EDUCATION.-There are threecolleges in the State, the University of Vermont, at Burlington, founded in 1791, Middlebury College, at Middlebury, founded in 1800, and Norwich University, founded in 1834. For statistics of these, see Table of Colleges (post, p. 644). There are two theological schools, the New Hampton Theological and Literary Institution, at Fairfax, and the Episcopal Institute, at Burlington, and three medical schools, Castleton Medical College, at Castleton, founded in 1818, the Medical Department of the University of Vermont, at Burlington, founded in 1821, and the Vermont Medical College, at Woodstock, founded in 1835. The present condition of these will be found in the tables of Theological and Medical Schools. The number of academies in the State is 84; of private and select schools, 292. The attendance on the academies is not reported; the attendance on private and select schools during the year ending Sept. 1, 1862, was 7121.

Public Schools.-The public schools of the State are in charge of a Board of Education, organized in 1856, of which the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor are ex officio members, and three other members are appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The appointed members in 1862 were Timothy P. Redfield, of Montpelier, J. D. Bradley, of Brattleboro' (who deceased during the year), and Hiland Hall, of Bennington. The Secretary of the Board, who acts as State Superintendent of Schools, is John S. Adams, of Burlington. He receives a salary of $1000 per annum and expenses of postage, stationery, &c. The pay of the members of the board is $3 per day and mileage. From the report of the Secretary of the Board of Education, and from other sources, we gather the following summary of the condition of the schools in the year ending Sept. 1, 1862. The whole number of districts was 2928; number of heads of families, 57,200; number of children betweeen four and eighteen, 89,599; the number attending school between four and eighteen, 63,728; number attending school between eighteen and twenty, 2642; average attendance between four and twenty, 47,455. The whole number of teachers was 4904; the number of weeks school taught by male teachers was 14,500; by female teachers, 51,065; the amount of wages paid to male teachers was $62,512: to female teachers, $101,400; $69,560 was paid for board of teachers; $28,067 for fuel, furniture, and incidentals, and $67,878 for the erection and repair of school-houses. The amount of public money distributed (partly, probably, from the income of the United States Deposit Fund) was $105,165; the amount raised on the grand list was $117,318, and the amount raised on the scholar, i.e. by rate or tuition bills, was $21,670. The whole amount paid for wages, board, and fuel is reported at $251,251. The number of weeks' school supported by the districts, i.e. by district tax after exhaustion of the publie money and school tax, was 29,036. The

average duration of the schools was about six months. The average wages of male teachers, exclusive of board, was $17 24 per month; of female teachers, $7 92 per month. 96 districts were without schools during the year, and 32 voted to have no school. A town superintendent of schools is elected in each town, who is paid one dollar a day for the time actually spent in visiting schools. The whole amount of compensation of these superintendents for the year ending Sept. 1, 1862, was $4,844, an average of $22 08. The instruction in the public schools is for the most part quite elementary; 62,036 were taught reading; 61,827, spelling; 40,999, arithmetic; 28,337, penmanship; 23,459 (but little more than 3 of the whole), geography; 13,364 (one-fifth), grammar; 5580, composition (only about 3); 2442, history; and 3542, other studies. There is no provision for normal education.

VERMONT ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE AT BRATTLEBORO'.-W. H. Rockwell, M.D., Superintendent and Physician. The asylum has a large farm, and workshops in which such of the insane patients as are able and have the disposition are employed for some hours daily. The buildings, which are extensive, were enlarged in 1861 by the addition of nearly one hundred rooms. The greater part of these buildings were destroyed by fire Dec. 20, 1862. The asylum was first opened for patients Dec. 12, 1836. The statistics of the year ending Aug 1, 1862, are as follows:Patients remaining Aug. 1, 1861, 438 (230 males, 208 females); admitted during the year, 146 (71 males, 75 females); total during the year, 584 (301 males, 283 females). Discharged during the year, 121 (69 males, 52 females), leaving in the asylum, Aug. 1, 1862, 463 (232 males, 231 females). Of the 121 discharged, 47 were recovered, 15 improved, 17 not improved, 42 died. Percentage of recoveries on admissions, 32.8: on whole number resident, 10.44. Percentage of deaths on discharges, 34.71; on whole number resident, 9.09. The expenditures of the year were $59,653 59, of which $8,393 42 was for improvements and repairs. The income from board of patients, State appropriations ($5000 special grant, and $5,573 14 for board and clothing of insane poor of State), &c., was $60,381 62, leaving a balance in favor of the asylum of $727 43. The terms for board and attendance are $2 25 per week for the first year, and $2 per week afterwards; epileptics, paralytics, or insane persons in the State over 70 years of age, $3 per week. These classes will not be received from other States. Incurables are received to a limited extent. No person is received for less than three months, unless he recovers before that time has expired. Application can be made to the Superintendent. The number of State beneficiaries in the State during the year was 178, of whom 44 were admitted and 43 discharged during the year, leaving 135 in the institution, Aug. 1, 1862. Of those discharged. 15 were recovered, 9 not recovered, and 19 died.

There were also 58 transient insane, 7 insane committed by the courts, and 3 sent from State Prison, in the institution during the year, of whom 9 were discharged during the year, and 59 remained, Sept. 1, 1862. Of those discharged, 3 were recovered, 2 not recovered, and 4 died.

VERMONT STATE PRISON, at Windsor, Hiram Harlow, Superintendent.-This prison was established in 1809. From the report of the Superintendent and directors it appears that there were 99 prisoners in the prison, Sept. 1, 1861; that during the year 42 were admitted, and 46 discharged in various ways, leaving 95 in the prison on the 1st Sept. 1862, of whom 88 were white and 3 black males, and 4 white females. Of those discharged during the year, 5 were pardoned, 38 discharged by expiration of sentence, 1 escaped, and 2 died. Of those committed to the prison, 11 were between 15 and 21 years of age; 17 between 21 and 30; 14 over 30, 21 were natives of Vermont; 8 of other States, and 13 were foreigners. The average length of their sentence was 22 years. Since 1809, 1752 prisoners have been committed to the prison, and 1657 discharged, of whom 652 were pardoned, 6 sent to the hospital, 24 escaped, 67 died, 906 were discharged at the expiration of their sentence; 38 were under 15 years of age when admitted; 421 between 15 and 21; 687 between 21 and 30, and 606 over 30. 520 were natives of Vermont, 756 natives of other States, and 476 foreigners; 12 were committed for life. The total expenditure for the year was $9,597 31, total income $9,160 54; showing an excess of expenditure over income of $436 77. The prison is on the Auburn or congregated plan, and the labor of all the male convicts, except those needed for making shoes and clothing for the prison, is contracted to Messrs. Lamson, Goodnow & Co., at 30 cents per day's work, till 1866. The prison has a good library.

The Contribution of Vermont to the Army of Volunteers.-The State has raised its full quota of soldiers for the suppression of the rebellion. One regiment of three-months men was furnished at the commencement of the war, and was the admiration of all for its superior matériel. On the 16th of April, 1862, there had been sent to the field, enlisted for three years or the war, 8 regiments of infantry, 1 regiment of cavalry, 2 batteries of artillery, and 3 companies of sharpshooters,-in all, 8668 men, besides the regiment of three-months troops; another regiment was called for by the Secretary of War, May 21, and sent forward, July 15, besides 1103 men to fill up the old regiments, making in all, previous to the call of July, 1862, for 300,000 three-years men, 9283, or, including the first regiment of three-months troops, 10,065. Since that time 4164 have volunteered on the call for three-years men, and 4777 up to Nov. 1, 1862, as nine-months men under the second call, so that uo draft has been required in the State. The

whole number of men sent into the field by the State since the 1st of May, 1861, to Nov. 1, 1862, is 19,006, besides those Vermonters who have enlisted in other States, making nearly one in every 15 of her entire population. The quota required of the State was in all 18,736, so that she has considerably exceeded all her quotas. The whole number of persons liable to do military duty in the State is 29,501. Like most of the other New England States, Vermont had suffered her militia organization to degenerate, until it possessed very little efficiency; but a committee appointed at the October session of her Legislature, 1862, reported, Nov. 18, 1862, a bill for a law to organize the militia, very complete in its details, which, with some slight modifications, passed both Houses and became a law.

CENSUS STATISTICS.-Our copious census tables give most of the particulars relative to Vermont, which the census tables, so far as arranged, enable us to furnish; but a few items not noticed there may be of interest. In area and popu lation it occupies the same relative rank, being twenty-eighth in both; in density of population it is twelfth, having 34.79 to the square mile. Since 1800 it has had no slaves within its borders, being, with one exception (Massachusetts), the only State in which slavery did not exist beyond that time. In the absolute increase of its population within the last decade, it stood lower than any other State, the percentage of increase being only 0.11. The male population exceeds the female in the State,-the number of white males being 2441 in excess of the white females, and the colored males 33 in advance of the colored females. There are no large cities in the State, the largest town having a population of only 7713. The State is mainly agricultural; its farms having a cash value of $91,511,673, and its farming-implements of $3,554,728, in 1860. With the exception of New York, it produces more maplesugar than any other State in the Union, its yield being 9,819,939 lbs. in 1860, and in the production of sugar of any kind it stands third in the Union, It had 67,250 horses, 171,698 milch cows, 42,860 working oxen, and 149,359 other cattle, 721,993 sheep, and 49,433 swine. The value of its live stock was $15,884,393. In manufacturing industry it stood twentieth among the States, having 1501 manufacturing establishments, employing $9,500,000 capital, using $8,100,000 value of raw material, employing 8940 male and 1860 female operatives, and producing goods to the annual value of $16,000,000. Its principal manufactures are woollen goods (employing $1,781,550, and producing annually goods to the amount of $2,550,000), flour and meal ($1,659,898,) lumber ($1,065,886), fire-arms, iron-ware, agricultural implements, slates, both for roofing and writing purposes, weighing scales, and marble, both colored and white, of which there are extensive quarries