capacity each, cushioned with sterile absorbent cotton or other cushioning material which will not react with the contents to generate heat. Cushioning material must be in sufficient quantity to completely absorb the contents of the inner container.

(2) Spec. 12B (§ 178.205 of this chapter). Fiberboard boxes with inside containers which must be glass or earthenware, not over one quart capacity each, cushioned with sterile absorbent cotton or other cushioning material which will not react with the contents to generate heat. Cushioning material must be in sufficient quantity to completely absorb the contents of the inner container.

(3) Spec. 1D (§ 178.4 of this chapter). Boxed glass carboy.

(4) Spec. 22C (§ 178.198 of this chapter). Plywood drum as prescribed by § 178.198-2(a) of this chapter, with inside spec. 2T (§ 178.21 of this chapter) polyethylene container.

(5) Spec. 37M (§ 178.134 of this chapter). Cylindrical steel overpack (nonreusable container) with inside spec. 2SL (§ 178.35a of this chapter) polyethylene container not over 30 gallons capacity. Polyethylene container must have a vented closure capable of preventing leakage of liquid contents.

(b) Peracetic acid solutions not exceeding 40 percent strength packed in strong wooden or fiberboard boxes, with not more than one inside glass container not exceeding 1 pint or 1 pound capacity, cushioned with sterile absorbent cotton or other cushioning material which will not react with the contents to generate heat, and with such cushioning material in sufficient quantity to completely absorb the contents of the bottle are exempt from specification packaging, marking other than name of contents, and labeling requirements. Shipments for transportation by highway carriers are exempt also from Part 177 of this chapter, except § 177.817 and Part 397 of this title.

percent in a non-volatile solvent, paramenthane hydroperoxide of strength not exceeding 60 percent in a non-volatile solvent, and tertiary butylisopropyl benzene hydroperoxide of strength not exceeding 60 percent must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 15A, 15B, 15C, 16A, or 19A (§§ 178.168, 178.169, 178.170, 178.185, or 178.190 of this chapter). Wooden boxes with inside containers which must be glass or earthenware, not over 1 gallon each, cushioned with incombustible packing material in sufficient quantity to absorb the contents of the inner container.

(2) Spec. 17E (§ 178.116 of this chapter). Metal drums (single-trip), with interiors so treated that they will be resistant to the contents.

(3) Spec. 103, 103-W, 103A,1 103A-W, 111A60-F-1, 111A60-W-1, 111A100-F-2 or 111A100-W-2 (§§ 179.200, 179.201 of this chapter). Tank cars. Authorized for 90 percent or less cumene hydroperoxide in a nonvolatile solvent, paramenthane hydroperoxide of strength not exceeding 60 percent in a nonvolatile solvent and diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide of strength not exceeding 60 percent in a nonvolatile solvent only. Specs. 103,1 103-W, 111A60-F-1 and 111A60-W-1 tank cars must have bottom outlets effectively sealed from the inside.

(4) Specification MC 310, MC 311, or MC 312 (§ 178.343 of this chapter). Tank motor vehicles. Authorized for paramenthane hydroperoxide of strength not exceeding 60 percent in a nonvolatile solvent only.

[29 F.R. 18709. Dec. 29, 1964, as amended by Order 73, 32 F.R. 3455, Mar. 2, 1967]

§ 173.225 Phosphorus sesquisulfide.

(a) Phosphorus sesquisulfide must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 15A or 15B (§§ 178.168 or 178.169 of this chapter). Wooden boxes with metal inside containers hermetically sealed (soldered) or water-tight metal cans with screw-top closures. Other closures if approved by the Bureau of Explosives will be permitted.

(2) Spec. 6A, 6B, or 6C (§§ 178.97, 178.98, or 178.99 of this chapter). Metal barrels or drums, not over 30 gallons capacity each.

1 Use of existing tank cars authorized, but new construction not authorized.

(3) Spec. 37A or 37B (§ 178.131 or § 178.132 of this chapter). Metal drums (single-trip). Gross weight not over 425 pounds.

173.226 Thorium metal, powdered.

(a) Thorium metal, powdered, must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 15A or 15B (§§ 178.168 or 178.169 of this chapter). Wooden boxes with inside metal containers, tightly and securely closed by push-in covers held in place by soldering at least at four points, or in screw-cap type metal cans. Inside containers must not exceed 10 pounds net each. Gross weight of outside packages must not exceed 75 pounds each.

(b) Thorium metal powder packed in tightly and securely closed metal cans, cushioned with incombustible material in strong outside wooden or fiberboard boxes, and not exceeding 4 ounces net weight in one outside shipping container, is exempt from specification packaging, marking, and labeling requirements, except that marking name of contents on outside container is required for shipments via carrier by water. Shipments for transportation by highway carriers are exempt also from Part 177 of this chapter, except § 177.817 and Part 397 of this title.

§ 173.227 Urea peroxide.

(a) Urea peroxide must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 12B (§178.205 of this chapter). Fiberboard boxes with inside containers which must be rubber or plastic containers not exceeding 4 ounces each. Gross weight not over 65 pounds.

(2) Spec. 21C (§ 178.224 of this chapter). Fiber drums completely coated on the inside with a suitable wax, synthetic coating, or metal foil suitable to the lading: or fiber drums having a metal foil (laminated between two sheets of kraft paper with thermoplastic adhesive) moisture and water barrier wound into the sidewall of the drum and located not more than 2 plies from the interior of drum but not to be wound as the first ply; a metal foil moisture and water barrier must also be present in the fiber or wood heading; exterior of drum sidewall must be protected with a water resistant coating; in addition to the tests prescribed by § 178.224-2 (a), (b), and (c) of this chapter, a drum having been given a 4-foot diagonal bottom chime

drop must, after being emptied, withstand complete immersion of the bottom in 6 inches of water for 4 hours without leakage to the interior. Authorized net weight not over 225 pounds.

(3) Spec. 22A (§ 178.196 of this chapter). Plywood drums with paper bags, spec. 2J (§ 178.28 of this chapter) coated with suitable wax on the inner surface. § 173.228 Zinc ammonium nitrite.

(a) Zinc ammonium nitrite must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 6A, 6B, or 6C (§§ 178.97, 178.98, or 178.99 of this chapter). Metal barrels or drums.

(2) Spec. 17E, 17H, 37A, or 37B (§§ 178.116, 178.118, 178.131, or § 178.132 of this chapter). Metal drums (singletrip). Gross weight not over 300 pounds. § 173.229 Chlorate and borate mixtures or chlorate and magnesium chloride mixtures.

(a) Chlorate and borate mixtures or chlorate and magnesium chloride mixtures containing more than 50 percent chlorate and no other hazardous additives must be packed as follows:

(1) As prescribed in § 173.163.

(b) Chlorate and borate mixtures or chlorate and magnesium chloride mixtures containing no other hazardous additives and containing less than 50 percent chlorate are exempt from specification packaging, marking, and labeling requirements when offered for transportation by rail freight or highway and packed as follows; shipments for transportation by highway carriers are exempt also from Part 177 of this chapter, except § 177.817, and Part 397 of this title:

(1) Tight metal or fiber drums. (2) Wooden boxes with tight inside metal containers.

(3) Multi-wall paper bags, net weight not over 50 pounds, moisture proof and sift proof, and having a strength capable of withstanding four 4-foot drops onto solid concrete.

(4) Strong fiberboard boxes with inside fiber containers having metal tops and bottoms, net weight not over 4 pounds each; gross weight of completed package not over 65 pounds.

(5) Strong fiberboard boxes with not more than 4 inside paper bags spec. 2D (§ 178.23 of this chapter), having net weight not over 10 pounds each.

(c) Chlorate and borate mixtures or chlorate and magnesium chloride mixtures containing 28 percent or less chlorate and no other hazardous additives, are not subject to the regulations in Parts 170-189 and 397 of this title.

§ 173.230 Sodium, metallic, dispersion in organic solvent.

(a) Sodium, metallic, dispersion in organic solvent must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 15A (§ 178.168 of this chapter). Wooden boxes with inside containers which must be metal cans not exceeding one quart capacity, and each such can must be packed in another metal can and cushioned on all sides with at least one inch of incombustible dry nonhygroscopic materia! which is nonreactive with sodium at temperatures encountered during normal transportation. Both the inner and outer metal cans shall be equipped with an airtight closing device secured by positive means (not friction). Gross weight of completed package must not exceed 100 pounds.

(2) Spec. 17H (§ 178.118 of this chapter). Metal drum (single-trip) of not over 55 gallons capacity, with material contained in an inside spec. 17E (§ 178.116 of this chapter) metal drum (single-trip) of not over 30 gallons capacity. The inside drum shall be snugly packed in the outside drum by completely and evenly surrounding it with incombustible dry nonhygroscopic material which is nonreactive with sodium at temperatures encountered during normal transportation.

(3) Spec. 12B (§ 178.205 of this chapter). Fiberboard boxes constructed of at least 375-pound test (Mullen or Cady) solid fiberboard with inside metal cans not exceeding one quart capacity. Each such can must be packed in another metal can and cushioned on all sides with at least one inch of incombustible dry nonhygroscopic material which is nonreactive with sodium at temperatures encountered in normal transportation. Both the inner and outer metal cans shall be equipped with an airtight closing device secured by positive means (not friction) and must be individually nested into a double-faced corrugated partition of at least 200-pound test (Mullen or Cady) which is in turn surrounded on all sides by a peripheral double-walled corrugated liner of at least 200-pound test (Mullen or Cady). Authorized gross weight not over 90 pounds.

(4) Spec. 15A (§ 178.168 of this chapter). Wooden boxes with inside polyethylene bottles not exceeding 1-quart capacity each cushioned on all sides with at least 1-inch soda ash and then placed within an airtight metal can closed by a positive means. Metal cans shall be cushioned so as to prevent movement within the outer box. Solvents used must be compatible with the inner polyethylene bottle. Gross weight of the completed package must not exceed 100 pounds.

[29 F.R. 18709, Dec. 29, 1964, as amended by Order 66, 30 F.R. 5745, Apr. 23, 1965]

§ 173.231 Calcium, metallic, crystalline.

(a) Calcium, metallic, crystalline must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 15A or 15B (§§ 178.168 or 178.169 of this chapter). Wooden boxes with airtight inside metal containers not over 1 gallon capacity each.

(2) Spec. 6A, 6B, or 6C (§§ 178.97, 178.98, or 178.99 of this chapter). Metal barrels or drums, gross weight not over 350 pounds.

(3) Spec. 17C or 17H (§ 178.115 or § 178.118 of this chapter). Metal drums (single-trip), gross weight not over 350 pounds.

§ 173.232 Tank cars containing residual phosphorus.

(a) Tank cars from which phosphorus has been unloaded and from which all residual phosphorus has not been removed by thorough cleaning must be shipped filled with water or an inert gas and must be placarded by the shipper with placards prescribed in § 174.555 of this chapter.

§ 173.233 Nickel catalyst, finely divided, activated or spent.

(a) Nickel catalyst, finely divided, activated or spent must be wet with not less than 40 percent by weight of water or other equally suitable liquid and must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 15A or 15B (§§ 178.168 or 178.169 of this chapter). Wooden boxes with airtight metal inside containers which must have closing device fastened by positive means (not friction); or airtight glass inside containers of not over 1 quart capacity each, securely cushioned in asbestos wool, vermiculite, or equally efficient incombustible cushioning material.

(2) Spec. 12B (§ 178.205 of this chapter). Fiberboard boxes with airtight metal inside containers which must have closing device fastened by positive means (not friction); or airtight glass inside containers of not over 1 quart capacity each, securely cushioned in asbestos wool, vermiculite, or equally efficient incombustible cushioning material.

(3) Spec. 5, 6A, 6B, or 6C (§§ 178.80, 178.97, 178.98, or 178.99 of this chapter) Metal barrels or drums not over 55 gallons capacity each.

(4) Spec. 17H, 37A, or 37B (§ 178.118, § 178.131, or § 178.132 of this chapter). Metal drums (single-trip).

§ 173.234

Sodium nitrite and sodium nitrite mixtures.

(a) Sodium nitrite and sodium nitrite mixtures must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) In containers as prescribed in § 73.154.

(2) Spec. 44C (§ 178.237 of this chapter). Multiwall paper bags constructed of at least 5 thicknesses of heavy duty shipping sack Kraft paper, or equivalent, with a minimum total basis weight of 310 pounds including a polyethylene or other suitable pliable plastic material inner sheet having a minimum basis weight of 10 pounds. All closures must be of such design as to provide a moisture-resistant package when closed for shipment. Net weight not over 100 pounds each. Authorized for carload or

truckload shipments only.

(3) Spec. 21C (§ 178.224 of this chapter). Fiber drums: Authorized net weight not over 400 pounds.

(4) Spec. 37A (§ 178.131 of this chapter). Metal drums constructed of steel having minimum thickness of 24 gauge. Bolted or lever-lock closure rings authorized provided drums withstand test prescribed by § 178.131-11 of this chapter. Authorized gross weight not over 425 pounds.

(5) Sodium nitrite is authorized for shipment in tight sift-proof covered hopper cars. Cars must be thoroughly cleaned before loading.

(6) Tank cars which must be thoroughly cleaned before loading.

§ 173.235 Ammonium bichromate (ammonium dichromate).

(a) Ammonium bichromate (ammonium dichromate) must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) In containers as prescribed in § 173.154.

(2) Spec. 21C (§ 178.224 of this chapter). Fiber drums. Authorized net weight not over 400 pounds.

§ 173.236 Decaborane.

(a) Decaborane must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 6A, 6B or 6C (§§ 178.97, 178.98 or § 178.99 of this chapter). Metal barrels or drums.

(2) Spec. 17C, 17E, 17H, 37A, or 37B (§§ 178.115, 178.116, 178.118, 178.131, or § 178.132 of this chapter). Metal drums (single-trip).

(3) Spec. 12B (§ 178.205 of this chapter). Fiberboard boxes with inside containers which must be metal cans; sliding-lid wooden boxes: fiber cans or boxes, spec. 2G (§ 178.26 of this chapter), not over 5 pounds capacity each; or glass bottles not over 1 pound capacity each. Packages containing glass containers must not weigh over 65 pounds gross. § 173.237 Chlorine dioxide hydrate, frozen.

(a) Chlorine dioxide hydrate, frozen, must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 12B (§ 178.205 of this chapter). Fiberboard boxes. with inside packages of polyethylene or other suitable material. Fiberboard boxes must be reinforced and insulated and sufficient dry ice must be used to maintain the hydrate in a frozen state during transportation. Shipments are authorized for transportation by private or contract carrier by motor vehicle only.

(2) Containers and means of refrigeration providing equal efficiency, when approved by the Bureau of Explosives, are authorized for shipments by private carrier by motor vehicle.

§ 173.238 Aircraft rocket engines (commercial) and/or aircraft rocket engine igniters (commercial).

(a) Aircraft rocket engines (commercial) and/or their igniters may be offered for transportation by rail freight, rail express, highway or water, when of a type approved by the Bureau of Explosives and when packaged and packed as follows:

(1) Spec. 15A, 15B, 15E or 16A (§ 178.168, 178.169, 178.172 or 178.185 of this chapter). Wooden boxes. Igniters must be packaged in sealed metal containers approved by the Bureau of Explosives and packed in wooden boxes as specified above when shipped separately from the Aircraft rocket engines.

(2) Aircraft rocket engines (commercial), when approved by the Bureau of Explosives, may be packed in the same outside shipping container with their separately packaged igniters. Igniters must be packed in separate sealed metal containers in strong inside containers.

(3) Aircraft rocket engines (commercial) and/or their igniters, packed in any other manner than specified in subparagraphs (1) and (2) of this paragraph, must be in containers of a type approved by the Bureau of Explosives.

NOTE 1: For purposes of § 173.238, aircraft rocket engines (commercial) are standby aircraft propulsion engines which are for civil aircraft installation only, comprising a metal case containing a solid composite fuel other than one classified as an explosive and containing no explosive material or element. § 173.239 Barium azide-50 percent or

more water wet.

(a) Barium azide 50 percent or more water wet, must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 15A, 15B, 15C, 16A, or 19A (§§ 178.168, 178.169, 178.170, 178.185, or 178.190 of this chapter). Wooden boxes with inside glass bottles not over one pound capacity each. Bottles shall have rubber stoppers wire tied for securement. If shipment is to take place at a time freezing weather is to be anticipated, a suitable antifreeze solution must be used to prevent freezing.

§ 173.239a Ammonium perchlorate.

(a) Ammonium perchlorate must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) In containers as prescribed in § 173.154.

(2) Spec. 53 (§ 178.247 of this chapter). Aluminum portable tanks. (See §§ 174.534 and 177.834(g) of this chapter for loading and staying requirements.) [Order 66, 30 FR. 5745, Apr. 23, 1965, as amended by Order 71, 81 F.R. 9070, July 1, 1966]

Subpart E-Acids and Other Corrosive Liquids; Definition and Preparation SOURCE: The provisions of this Subpart E appear at 29 F.R. 18725. Dec. 29, 1964, unless otherwise noted. Redesignated at 32 F.R. 5606, Apr. 5, 1967. § 173.240

Acids and other corrosive liquids; definition.

(a) Corrosive liquids for the purpose of Parts 170-189 of this chapter are those acids, alkaline caustic liquids and other

corrosive liquids which, when in contact with living tissue, will cause severe damage of such tissue, by chemical action; or in case of leakage, will materially damage or destroy other freight by chemical action; or are liable to cause fire when in contact with organic matter or with certain chemicals.

EDITORIAL NOTE: Order 41, 24 FR. 10111, Dec. 15, 1959, effective Feb. 28, 1960, amended § 173.240(a). Subsequently, Order 41A, 25 F.R. 217, Jan. 12, 1961, provided for the postponement of the effective date of the provisions of Order 41, pending further order of the Commission and provided that, in the meantime, the former provisions of § 173.240 (a) as set forth above remained in effect. § 173.241

Outage.

(a) Outage for containers of acids or other corrosive liquids for transportation by carriers by rail freight, rail express, highway, or water, must be as follows:

(1) The proper vacant space (outage) in a tank car or other shipping container depends on the coefficient of expansion of the liquid and the maximum increase of temperature to which it will be subjected in transit. Outage must be calculated to the total capacity of the container.

(2) Outage requirements for containers other than tank cars, cargo tanks and portable tanks. Containers must not be entirely filled. Sufficient interior space must be left vacant to prevent leakage or distortion of containers due to the expansion of the contents from increase of temperature during transit.

(3) Outage requirements for tank cars. In tank cars, outage must be calculated to percentage of the total capacity of the tank, i. e., shell and dome capacity combined. If the dome of the tank car does not provide sufficient outage, then vacant space must be left in the shell to make up the required outage. The outage for tank cars must be not less than 1 percent.

(4) Outage requirements for cargo tanks or portable tanks. No cargo tank or portable tank or compartment thereof used for the transportation of any acid or other corrosive liquid shall be completely filled. The outage for cargo tanks and portable tanks must be not less than 2 percent.

§ 173.242 Bottles containing acid or other corrosive liquids.

(a) Bottles containing acid or other corrosive liquids, as defined by § 173.240, must not be packed in the same outside