one unit, not quite as the crow flies. The mean breadth of South Australia one unit, Western Australia is slightly more. In conclusion I may add that the summary of distances, given below, was designed to enable one to grasp the general proportions of the countries under consideration, and, just as a survey can be developed from a field-book, to enable one mentally to reconstruct these countries. I have found it of assistance to lay out the distances given, with strips of wood of equal length, for example lucifer-matches, each of which may be regarded as the unit of 750 miles. Summary of distances. Standard-Land's End to Shetland Islands, distance 750 miles. *N.B.-These form a diamond of two equilateral triangles. Countries. Length of Spain and Portugal (Cape | Length of Turkey (Bosphorus to Eastern coast of India Point de Galle to Masulipatam. Masulipatam to Delta of Ganges. Surat to Himalayas. Bombay to Lucknow or Allahabad (approx). Bombay to bay of Bengal (east to west). Calcutta to river Yang-tse-kiang. Calcutta to Chinese frontier (east to west), Chinese frontier (as above) to Hong Kong-Calcutta to Hong Kong 1500 miles (approx). North to south length of Burmah. Bay of Bengal to gulf of Tonquin (through Aracan)-also Rangoon to Hué. Cochin China to Phillipine isles (east to west). Canton to mouth of Yang-tse-kiang (Shanghai). Ningpo to Pechili. Pechili to Japan. Length of Niphon (Japan). North Madagascar to Mauritius. Kimberley to Walfish bay. Cape Town to Mafeking. Cairo to Dongola. East-west breadth of Egypt (at Wady Halfa). White Nile to Zeylah (east to west). Northern boundary of Somaliland. Zeylah to north-coast boundary Uganda. North-coast boundary Uganda to Cape Delgado. Cape Delgado to Beira. Length of Nile (as crow flies) 3 units-of which about 2 units from Mediterranean to Fashoda. East-West breadth of Africa, along S of Orange river North-South length of Africa, North of Tunis to Cameroons 3 units. Cape Town to Port Said. 6 units. " Oceanic. On the Equator Breadth of Pacific Ocean-about 16 units 1/2 Earths circumference S.America - 3 units.8 units-1/4 Atlantic 5 units. " Coast of S. America to West Coast of Africa 2 units (approx). (Diskussion s. Theil I., Nachmittags-Sitzung vom 29. September, Abthig. C.) Gruppe VII. Methodologie, Geogr. Unterricht u. s. w. Vorlage eines gläsernen Himmelsglobus. Der Zweck dieses, für die Schulen berechneten Himmelsglobus ist, eine möglichst naturgetreue Darstellung der täglichen und regelmässigen Erscheinungen des Himmels an verschiedenen Orten der Erde zu geben. Die Erfahrung lehrt, dass der Himmel, im ganzen genommen, scheinbar wie eine gewaltige hohle Kugel erscheint, in deren Mittelpunkt die ebenso kugelförmige Erde gesetzt ist. Darum haben wir in diesem Apparat das scheinbare Himmelsgewölbe durch diese Glaskugel, an welcher die Sterne angegeben 'sind, dargestellt und inmitten derselben diese kleine schwarze Erdkugel koncentrisch eingesetzt. Die Achse, um welche das Himmelsgewölbe sich scheinbar dreht, wird durch diese feine Glasachse angegeben, welche ihre Endpunkte in den Punkten des Glasglobus hat, die den wirklichen Weltpolen entsprechen. (Hier der nördliche, hier der südliche Weltpol.) Um die sogen. mathematische Horizont-Ebene darzustellen, haben wir die Glaskugel mit gefärbtem Wasser halb gefüllt. Die Wasserfläche soll dann die Grenze zwischen |