Technology is an essential element of success in aviation, both civil and military. Breakthroughs in performance have always been the sought-after goal that could change the outcome in air warfare situations or commerical competitions. The United States is preeminent in both areas today largely because unheralded researchers in NASA and DOD laboratories, working with small amounts of money, have found those breakthroughs. Revolutionary advances such as the area rule for supersonic flight, the tilt rotor and the prop fan have profoundly changed aviation. Yet the basic work that led to the ideas was achieved at a very low cost.

The Committee felt the level of basic aeronautical research must be enhanced substantially if the trends in world aviation trade are to be reversed. Accordingly, it recommended a $20,000,000 augmentation to the Research and Technology Base, to be applied to basic research in aerodynamics, propulsion, materials and structures, and controls and guidance. Within this amount, $2,000,000 is earmarked for general aviation rotary engine research. The Committee is interested in recent advances in the two-stroke rotary vee engine and believes the engine may have the potential to provide greater power-to-weight efficiencies than conventional rotary engines. The Committee directed NASA to conduct a technical assessment of rotary vee engine performance and possible applications of high temperature ceramics to rotary vee engine design. The Committee recommended $250,000 for rotary vee engine activities in FY 1988. In addition, $2,000,000 was recommended to augment the High Angle of Attack System Technology Program and $2,000,000 million to augment the engine hot section work under the Advanced High Temperature Engine Materials Systems Technology Program. The total recommended authorization was $399,000,000. Transatmospheric Research and Technology

NASA requested $66,000,000 for Transatmospheric Research and Technology. This amount is NASA's contribution to a joint NASA/ DOD research project to develop the technology for and prove the feasibility of an aerospace plane, capable of extended hypersonic cruise in the upper atmosphere or single-stage-to-orbit operation. The Committee recommended the request. Furthermore, the Committee recommended earmarking $2,000,000 of the funds authorized to perform studies aimed at eventual civil applications.

Legislative History

H.R. 1741 was introduced on March 19, 1987 by Chairman Roe (by request, Executive Communication 938), and referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. On March 31, 1987, it was referred jointly to the Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications and the Subcommittee on Transportation, Aviation and Materials. On April 29, 1987, the Subcommittee on Transportation, Aviation and Materials marked up the Aeronautical section of the bill and ordered the bill forwarded, with amendments, to the Full Committee. On May 12, 1987, the Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications held its first markup on the bill. On June 24, 1987, the Subcommittee held a second markup and ordered a clean bill, incorporating actions of the Subcommittee on Transportation, Aviation and Materials and reflecting the recommendations

of the Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications, to be introduced for Committee consideration.

Prior to introduction of the NASA Authorization legislation, the Full Committee met on February 5, 1987, to conduct a posture hearing at which the Administrator of NASA testified in support of the proposed NASA budget. Additional hearings were held by the Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications on February 24, 25; March 3, 5, 10, 11, 18, 31; April 8; and May 6, 1987. The Subcommittee on Transportation Aviation and Materials held hearings on March 10, 1987, and jointly with the Subcommittee on Research and Development of the Committee on Armed Services on March 11, 1987.

On June 25, 1987, H.R. 2782 was introduced by Mr. Roe. The Full Committee met to markup the bill on June 26, 1987, and on that date, the Committee ordered the bill reported with an amendment. On July 7, 1987, the Committee report was filed in the House (H. Rept. 100-204). A hearing before the Committee on Rules took place on July 8, 1987, at which a one-hour, open rule was granted. H.R. 2782 was considered by the House on July 9, 1987. The House agreed to the Committee amendment, as amended by the Mineta substitute amendment, that strikes language on the use of the Space Station; the Lujan amendment that directs NASA to review and report to Congress on a plan to ensure participation of qualified individuals from outside NASA and the military in filling mission specialist astronaut positions; the Torricelli amendment that clarifies provisions relating to procurement competition in the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor program; the Traficant amendment that changes the percentage difference between bids submitted by foreign and domestic firms from 5 to 10 percent in language defining when the Administrator must award contracts to domestic firms; and the Smith of New Hampshire amendment that strikes language requiring that the positions of Administrator and Deputy Administrator not be occupied by retired commissioned officers of the Armed Forces unless a period of ten years has passed since active duty, agreed to by the roll call vote (No. 251) of 268 ayes to 135 nays. The amendment offered by Mr. Morrison of Connecticut that sought to set a cap on the total authorization at $9.267 billion was rejected by the roll call vote of 148 ayes to 257 nays (No. 252). On July 10, 1987, H.R. 2782 passed the Senate, after striking all after the enacting clause and inserting in lieu thereof the text of S. 1164, the Senate companion measure. On October 8, 1987, the House agreed to the amendment of the Senate with an amendment; clearing the measure for further Senate action. On October 13, 1987, the Senate concurred in the amendment of the House to the Senate amendment, clearing the measure for the President.

H.R. 2782 was signed by the President on October 30, 1987, becoming Public Law 100-147. Committee Publication Numbers 10020, Volume I, 100–25 (TAM); 100-35, Volume II, 100-43, Volume III (SSA); H. Rept. 100-204.

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1.3-PUBLIC LAW 100-203, THE OMNIBUS RECONCILIATION AMENDS THE NUCLEAR WASTE POLICY ACT OF 1982) (H.

To provide for reconciliation pursuant to section 4 of rent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 1988.

The Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1987 substantia the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (Public Law 97-4 rowing nuclear waste repository siting efforts from th one site, in Nevada; by authorizing a Monitored Retrie age Facility (MRS); by authorizing a Federal negotia states or tribes to volunteer as a site for a repository facility; and by authorizing incentive payments to any state or tribe. The reforms adopted by the Congress were with the recommendations of the Committee's Subcor Energy Research and Development in its markup of th Department of Energy budget in March, 1987. Additiona centive payment provisions are similar to the provisions the Committee in 1981 in the bill H.R. 5016, "To establi al policy with respect to the disposal of high-level radioa from civilian nuclear activities, to provide for the const eration, and maintenance of waste disposal facilities, to a program of nuclear waste and spent fuel research a ment, ", which led to the Nuclear Waste Policy A

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Legislative History

On December 11, 1987, the House agreed to a conferen 3545 and on the 15th of December conferees were appo the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, for ation of section 2002 (insofar as that section would ad tions 403(i) and 410 to the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of and 2008 of the Senate amendment, and modifications to conference. The conference report was filed in the agreed to by the House on December 21, 1987 (H. Rept The Senate agreed to the conference report on Decembe H.R. 3545 was signed by the President on December 22 coming Public Law 100-203.

1.4-PUBLIC LAW 100-204, FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORIZ FISCAL YEARS 1988 AND 1989 (TITLE IX, SECTIONS 11013497, H.R. 1777, S. 1394)

To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 1988 and 13 Department of State, the United States Information A Voice of America, the Board for International Broadca for other purposes.

Summary and Background of Legislation

October 8, 1987, H.R. 1777, the Foreign Relations Aut Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989, passed the Senate cont language of S. 1394, which in Title IV creates a Globa Task Force to determine and supervise the research neces coordinated national strategy on global climate, to devel strategy, and to initiate implementation of such strateg cally and internationally, essentially contains the pro H.R. 3497, a bill referred to the Committee on Science, S

Technology. On the basis of this provision, the Committee requested that conferees be appointed to the conference on H.R. 1777, as amended, for consideration of the provisions of H.R. 3497 incorporated therein.

Members of the Committee participated as conferees on Title XI, Global Climate Protection, of the Senate-passed version of H.R. 1777. Title XI fosters development of policy responses to climate change by directing the President, through the Environmental Protection Agency, to propose to Congress a coordinated national policy on global climate change and by directing the Department of State to coordinate U.S. policy through the channels of multi-lateral discussions and negotiation. Title XI is meant to complement, rather than change, existing interagency and international arrangements for research on global climate change.

Legislative History

A conference report was filed in the House on December 14, 1987, (H. Rept. 100-475), incorporating as Title XI, sections 11011106, the provisions of the Global Climate Protection Act of 1987 (H.R. 3497). The provisions seek to research the problems of global warming (the greenhouse effect), climate change, and to promote, through the United Nations system, the designation of an International Year of Global Climate Protection. The conference reportwas approved by the House on December 15, 1987, and by the Senate on December 16, 1987. The measure was signed by the President on December 22, 1987, becoming Public Law 100-204.

1.5-PUBLIC LAW 100-223, AIRPORT AND AIRWAY SAFETY AND CAPACITY EXPANSION ACT OF 1987 (H.R. 2310, S. 1184, H.R. 1517)

To amend the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 for the purpose of extending the authorization of appropriations for airport and airway improvements, and for other purposes.

Summary and Background of Legislation

The Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 ended its fiveyear authorization with Fiscal Year 1987. The Committee extended the authorization for a two-year period.

The FAA requested a total of $150,000,000 for Research, Engineering and Development for Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989. The Committee felt these requests were inadequate to the task at hand and recommended an authorization of $201,005,000 for Fiscal Year 1988 and $215,000,000 for Fiscal Year 1989.

The major portion of the FAA's requested funds are for front-end development costs to support the National Airspace System (NAS) Plan which began in 1982 as a response to H.Res. 202, to develop and implement a long-range program to modernize and increase the capacity and reliability of the enroute and terminal Air Traffic Control (ATC) system through advanced technology. The bulk of the NAS Plan has passed the research and technology development stage and is beyond the Committee's jurisdiction except for a sustaining effort for the plan that is reflected in the Administration's request.

The $150,000,000 annual levels for 1988 and 1989 are only about 70% of previous forecasts of the need for these years. In spite of an increasing unspent balance in the Trust Fund (some $9 billion), budgetary constraints of the last several years have caused the postponement or elimination of many advanced concept studies. This year's request further delays several advanced research needs. The Committee felt that to abandon the advanced research necessary to sustain the growth afforded by the NAS plan and for the requirements of the post-NAS-Plan period would be tantamount to legislating a future crisis in the ability of the ATC system to meet 21st century requirements.

The Committee recommended an augmentation of $51.005 million, to be applied as follows: (1) separation standards, advanced navigation, user preferred trajectories, dynamic use airspace, oceanic traffic management, low altitude surveillance, NAS development studies, advanced concepts, AERA 3, advanced traffic management systems, terminal ATC automation, automatic dependent surveillance [$9.244 million]; (2) beacon surveillance enhancements [$2.7 million]; (3) communications data link, rotorcraft communications, future communications regulation and architecture, VSCS [$13.872 million]; (4) airport safety support, planning, all-weather taxi guidance, surface visual control, aircraft takeoff/landing advances [$1.5 million]; (5) flight service station enhancements [$.6 million]; (6) terminal tower control experimentation and development [$1.6 million]; (7) controller human factors, satellite technology, voice data entry, CADM flow management and ATC techniques, advanced wind shear sensor development [$5.056 million]; (8) rotorcraft support, SBIR [$3.646 million]; (9) navigation systems engineering, utilization of civil GPS, helicopter IFR operational evaluation, navigation enhancements [$2.4 million]; (10) flight crew human factors, precision approach engineering [$.758 million]; (11) weather research, centralized Wx information processing, low level. wind shear detection, advanced weather devices and sensors, weather sensor enhancements [$3.251 million]; (12) aviation medicine R&D [$2.015 million]; (13) cabin fire safety, regulatory support, propulsion, transport/helicopter crashworthiness, flight safety [$3.550 million]. Of the amount added for Aircraft Safety ($3.55 million), $1.2 million is authorized for increased research in fire safety studies. The increase in research is being directed toward studies of new fire resistant materials used in aircraft interiors and for studies to reduce the toxicity of smoke resulting from interior aircraft fires; (14) environment and noise reduction [$.813 million].

The total authorization for Fiscal Year 1988 is $201,005,000; for Fiscal Year 1989, $215,000,000.

Legislative History

H.R. 2310 was introduced May 7, 1987 and jointly referred to the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, and Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. The Science, Space, and Technology Committee, on May 8, 1987, referred the bill to the Subcommittee on Transportation, Aviation and Materials (TAM).

On March 24, 25, and April 23, 1987, the TAM Subcommittee held hearings on the FAA's FY 1988 Research, Engineering and Development budget request. On April 29, 1987, TAM, considered,