn down. These orders were obeyed in every case. Five barns, six sheds, one ice house and several privies were removed. Cuts 8 and 9 illustrate this work and give some idea of the character and size of the buildings removed. In almost every case the work of removing the buildings was done for the sake of the lumber, no money changing hands either way.

The result of the clean up was very satisfactory and Glenville presented quite a different appearance when the work was finished. As usual there were a number of complaints as to lack of necessity for such

strenuous measures, but on the whole the citizens realized the good accomplished and several times have appealed to the Division to continue

it.

GLENVILLE-GILMER COUNTY.

Ice Plant.

On October 6, 1915, I visited the ice plant at Glenville. This is a privately operated plant of ten tons capacity, located on the north bank of the Little Kanawha River, about a quarter of a mile above the town. Water for ice manufacturing purposes is obtained from a well on the bank of the river. The well is partly dug and partly bored. The total depth is said to be 110 feet. The dug portion of the well is 30 feet deep by three feet in diameter, lined with white tile, and is tightly covered with a cement cap. The day previous to my visit the river had risen 17 feet over the top of the well, yet had not entered. The well had previously been lined with red brick, but this was thought to be responsible for the red color noticed in the water, so the change was made. It was then realized that the well had a high iron and sulphur content and a second well was dug somewhat further away from the river. At the time of my visit this new well was being lined with 24 inch terra cotta tile pipe to protect it against all surface drainage. It is impossible to get a satisfactory water by drilling deeper, as a salt bearing stratum would soon be encountered.

I believe, however, that water from the dug wells should prove safe for ice manufacturing purposes, as the soil through which they pass is a well mixed gravel. This fact, combined with the care used in the plant, would indicate that the ice should be perfectly safe for consumption.

PETERSBURG-GRANT COUNTY.

Water Supply.

General. Petersburg, the county seat of Grant county, is situated in a broad, open valley, and depends largely upon agricultural interests for its existence. It is growing very rapidly, the population in 1910 being 500, while at the present time it is estimated that there are between 800 and 900 inhabitants. A large new school is just being completed and a new brick court house has been finished within the last year or two. A high school is to be started in the town for the first time this fall. Petersburg is the terminus of the old Hampshire Southern Railroad. This railroad has been taken over by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co,, who intend to repair and materially improve it.

A water supply was installed during the fall of 1914, and was put in operation in January of this year (1915). At the same time the water lines were being laid, a sewerage system was installed. Recently a privately owned electric light plant has been built so that the town now has many of the conveniences to be found only in places of much larger size.

Source of Water Supply. The water supply is, I believe, one of the most potentially dangerous that I have seen. It is derived from the tailrace of a mill located near the center of the town. The raceway to the mill is about 3,000 feet in length and leads from the South Branch of the Potomac above the town, while the tailrace empties into the South Branch of the Potomac below the town. There is a nine foot head available at the mill. The water supply was installed at the expense of the town, but is operated privately, it being found very much cheaper for the town to pay the mill owner to run the pump by water than it would be for the town to attempt to operate it by gasoline or steam or buy up water rights so as to operate it by water power themselves. The mill owner also owns and maintains the electric light plant.

Pumping Equipment. Pumping is done by a Smith-Vale triplex pump having a stroke of about seven inches and a piston about five inches in diameter. It is said to have a capacity of approximately fifty gallons a minute. This pump is operated by the same turbine which drives the mill and the dynamo for the electric light plant. The turbine is capable of developing about 50 H. P. on a nine foot head, which is the fall available at the mill. The suction line is five inches in diameter and the discharge four inches. The suction lift is about four feet. Water is pumped directly into the mains and the excess passes to the reservoir, which is a steel standpipe 22 feet in diameter and 60 feet high, holding approximately 148,000 gallons. The standpipe is located on the hill back of the town, and is at such elevation as to give them 50 to 80 pounds

HOUSES ON BANK OF RACEWAY SHOWING SUMMER KITCHEN AND PLATFORM FROM WHICH WASHING WAS DONE.

pressure throughout the town.

Distributing System. The distributing system consists of 33,000 feet of six inch class B cast iron pipe, 3,450 feet of four inch class B cast iron pipe, and 2,000 feet of two inch galvanized iron pipe. There are

four two inch check valves. The consumption is very low at the present time and can be met by running the pump two hours over ten days. Only about one-third of the people to whom the water supply is available have connected as yet.

Consumption. There are 50 water services at the present time, 38 which are metered. Meters are on hand for the other 12 connections but have not been installed as there is no plumber who can do this work nearer than Keyser, West Virginia. A minimum of $5.00 a year for each service is charged, 20,000 gallons being the amount allowed, and twentyfive cents for each thousand gallons over 20,000. The charge to the town for pumping the water is six cents a thousand gallons up to $200.00, and five cents a thousand gallons after that point is reached. There are twenty-two double, two and a half inch fire plugs in the town. Pollutions. The mill race from which the water supply of Petersburg is derived follows one of the main streets of the town for a distance of approximately 700 feet. This street lies fifteen or twenty feet from the water's edge and slopes towards it so that the surface wash is directly into the raceway. Across the raceway from the street there are six or seven houses located only a few feet from the water's edge. These houses derive their drinking water, wash water, etc., directly from the race. In one case the summer kitchen is located directly on the bank of the mill race and wash water is thrown back into the stream. At the time of my visit I saw one woman wash clothes in the raceway and later on saw another person washing dishes from a little platform built out over the water.. These houses are reached by narrow foot bridges. The privies at all these houses are located considerably below the level of the water in the raceway, so that there is not much danger of contamination from this source. I am told, however, that at a majority of the houses the bedroom slops, dish water, wash water, etc., are thrown directly into the raceway. There is also the danger that people crossing the bridges will scuff dirt from their feet through the boards into the water.

The houses on the other side of the road all drain towards the raceway, and at times of heavy rains there can be no doubt that a large amount of polluted material must find its way into the water from this source. There are probably between twenty and thirty points along the raceway at which serious menaces to the purity of the water exist, as it is not protected in any way and is liable to become contaminated from an inconceivable number of sources.

Recommendations. I am told that Petersburg has had very little typhoid fever until the present year, probably not over one case a year for the last five years. This year, however, they have had several cases and there were two at the time of my visit. It appears to me that these two cases might possibly be due to the use of the drinking water which is so extremely liable to pollution. I believe that the town of Petersburg should be required to install a plant for treating the water with chlorine gas or hypochlorite of lime.