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so that nothing is finished till all is finished." As a specimen, the Essay

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Of Study," in the first edition ends with the words "able to contend." The edition of 1612 is the same as the former edition, but it thus continues : "Abeunt studia in mores;""nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises; bowling is good for the stone and reins, shooting for the lungs and breast, gentle walking for the stomach, riding for the head, and the like; so if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again; if his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen, for they are Cymini sectores; if he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call upon one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyer's cases; so every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.”

Fifth Edition, Jaggard, 1612.

Essaies, Religious Meditations, Places of persuasion and dissuasion. Scene and allowed. Printed at London for John Jaggard, dwelling in Fleete-streete at the Hand and Starre neere Temple barre. 1612.

This edition may be divided into two parts:

The first part consisting,

The second part consisting

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1. Of the Essays which were contained in the edition of 1606.

2. Religious Meditations.

3. Places of Perswasion and Disswasion.
Of such Essays in the edition of 1612 as are
not inserted in the first part.

It seems that Jaggard supposed, that because the titles of certain essays in the different editions were the same, the essays were not altered; but it was Lord Bacon's custom, as stated in his letter to Mr. Matthews, with his book "De Sapientia Veterum," always to alter when I add, so that nothing is finished till all is finished." This was the custom of Lord Bacon, a custom most probably ever attendant upon the fertility of genius. Mr. Jaggard, therefore, seems to have imagined that, in substance, his edition was as complete as the edition published in the same year by Lord Bacon. By comparing either of the essays in the edition of 1606 (“Of Studies," for instance), the error will appear. This edition, therefore, although it consists of 39 Essays (viz. 10 and 29), does not contain the perfect essays upon the same subjects which are in the edition published by Lord Bacon in 1612.

The following table will exhibit the Essays contained in this edition.
The first part consists of the Essays in the edition of 1606.

The second part consists of 29 of the essays upon new subjects which are contained in the edition published by Lord Bacon in 1612; so that this consists of 39 Essays, but the edition published by Lord Bacon in 1612, although nominally containing 40 Essays, really consisted only of 38, the two last in the title page not being inserted in the body of the work.

Had you

"To Mr. Matthews; along with the Book De Sapientia Veterum.—I heartily thank you for your letter of the 24th of August, from Salamanca; and, in recompence, send you a little work of mine, that has begun to pass the world. They tell me my Latin is turned into silver, and become current. been here, you should have been my inquisitor before it came forth: but I think the greatest inquisitor in Spain will allow it. One thing you must pardon me, if I make no haste to believe, that the world should be grown to such an ecstasy, as to reject truth in philosophy, because the author dissents in religion; no more than they do by Aristotle or Averroes. My great work goes forward; and after my manner, I always alter when I add : so that nothing is finished till all is finished. This I have wrote in the midst of a term and parliament; thinking no time so possessed, but that I should talk of these matters with so good and dear a friend.—Gray's Inn, Feb. 27, 1610.”

titions nor fancies. But, however, I shall most humbly desire your highness to accept them in gracious part, and to conceive, that if I cannot rest, but must shew my dutiful and devoted affection to your highness in these things which proceed from myself, I shall be much more ready to do it in performance of any of your princely commandments. And so wishing your highness all princely felicity, I rest your Highness' most humble servant,

1612.

It was dedicated as follows:

FR. BACON.

To my loving Brother, Sir John Constable, Knight.*

My last Essaies I dedicated to my deare brother Master Anthony Bacon, who is with God. Looking amongst my papers this vacation, I found others of the same nature: which if I myselfe shall not suffer to be lost, it seemeth the world will not; by the often printing of the former. Missing my brother, I found you next, in respect of bond both of neare alliance, and of straight friendship and societie, and particularly of communication in studies. Wherein I must acknowledge my selfe beholding to you. For as my businesse found rest in my contemplations; so my contemplations ever found rest in your louing conference and judgment. So wishing you all good, I remaine

The Table of Essays is,

1. Of Religion.

2. Of Death.

Your louing brother and friend, FRA. BACON.

3. Of Goodnes and goodnes of

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It is an octavo of 241 pages; and the two last essays "Of the Publique," and "Of War and Peace," although mentioned in the table of contents, are not contained in the body of the work.t

This edition contains all the Essays which are in the preceding editions, except the Essay "Of Honor and Reputation:" and the title in the former editions of the Essay "Of Followers and Friends," is in this edition "Of Followers," and there is a separate Essay" Of Friendship." The essays in italics are in the former editions.

These essays are more extensive than the essays in the preceding editions, according to the manner of the author, who says, "I always alter when I add ;

* Francis Bacon married Alice Burnham, and Sir John Constable married her sister, Dorothy Burnham. In Lord Bacon's will, he says, Sir John Constab'e, Knight, my brother-in-law; and he nominates him as one of his execu

tors.

+ There is a copy in the British Museum, and in the Bodleian; and I have a copy.

transcript of the edition of 1612, with the erroneous entries in the table of contents of the two essays, "Of the Publique" and "Of Warre and Peace," which are omitted in the body of the work; but it contains a transcript from the editions of 1597 and 1606, of the essay "Of Honor and Reputation," which is omitted in the edition of 1612. This edition, probably, originated in Jaggard's having discovered his error with respect to the edition of 1612, and his hope to make it more complete by the addition of the essay of "Honor and Reputation," without inquiring whether it was in substance incorporated in either of the new essays in Lord Bacon's edition of 1612. Does not this seem further evidence that these editions were pirated?

Seventh Edition, 1614.

The Essales of Sir Francis Bacon, Knight, the Kings Atturney Generall. His Religious Meditations. Places of Persuasion and Dissuasion. Seene and allowed. Edinburgh, Printed by Andro Hart. 1614.

This is, as it seems, a transcript of Jaggard's edition of 1613, consisting of 41 essays in the table of contents, and omitting 39 and 40 in the body of the work, and containing the Essay 41, “ Of Honor and Reputation." The Essay "Of Superstition" in this edition of 1614 is entitled 12, but it ought to be 15. There is the same error in the edition of 1613: so too the Essay "Of Followers and Friends” is, in both, entitled 33, but it ought to be 32.

Eighth Edition, 1624.

The Essaies of Sir Francis Bacon, Knight, the Kings Atturney Generall. His Religious Meditations. Places of Persuasion and Dissuasion. Seene and allowed. Printed at London, by I. D. for Elizabeth Jaggard, at the Hand and Starre, neere the Middle Temple gate, 1624.

This edition is copied from the edition of 1613. The error with respect to the title of the Essay of "Followers and Friends" is corrected in this edition; as in this edition it is, as it ought to have been in the edition of 1613-32. As this is published by Jaggard, it is probably by the widow of John Jaggard, as it is printed by I. D. for Elizabeth Jaggard.

Ninth Edition, 1625.

The Essayes or Cornsels, Civill and Morall, of Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount St. Alban. Newly enlarged. London, Printed by Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret and Richard Whitaker, and are to be sold at the signe of the King's head in Paul's Churchyard. 1625.

This edition is a small quarto of 340 pages; it clearly was published by Lord Bacon. It was published in 1625, and in the next year, 1626, Lord Bacon died. It is dedicated in the following dedication, to the Duke of Buckingham : To the Right Honorable my very good Lo. the Duke of Buckingham his Grace, Lo. High Admirall of England.

Excellent Lo.—Salomon saies, A good name is as a precious oyntment; and I assure myselfe, such wil your grace's name bee, with posteritie. For your fortune and merit both, haue beene eminent. And you haue planted things that are like to last. I doe now publish my Essayes; which, of all other workes, have beene most currant : for that, as it seemes, they come home to mens businesse and bosomes. I haue enlarged them, both in number and weight; so that they are indeed a new work. I thought it therefore agreeable to my affection, and obligation to your grace, to prefix your name before them, both in English and in Latine. For I doe conceiue, that the Latine volume of them (being in the vniuersal language) may last as long as bookes last. My Instauration I dedicated to the king: my Historie of Henry the Seventh, (which I haue now also translated into Latine) and my portions of Naturall History, to the prince: and these I dedicate to your grace: being of the best fruits, that by the good encrease which God gives to my pen and labours, I could yeeld. God leade your grace by the hand. Your Graces most obliged

and faithfull seruant, FR. ST. ALBAN.

Of this edition Lord Bacon sent a copy to the Marquis Fiat. Baconiana, 201.

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Age.

24. Of Beautie.

25. Of Deformitie.

26. Of Nature in Men.

27. Of Custome and

Education.

28. Of Fortune.

29. Of Studies.

30. Of Ceremonies and
Respects.

31. Of Sutors.
32. Of Followers.

33. Of Negotiating.
34. Of Faction.
35. Of Praise.

36. Of Judicature.
37. Of Vaine Glory.
38. Of Greatnesse of

Kingdoms.

39. Of the Publick.

40. Of Warre and Peace.

Sixth Edition, 1613.

Age.

21. Of Beautie.

22. Of Deformitie.

23. Of Nature in Men. 24. Of Custom and Education.

25. Of Fortune.

26. Of Praise.
27. Of Judicature.
28. Of Vaine Glory.
29. Of the Greatness of
Kingdomes.

The next edition was in 1613. It is entitled, The Essaies of Sir Francis Bacon, Knight, the Kings Aturney Generall, his Religious Meditations. Places of Perswasion and Disswasion. Seene and allowed. Printed at London for John laggard, dwelling at the Hand and Starre, betweene the two Temple Gates, 1613. It is a

transcript of the edition of 1612, with the erroneous entries in the table of contents of the two essays, "Of the Publique" and "Of Warre and Peace," which are omitted in the body of the work; but it contains a transcript from the editions of 1597 and 1606, of the essay "Of Honor and Reputation," which is omitted in the edition of 1612. This edition, probably, originated in Jaggard's having discovered his error with respect to the edition of 1612, and his hope to make it more complete by the addition of the essay of "Honor and Reputation," without inquiring whether it was in substance incorporated in either of the new essays in Lord Bacon's edition of 1612. Does not this seem further evidence that these editions were pirated?

Seventh Edition, 1614.

The Essaies of Sir Francis Bacon, Knight, the Kings Atturney Generall. His Religious Meditations. Places of Perswasion and Disswasion. Seene and allowed. Edinburgh, Printed by Andro Hart. 1614.

This is, as it seems, a transcript of Jaggard's edition of 1613, consisting of 41 essays in the table of contents, and omitting 39 and 40 in the body of the work, and containing the Essay 41, "Of Honor and Reputation." The Essay "Of Superstition" in this edition of 1614 is entitled 12, but it ought to be 15. There is the same error in the edition of 1613: so too the Essay "Of Followers and Friends" is, in both, entitled 33, but it ought to be 32.

Eighth Edition, 1624.

The Essaies of Sir Francis Bacon, Knight, the Kings Atturney Generall. His Religious Meditations. Places of Perswasion and Disswasion. Seene and allowed. Printed at London, by 1. D. for Elizabeth Jaggard, at the Hand and Starre, noere the Middle Temple gate, 1624.

This edition is copied from the edition of 1613. The error with respect to the title of the Essay of "Followers and Friends" is corrected in this edition; as in this edition it is, as it ought to have been in the edition of 1613-32. As this is published by Jaggard, it is probably by the widow of John Jaggard, as it is printed by I. D. for Elizabeth Jaggard.

Ninth Edition, 1625.

The Essayes or Counsels, Civill and Morall, of Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscornt St. Alban. Newly enlarged. London, Printed by Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret and Richard Whitaker, and are to be sold at the signe of the King's head in Paul's Churchyard. 1625.

This edition is a small quarto of 340 pages; it clearly was published by Lord Bacon. It was published in 1625, and in the next year, 1626, Lord Bacon died. It is dedicated in the following dedication, to the Duke of Buckingham : To the Right Honorable my very good Lo. the Duke of Buckingham his Grace, Lo. High Admirall of England.

Excellent Lo.-Salomon saies, A good name is as a precious oyntment; and I assure myselfe, such wil your grace's name bee, with posteritie. For your fortune and merit both, haue beene eminent. And you haue planted things that are like to last. I doe now publish my Essayes; which, of all other workes, have beene most currant: for that, as it seemes, they come home to mens businesse and bosomes. I haue enlarged them, both in number and weight; so that they are indeed a new work. I thought it therefore agreeable to my affection, and obligation to your grace, to prefix your name before them, both in English and in Latine. For I doe conceiue, that the Latine volume of them (being in the vniuersal language) may last as long as bookes last. My Instauration I dedicated to the king: my Historie of Henry the Seventh, (which I haue now also translated into Latine) and my portions of Naturall History, to the prince and these I dedicate to your grace: being of the best fruits, that by the good encrease which God gives to my pen and labours, I could yeeld. God leade your grace by the hand. Your Graces most obliged and faithfull seruant, FR. ST. ALBAN.

Of this edition Lord Bacon sent a copy to the Marquis Fiat. Baconiana, 201.

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