gated areas. No farm may be allotted an acreage under this provision in excess of the highest number of acres planted in the past 3 years. The county committee may reserve not to exceed 15 percent of the county allotment for establishing "new" farm allotments and for adjusting "old" farm allotments, but not less than 20 percent of the reserve must be allotted to farms which otherwise would receive allotments of not more than 15 acres. The farm marketing quota is the actual production from acreage planted to cotton on the farm less the farm marketing excess. The farm marketing excess is the normal yield times excess acres, but it may not exceed the difference between the actual production on the farm less the normal production of the acreage allotment. For upland cotton, the farm marketing excess is subject to a penalty at a rate equal to 50 percent of parity price as of June 15 of the calendar year in which the crop is produced and for extra long staple cotton the penalty rate is the higher of 50 percent of parity price or 50 percent of support price. Corn acreage allotments (932 counties) The Agricultural Act of 1958, approved August 28, 1958, provided that a referendum be held not later than December 15, 1958, to determine whether farmers favored the new program provided in such act calling for the elimination of corn acreage allotments and for a new method of setting support prices for the 1959 and succeeding crops of corn. In a referendum held November 25, 1958, 71.1 percent of the farmers voting favored the new program. Under such program there will be no restrictions on acreage planted to corn in 1959 and later years. 1958 and prior crops.-The acreage allotment of corn for any calendar year (which must be proclaimed not later than February 1 of the calendar year in which such acreage allotment is determined) shall be that acreage in the commercial corn-producing area which, on the basis of the average yield for corn in such area during the 5 calendar years immediately preceding such calendar year, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions, will produce an amount of corn in such area, which together with corn produced in the United States outside the commercial corn-producing area and corn imported, make available a supply for the marketing year beginning in such calendar year, equal to the normal supply. The acreage allotment must be proclaimed not later than February 1 of the calendar year for which such acreage allotment was determined. The acreage allotment for corn is apportioned among counties in the commercial corn-producing area on the basis of acreage seeded for the production of corn during the 5 calendar years immediately preceding the calendar year in which the apportionment is determined with adjustments for abnormal weather conditions and for trends in acreage during such period and for the promotion of soil conservation practices. The acreage allotment for the county is apportioned through local committees among the farms within the county on the basis of tillable acreage, croprotation practices, type of soil, and topography. Although not expressly provided for in legislation, the acreage allotment for the commercial corn-producing area is apportioned among the States in such area to facilitate administration. The commercial corn producing area for 1958 announced on October 7, 1957, includes 932 counties in 26 States. The designated area for 1958 includes two more States (Florida and South Carolina) and 38 more counties than the 1957 area. 2,299 6. Carryover indicated Oct. 1, 1958--- 7. Total production needed (item 5 minus item 6). 8. Estimated production outside of 1958 commercial area 9. Production needed in commercial area (item 7 minus 10. Adjusted average yield in commercial area, 1953-57 (bushel 11. Indicated allotment for 1958 (acres). 15-year average adjusted by eliminating, on a county basis, yields below 75 percent of the average of the other 4 years, and substituting, on a commercial corn area basis, the adjusted 5-year average (48.4) for the exceptionally high yields in 1956 and 1957. 1 State acreages are not directly comparable for the 2 years because of changes in the number of counties Included in the commercial corn producing area. Rice acreage allotments and marketing quotas (157 counties) On October 29, 1958, a national rice acreage allotment of 1,652,596 acres (the minimum established by law) for the 1959 crop of rice was proclaimed. On November 28, 1958, marketing quotas were proclaimed for the 1959 crop of rice, individual marketing quotas for farmers staying within their acreage allotment will be the actual production from the farm acreage allotment. Marketing quotas for rice must be proclaimed (not later than December 31) whenever in any calendar year it is determined that the total supply of rice for the marketing year beginning in such calendar year will exceed normal supply for such marketing year by more than 10 percent. Marketing quotas for any crop of rice may be proclaimed at any time during the calendar year preceding the calendar year in which the crop will be produced. A referendum must be held within 30 days after the proclamation of quotas to determine whether farmer approve quotas. In order to become effective, at least two-thirds of the farmers voting must favor quotas. Not later than December 31 of each calendar year, a national acreage allotment for the crop of rice to be produced in the next calendar year must be proclaimed. The national acreage allotment is that acreage which will, on the basis of the national average yield of rice for the five preceding calendar years, produce an amount of rice adequate, together with the estimated carryover from the marketing year ending in the calendar year then current, to make available a supply for the marketing year beginning in the next calendar year, not less than the normal supply. Determination of rice normal supply, marketing quota level, total supply and supply percentage Normal supply and marketing quota level : 1. Estimated domestic consumption; 1957-58. 2. Estimated exports, 1958–59_. 3. Total (item 1 plus item 2). 4. Allowance for carryover (10 percent of item 3). 5. Normal supply (item 3 plus item 4). 6. Marketing quota level (110 percent of item 5) – Total supply and supply percentage: 7. Carryover on Aug. 1, 1958. 8. Estimated production in 1958_. 9. Estimated imports, 1958-59 10. Total supply (items 7 plus items 8 plus item 9). 65, 989 11. Supply percentage (item 10 divided by item 5)‒‒‒‒‒‒ 112. 6 National acreage allotment: 6. Estimated carryover on Aug. 1, 1959__ 7. Indicated production needed in 1959 (item 5 minus item 6) _. Thousand hundredweight 8. National average yield per planted acre, 1954-58----pounds__ 26, 569 25,000 51, 569 5, 157 56, 726 12, 400 44, 326 3, 001 9. Indicated acreage allotment (item 7 divided by item 8)_acres__ 1, 477. 041 10. Minimum national acreage allotment for 1958-- -acres 1, 652, 596 1 November crop report. 2 Normal supply is for the marketing year commencing in the calendar year for which the national acreage allotment is determined. Preliminary returns indicate that 87 percent of the farmers voting in a referendum held December 15, 1958, favored marketing quotas for the 1959 crop of rice. The national acreage allotment, less a reserve of not to exceed 1 percent thereof for apportionment to farms receiving allotments which are inadequate because of an insufficient State or county allotment or because rice was not planted on the farm during all preceding 5 years, is apportioned among the rice-producing States on the basis of the average number of acres of rice in each State during the preceding 5 years, with adjustments for trends in acreage during such period. The State acreage allotment is apportioned in one of two ways: 1. To rice producers on the basis of past production of rice by the producer, taking into consideration the acreage allotments previously established for such producer (in the State), abnormal conditions affecting acreage, land, labor, and equipment available for the production of rice, crop-rotation practices, and the soil and other physical factors affecting the production of rice. Not more than 3 percent of the State acreage allotment is apportioned to persons who have not produced rice during any one of the past 5 years. The producer allotments so determined are assigned to farms on which the producers will be engaged in producing the crop of rice for which the allotments are established. 2. If the Secretary, upon recommendation of the State committee determines that such action will facilitate the effective administration of the act, the State acreage allotment is apportioned to farms on which rice has been produced during any one of such period of years on the basis of foregoing factors using past production of rice on the farm and the acreage allotments previously estab lished for the farm in lieu of past production of rice by the producer and the acreage allotments previously established for such producers. Not more than 3 percent of the State acreage allotment is apportioned to farms on which rice has not been produced for the past 5 years on the basis of the applicable factors heretofore mentioned. The farm marketing quota is the actual production on the farm less "farm marketing excess." The farm marketing excess is the normal production of the number of acres planted in excess of the farm acreage allotment, except that the farm marketing excess may not be larger than the amount by which the actual production on the farm exceeds the normal production of the farm acreage allotment if the producer furnishes proof of such actual production to the Secretary. Whenever marketing quotas are in effect the producer is subject to a penalty on the farm marketing excess at a rate per pound equal to 50 percent of the parity price as of June 15 of the calendar year in which the crop is produced. The penalty may be avoided or postponed by storage or by disposing of the commodity in such other manner not inconsistent with the purposes of the act, as the Secretary shall prescribe, including delivery to the Commodity Credit Corporation or other agency within the Department. The marketing quota penalty was set at $2.88 per hundredweight for the 1957 crop. Quota penalty collections The following table shows the cumulative marketing quota penalty collec tions which, except for refunds to producers, are eventually covered into the general fund of the Treasury. Summary of cumulative net marketing quota penalty collections as of June 30, 1958 Legislation enacted, 2d session, 85th Congress, affecting acreage allotment and marketing quota provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 Tobacco Public Law 85-366: Provides that if in any calendar year more than one crop of tobacco is grown from either the same or different tobacco plants from the same tobacco acreage, the acreage allotment next established for the farm shall be reduced by an amount equivalent to the acreage from which more than one crop of tobacco was grown and harvested. Public Law 85-705: Provides for a special referendum of producers of type 2 (Virginia) Fire-cured tobacco or type 37 Virginia Sun-cured tobacco to determine whether they favor having these two kinds treated as one kind if grown on the same farm. If two-thirds or more of the farmers favor such treatment, a single-combined acreage allotment will be established for the farm. Peanuts Public Law 85-717: Provides that, beginning with the 1959 crop of peanuts, the production of peanuts on a farm for which no allotment is established will not make the farm eligible for an allotment as an "old farm" in the succeeding year; the production of 1 acre or less of peanuts on a farm without an allotment and without incurring a marketing penalty applies only when the persons who share in such peanuts do not share in peanuts produced on any other farm. Public Law 85-127 removes green peanuts from the marketing quota penalty provisions. Wheat Public Law 85-13: Provides for increased durum wheat acreage allotments and marketing quotas for the 1957 crop for farms located in counties in specified States which are (1) capable of producing class II durum wheat and (2) having produced such wheat for commercial food products during one or more of the 5 years 1952 through 1956. Public Law 85-203: Provides that farmers whose wheat acreage allotment is less than 30 acres may grow up to 30 acres of wheat for use exclusively on the farm where produced. This provision will apply to the 1958 and future crops. It also provides that no acreage seeded to wheat for harvest as grain in 1958 or thereafter in excess of the wheat acreage allotment on any farm, regardless of the size of the wheat allotment shall be considered in establishing future State, county or farm acreage allotments. Public Law 85-366: Makes certain minor changes in the laws relating to wheat acreage allotments so as to eliminate inequities which were occasioned by enactment late in the 1st session of the 85th Congress of Public Law 85–203, commonly called the feed-wheat bill. Public Law 85-390: Provides for an increase of 8,000 acres in the acreage allotments for the 1958 and 1959 crops of wheat for farms in the Tulelake |