en avez-vous appris? How many sentences have learned? How many have you learned?

Combien de visites avez-vous faites?

you

Combien en

avez-vous fait ? How many visits have you paid? How many have you paid?

TURN INTO FRENCH.

How many shots did you fire? I fired six. How many visits have you received? I received several. How many ladies have you seen? How many have I seen? How many enemies has not this prince conquered? How many has he conquered? How many letters have you received? How many glasses of wine have you drunk? How many of them did you buy? How much did he offer for3 your table? How much did he offer for it?

How many books have you read? How many have you read? How many games have you played? We have

played several.

1. Tirer.-2. Vaincre.-3. De.-4. Parties.-5. Faire.

LXIV. Conjugated with Avoir, the Past Participle of Intransitive Verbs is invariable.

Combien a-t-il péri de personnes? How many lives were lost?

La justice et la modération de nos ennemis nous ont plus nui que leur valeur. The justice and moderation of our enemies have hurt us more than their valour.

REMARK.-Sometimes Intransitive Verbs are used Transitively, in which case they follow the rule of Transitive Verbs, i.e., agree with the Objective if it precedes them.

Je ne regretterai pas la peine que m'ont* coûtée mes

*The Past Participle of coûter is variable, when it signifies to cause, to give, to occasion.

expériences. I shall not regret the trouble my experi

ments cost me.

Qui l'a fleurie de la sorte? Who has decked her in that way?

LXV.-The Past Participle of Intransitive Verbs, preceded by Que, meaning DURING WHICH, remains invariable.

Les années qu'a duré sa magistrature. The years during which his time of office lasted, during which he was in office.

TURN INTO FRENCH.

We slept soundly.' We breakfasted, dined, and supped earlier than-usual. She smiled at me. She has run-about3 all day on that business. That plant has grown much. On-that-very-spot" other men felt, and thought, and suffered like himself. Do you regret the sums that this horse cost you?

The French language, which M. Nodier spoke and wrote so well. The dangers to which I have been exposed. The pains' which his education cost me. He found again the two children he had so long mourned-for. The trouble which this affair has cost me has quite upset me. She appeared pleased to see me.

The five minutes I ran have quite put-me-out-of-breath.10 The days this chimney smoked have been rainy. The ten hours I slept consecutively" quite recovered me. The nights she coughed. All the time she suffered. Who could reckon all the evils which war made me commit, during the span of sixty years which I lived? Your answer did not please them.

1. Profondément.-2. Que d'ordinaire.-3. Courir.-4. Pour.5. Dans les mêmes lieux.-6. Courir.-7. Soins.-8. Pleurer.-9. Bouleverser.-10. Essouffler.-11. De suite.

F

LXVI.-The Past Participle of Reflective Verbs is variable when the Objective Pronoun which precedes means MYSELF, HIMSELF, HERSELF, OURSELVES, &c.

Ainsi se sont perdues tant de jeunes personnes. That's the way in which so many young persons have been lost. Vos sœurs se sont méprises sur mes intentions. Your sisters have mistaken my intentions.

The Past Participle of Reflective Verbs is invariable when the Objective Pronoun means TO MYSELF, ΤΟ HIMSELF, TO HERSELF, TO OURSELVES, &c., and is not preceded by any other Objective.

Ils se sont dit quelques paroles désobligeantes. There passed some hard words between them.

Ils se sont juré une amitié éternelle. They have vowed one another an eternal friendship.

La foi que deux époux se sont jurée. The fidelity which husband and wife have plighted to one another.

C'est de tant de droits que ses prédécesseurs s'étaient arrogés, presque le seul qui lui reste. This is the only right left him out of so many which his predecessors had arrogated.

In the last two examples, the Participles agree, not with Se, but with the Objective Que.

LXVII. The Past Participle of Se plaire, se déplaire, se complaire, se rire, se sourire, se nuire, s'entrenuire, se parler, se succéder, &c., is invariable.

Elle s'est nui dans mon esprit. She lost in my estimation.

Ces arbres ne se sont pas plu dans ce terrain. Those trees did not thrive in that ground.

LXVIII.—The Past Participle of Impersonal Verbs is invariable.

Il s'est fait de grandes traites de blé. A vast quantity of corn has been exported.

Il lui est venu des cloches aux mains à force de travailler. His hands are all over with blisters from hard work.

Que de démarches il nous a fallu faire! How many steps we had to take!

TURN INTO FRENCH.

Did your

How many times has she sat in this arm-chair? After warming themselves, they undressed and went to bed. mother take-notice1 of it? She did not complain of it to me. Did she get-tired at the ball? No, but she caught-a-cold.3 Have those pupils complained that an injustice was done (Subj.) to them?

This

The half of the goods have-been-sold at cost price. woman happened-to-be innocent. Where did your daughters go-to 26 When did those young men present themselves? The days we spent together have-passed-away very rapidly. Those workmen have accustomed themselves to idleness.

This water has-cooled. Has not this matter been-noisedabroad? 10 The-affair" was 12 otherwise than you say.

16

The cat (f.) scratched herself. She scratched her 13 face with that pin. We threw ourselves into-each-other's-arms.1 Those schoolboys pelted snowballs at one another. She trimmedherself-out to go and see you. She has-given-herself-acut" and the blood runs-out-from it.18 She bit her tongue. She bit it for having spoken too much. They pinched one another. She has pinched her finger. She has built herself a small retreat.

I cut my lip. I cut it when shaving. She has-sprainedher19 ankle. She sprained it when dancing. Has this child washed his hands? Yes, he has (washed them). Did he blacken his face? He blackened it. Has he put-his-shoulderout-of-joint? He put it out of joint when falling. Has this

20

little boy thrust-a-splinter" into his finger? Yes, he thrust it when robbing 22 nests.

26

These two women took-a-dislike-to-one-another-at-firstsight,23 though they smiled (Subj.) and spoke to one another as-if-nothing-had-been-the-matter." They have-injured one another. She was-pleased in contradicting me. She has laughed at my losses. They have succeeded from-fatherto-son 28 in that office.29 Events had succeeded with rapidity. Several errors have-slipped into that work.

A dispute had-arisen. A meeting 32 was held yesterday. She 33 is forbidden to drink wine. It rained a good deal yesterday. There came two gentlemen who wanted to speak to you. False news was-spread. Has 35 a lady come to my house? There was a-fall of snow. Has anything fallen out-of 37 the window?

38

34

A bottle has fallen. Have several gentlemen gone up to your room?

1. S'apercevoir.-2. Se fatiguer.-3. S'enrhûmer.-4. Se vendre.5. Se trouver.-6. S'en aller.-7. Passer.-8. S'écouler.-9. S'attiédir. -10. S'ébruiter.-11. La chose.-12. Se passer.-13. La.-14. Dans les bras l'un de l'autre.-15. Se jeter.-16. Se faire belle.-17. Se faire une coupure.-18. En découler.-19. Se fouler la.-20. Se démettre l'épaule.-21. S'enfoncer une écharde.-22. Dénicher.-23. Se déplaire au premier abord.-24. Comme si de rien n'était.-25. Se nuire.26. Se plaire à.-27. De.-28. De père en fils.-29. Charge.-30. Se glisser.-31. S'élever.-32. Assemblée.-33. Il lui.-34. Se répandre. -35. Est-il.-36. Tomber.-37. Par.-38. Est-il monté.

LXIX.-The Past Participle of Faire, followed by a Verb in the Infinitive, is always invariable.

La fortune m'y conduisait pour me faire jouer de plus grands rôles que ceux qu'elle m'y avait déjà fait faire. Fortune conducted me thither, in order to make me act higher parts than those which I had hitherto performed.

TURN INTO FRENCH.

The snow which Providence caused to fall, has destroyed the insects, and made them perish. The music we heard