ÆäÀÌÁö À̹ÌÁö
PDF
ePub

the Secretary must make appropriate increases. The increases are made on the basis of production of such type or types of tobacco during the same period of years considered in establishing farm marketing quotas and acreage allotments for the kind of tobacco involved.

Peanut acreage allotments and marketnig quotas (496 counties)

Quotas must be proclaimed each calendar year between July 1 and December 1 of each year, regardless of the supply situation. The national marketing quota must be equal to the average quantity of peanuts harvested for nuts during the 5 years immediately preceding the year in which the quota is proclaimed, adjusted for current trends, and prospective demand conditions.

A national marketing quota for the 1959 crop of peanuts of 886,000 tons and a national acreage allotment of 1,610,000 acres were announced. Both the marketing quota and the national acreage allotment for the 1959 crop are at the minimum levels permitted by law.

A referendum must be held not later than December 15 to determine whether farmers are in favor of or opposed to marketing quotas with respect to the crops of peanuts produced in the 3 calendar years immediately following the year in which the referendum is held. In a referendum held December 11, 1956, approximately 94 percent of the farmers voting approved marketing quotas for 3 marketing years beginning with the 1957 marketing year.

Estimated number of allotment farms and acreage allotted, 1958 and 1959 crops

[blocks in formation]

1 Includes an increase for Valencia-type peanuts of 2,388 acres (announced Apr. 11, 1958).

The national marketing quota must be converted to a national acreage allotment by dividing the quota by the normal yield per acre of peanuts for the United States determined on the basis of the average yield per acre in the preceding 5 calendar years with necessary adjustments for trends in yields and for abnormal conditions of production.

The national acreage allotment less the acreage set aside for new farms is apportioned among the States on the basis of the State's share of the national acreage allotment for the preceding year.

The State acreage allotment is apportioned through local committees among farms on the basis of past acreage of peanuts, taking into consideration previous allotments, abnormal conditions, land, labor and equipment available for the production of peanuts, crop-rotation practices, and soil and other physical factors affecting the production of peanuts.

Whenever the Secretary determines that, on the basis of average yields per acre by types, adjusted for trends and abnormal conditions, the supply of any type or types is insufficient to meet the demand for cleaning and shelling purposes at which the Commodity Credit Corporation may sell its stocks of such peanuts, the Secretary is required to make appropriate increases in State acreage allotments. No State, however, may be increased above the acreage harvested in the State in 1947.

The amount of the farm marketing quota is the actual production of the farm acreage allotment.

The marketing of peanuts in excess of the farm marketing quota, or the marketing of peanuts from any farm for which no acreage allotment was determined, is subject to a penalty at a rate equal to 75 percent of the support price for peanuts for the marketing year beginning in the calendar year in which such peanuts are produced.

Quotas are not applicable to any farm on which the acreage of peanuts harvested for nuts is 1 acre or less.

Wheat acreage allotments and marketing quotas (2,529 counties)

Quotas must be proclaimed not later than May 15 of any calendar year whenever the total supply for the marketing year beginning in such calendar year exceeds normal supply by more than 20 percent or the total supply is not less than normal supply and the average farm price for 3 successive months does not exceed 66 percent of parity.

On March 21, 1958, marketing quotas were proclaimed for the 1959 crop of wheat based upon the following determination of normal supply for the 1959 crop and the marketing quota position as indicated by the supply percentage.

Normal supply and marketing quota level:

1. Domestic consumption, 1957-58 (adjusted). 2. Exports, 1958-59-

3.

Total (item 1 plus item 2)_.

4. Allowance for carryover (20 percent of item 3).

5.

Normal supply (item 3 plus item 4).

6. Marketing quota level (120 percent of item 5)----

Total supply and supply percentage:

7. Estimated carryover, July 1, 1958

8. Estimated production, 1958

9. Estimated imports, marketing year 1957–58---

10.

Total supply (item 7 plus item 8 plus item 9)---.

11. Supply percentage (item 10 divided by item 5)‒‒‒‒‒‒

[blocks in formation]

4. 30 percent of normtl year's domestic consumption and exports

5.

Normal year's domestic consumption and exports plus
30 percent (item 3 plus item 4).

6. Indicated carryover, July 1, 1959_

7. Estimated imports, marketing year 1959-60

8.

Total (item 6 plus item 7)_.

9. Production needed in 1959 (item 5 minus item 8)_. 10. National average yield per planted acre..

11. Indicated national acreage allotment_

__bushels__

12. Minimum national acreage allotment (established

by law).

[blocks in formation]

acres__ 21, 375, 000

-‒‒‒‒‒do-- 55, 000, 000

1 Adjusted to provide a more normal amount of wheat for domestic use.

33913-59-pt. 3-36

State acreage allotments which are based on wheat acreages for the past 10 years with adjustments for planting trends, weather, and other factors were announced on March 21.

[blocks in formation]

A referendum must be held between the date of the issuance of the proclamation of the national marketing quota and July 25 to determine whether farmers favor or oppose such quota. In a referendum held June 20, 1958, 84.1 percent of the farmers voting favored marketing quotas on the 1959 crop of wheat. The national acreage allotment (less a reserve of not to exceed 1 percent thereof) is apportioned among States on the basis of the acreage seeded for the production of wheat during the 10 calendar years immediately preceding the calendar year in which the national acreage allotment is determined with adjustments for abnormal weather conditions and for trends in acreage.

The State acreage allotment, less a reserve of not to exceed 3 percent thereof, is apportioned among the counties on the basis of the acreage seeded for the production of wheat during the 10 calendar years immediately preceding the calendar year in which the national acreage allotment is determined with adjustments for abnormal weather conditions and trends in acreage during such period and for the promotion of soil conservation practices.

The allotment to the county is apportioned, through local committees, among farms on the basis of past acreage of wheat tillable acres, crop-rotation practices, type of soil, and topography. Not more than 3 percent of the county allotment must be apportioned to farms on which wheat has not been planted during any of the 3 marketing years preceding the marketing year in which the allotment is made.

The farm marketing quota is the actual production from the acreage planted to wheat on the farm less the farm marketing excess. The farm marketing excess is the normal yield times the excess acres but it may not exceed the difference between the actual production on the farm less normal production of the acreage allotment. The rate of penalty on wheat is 45 percent of the parity price per bushel on wheat as of May 1 of the calendar year in which the crop is harvested. The penalty may be avoided by (1) storing farm marketing excess in accordance with regulations established by the Secretary or (2) delivering such excess to the Secretary for his disposal. The farm marketing excess is subject to penalty even though it is used on the farm.

A wheat marketing quota is not applicable to any farm on which the acreage planted to wheat does not exceed 15 acres or the normal production of the acreage planted to wheat of the current crop is less than 200 bushels. Recently enacted legislation (Public Law 85-203) permits farmers whose acreage allotment is less than 30 acres to grow up to 30 acres of wheat without being liable for marketing quota penalties for use exclusively on the farm where produced. If, for any marketing year, the acreage allotment for wheat for any State is

25,000 acres or less, the Secretary may designate such State as outside the com'mercial wheat-producing area for such marketing year.

Cotton acreage allotments and marketing quotas (1,090 counties)

A national marketing quota must be proclaimed not later than October 15, whenever during any calendar year it is determined that the total supply exceeds the normal supply for upland cotton and for extra long staple cotton, whenever the total supply exceeds normal supply by more than 8 percent.

Upland cotton.-On September 29, 1958, a national marketing quota of 12,167,000 bales and a national acreage allotment of 16 million acres were announced. The Agricultural Act of 1958 approved August 28, 1958, provides that beginning with the 1959 crop, the national marketing quota shall not be less than the number of bales required to provide an acreage allotment of 16 million acres.

The act also provides that with respect to upland cotton the Secretary shall give producers a choice of (1) plan A, planting within his acreage allotment and receiving price support determined under section 101 of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended, or (2) plan B, increasing his acreage by not to exceed 40 percent as determined by the Secretary and receiving price support at 15 parity points below the level under plan A.

On December 15, 1958, cotton farmers voted for quotas on the 1959 crop of upland cotton. The level of price support for the crop will be determined about January 31, 1959, and soon thereafter each farm operator will be notified of the price support available on plan A and plan B forms. Farmers will also be notified that they must register their choices at the ASC county office not later than March 16, 1959.

[blocks in formation]

Includes additional acreage required so that State allotment will equal 99 percent of prior years allotment and also allocation to the State from the national reserve to provide minimum farm allotments pursuant to the provisions of the Agricultural Act of 1956.

Extra long staple cotton.-On October 13, 1958, a national marketing quota of 73,989 standard bales of 500 pounds gross weight and a national acreage allotment of 70,822 acres were proclaimed for the 1959 crop.

Quotas and allotments will apply principally to American-Egyptian, sea island (in the continental United States and Puerto Rico), and sealand cotton.

[blocks in formation]

10. Supply percentage (item 4 divided by item 9)-1 October crop estimate.

Acreage allotted, by State, 1958 crop compared with 1959

120, 000

45, 000

165,000

49, 500

214, 500

112.3

[blocks in formation]

Not later than December 15 following the proclamation of quotas a referendum must be held to determine whether farmers favor or oppose such quotas. Preliminary returns indicate that in referendums held December 15, 1958, 92.3 percent of the farmers voting favored quotas for the 1959 crop of upland cotton and 88.5 percent favored quotas for extra long staple cotton.

The national acreage allotment is apportioned to the States on the basis of the acreage planted to cotton (or regarded as planted) in the 5 calendar years immediately preceding the calendar year in which the national marketing quota is proclaimed with adjustments for abnormal weather.

The State acreage allotment is apportioned to counties on the basis of the acreage planted to cotton (or regarded as planted) in the 5 calendar years immediately preceding the calendar year in which the national marketing quota is proclaimed with adjustments for abnormal weather.

The State committee is authorized to reserve not to exceed 10 precent (15 percent in the case of one State) of the State allotment for adjustments in county allotments due to trends in acreage, abnormal conditions affecting plantings, small or new farms, or to correct inequities in farm allotments and to prevent hardship.

The county acreage allotment (less the reserve) is apportioned to farms on which cotton has been planted in any one of the past 3 years, (1) by allotting initially to each farm the smaller of 5 acres or the highest number of acres planted to cotton in such 3-year period and (2) by allotting the remainder to farms (other than those whose initial allotment was the highest number of acres planted in the past 3 years) on the basis of a county cropland percentage, excluding the acreages devoted to specified crops and nonirrigated lands in irri

« ÀÌÀü°è¼Ó »