appropriations for administration. Such change would insure the benefit of the usual budgetary and appropriation procedures.

Sincerely yours,

JOSEPH CAMPBELL,

Comptroller General of the United States.

Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Morris, a member of this committee and one of the authors of the bills discussed, is unable to be here this morning because he was called out of town. However, he has submitted his statement. Without objection, that statement will be included in the record as if read.

(Mr. Morris' statement follows:)

STATEMENT OF HON. THOMAS G. MORRIS, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

Mr. MORRIS. The purpose of this bill is to promote research, investigations, and experiments in fields related to water, so as to assist in development of new knowledge and techniques which will permit the Nation's needs for water and water related activities to be met in the future in the most economical way.

Demands for water in the United States are increasing more rapidly than the population. Meeting these demands will require a much higher degree of effort henceforth, than in the past. The magnitude of the effort that will be required is so great that it behooves us to develop new techniques for developing, conserving, and utilizing water resources so as to make it possible to meet needs in the most efficient and economical way. The bill proposes to attack this problem through making funds available for research at colleges and universities in all parts of the United States. A corollary purpose which would be achieved through this bill would be to stimulate the education and training of scientists in fields related to water through strengthening graduate schools at colleges and universities by making research funds available.

BACKGROUND

The idea of this bill stems from the report of the Senate Select Committee on National Water Resources, which in January 1961 recommended that the Federal Government should undertake a coordinated scientific research program on all aspects of water use and control as one means of assuring that the Nation's needs for water and water-related activities can be met in the most economical way (S. Rept. No. 29, 87th Cong., Jan. 30, 1961, p. 18). Rather than carrying out this research program by expansion of direct Federal research, with construction of Federal laboratories and attendant increase of Federal expenditures for personnel and equipment, the approach taken by H.R. 2683 is to have the work carried out in the State colleges and universities and other existing institutions of higher learning. This recognizes that all wisdom is not centered in Washington and that problems in the several regions and in the different parts of the country are different and need to be approached from a regional or State viewpoint in many instances.

More recent support for the general approach provided by this bill is given in a report of the Federal Council for Science and Technology,

transmitted to the Congress by the President on February 18, 1963. While the primary information contained in this report is a survey of existing and proposed Federal water research, the report makes it clear that one of the most pressing problems in the whole field of water resources is the development and training of personnel to take care of the expanded water resources job in the future. The report suggests that this can best be stimulated by making Federal grants available to competent universities and other centers of competence in water research fields for research and training. The funds made available for research will make it possible to train a large group of graduate students who will be in a position to move into the positions of responsibility requiring technical knowledge of the water related fields.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BILL

Following a general statement of congressional policy and purpose, the bill has three titles.

Title I would authorize funds for support of State water resources research institutes or centers at a college or university in each State and Puerto Rico, for the purpose of establishing a collegewide or universitywide water resources research institute center or equivalent agency. Additional appropriations are authorized for grants to the water resources research institutes or centers to match on a dollar-fordollar basis the funds made available by the State or other non-Federal sources for the purpose of paying necessary expenses of water resources research projects which could not otherwise be undertaken. Title I is patterned after the Hatch Act of 1887 which has proven so effective in establishing and supporting the agricultural experiment stations at the land-grant colleges.

Title II provides an additional amount for grants or contracts for research into any aspects of water problems related to the mission of the Department of the Interior which are deemed desirable and are not otherwise being studied. These grants could be made to educational institutions, private foundations or other institutions or to private firms and individuals, and Government agencies, and not necessarily to the State water resources research institutes or centers of title I.

Title III authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to arrange for regular advice and cooperation of all agencies of the Federal Government concerned with water problems, and of State and local governments and of private institutions and individuals, to assure the coordination of the programs which would be authorized by this bill with established water research programs. Provisions governing the establishment of a Water Resources Service in the Department of the Interior are included, together with other details of administration.

AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS

The bill would authorize appropriations of $9,825,000 in the first year, increasing in periodic steps to $20,100,000 a year in the sixth year after the initial year of operation and thereafter. Additional amounts of matching State or other non-Federal funds would be required to be made available, ranging from $1 million in the first year

to $5 million a year in the fifth and subsequent years. The Secretary of the Interior would be authorized to spend up to 4 percent of the funds appropriated for the purpose of administering the programs. This would range from a little less than $400,000 in the first year of operation to a little more than $800,000 a year from the sixth year of operation on.

NEED FOR THE BILL

In our complex modern society, research has become the foundation. for progress. Expenditures for the facilities we need to conserve, develop, and use water, to maintain and improve its quality, and otherwise to satisfy the myriad use of water are increasing, year by year. Estimates have been made that the cost of all the facilities needed to deal with water in the United States over the next several decades will run to $10 billion a year. No accurate measure of the amount that is spent annually on research on water is available, but it is likely that it is considerably less than 1 percent of the total cost of facilities, since Federal expenditures, which are a large part of the total, were estimated in the fiscal year 1964 budget message at $46.7 million in the 1962 and $66.8 million in the 1963 fiscal year. A further increase, to $76.8 million, is proposed for fiscal year 1964. These estimates include work classified as surveys, and also funds for pilot plants and demonstration work, so that in all likelihood the actual amounts for research are considerably less.

In contrast to these meager research expenditures, some growing chemical and electronic industrial corporations are spending up to 10 percent of gross receipts on research into new products and improvements of existing products. In a more closely related field, Federal highway legislation calls for a minimum of 12 percent of all Federal highway funds to be spent on research, and permits an additional one-half percent of the funds for primary, secondary, and urban roads to be so expended.

It seems essential that funds for research in water resources related fields be increased if the intensified water problems brought about by the Nation's growing demands for water and water-related activities are to be met. A section-by-section descriptive analysis of H.R. 2683 follows.

SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS

The enacting paragraph declares the policy and purpose of Congress to assure an abundance of water, both as to quantity and quality, and to help achieve this objective, to stimulate research, investigations, and experimentation in the field of water and related resources, supplementing present programs, and to encourage the training of scientists in fields related to water through assistance to colleges and universities.

TITLE I. STATE WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTES OR CENTERS

Section 100 (a) authorizes payment of a sum, starting at $75,000 in 1964 and increasing in 2 years to $100,000 annually, to a land-grant college, State university, or other institution of higher education in each State to establish a water resources research institute, or center, to do competent research, investigations, or experiments, either basic or practical in nature, in the broad field of water and related resources,

having due regard to work being done by others, and avoiding undue displacement of scientists and engineers elsewhere engaged in water resources research.

Section 100 (b) authorizes an additional $1 million appropriation in 1964, increasing $1 million annually for 4 years to $5 million in fiscal year 1968 and thereafter, to match, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, funds made available to the State institutes or centers by the States or other non-Federal sources for water research projects that could not otherwise be undertaken.

Section 101 makes provision for payment of the sums to institutions designated by the States, for reports or disbursements, and for recovery of any funds improperly diminished, lost, and misapplied.

Section 102 authorizes use of funds appropriated under the act for printing and disseminating results of research, retirement of employees, administration, purchase and rental of land, and provision of buildings. It also authorizes two or more resources institutes or agencies to plan and conduct research projects cooperatively and authorizes two or more States to designate a single interstate or regional institute or center.

Section 103 extends the mailing privilege of Federal agencies to the official mailings by the research centers or institutes under regulations prescribed by the Postmaster General.

Section 104 charges the Secretary of the Interior with responsibility for the administration of programs under the act, issuance of necessary rules and regulations, and advising and assisting the State water resources research agencies in their work and in coordinating their efforts. He shall indicate research that seems most important, and assist in maintenance of cooperation between the State research centers, and between the State agencies and Federal agencies. The Secretary is directed to determine the eligibility of each State to receive funds under section 100 (a) by July 1 each year, and to make an annual report to Congress on the receipts, expenditures, and work of the agencies in all States.

Section 105 provides that nothing in the act shall modify or impair the legal relations between any of the colleges or universities and their State governments and authorizes the State legislatures to direct the division of section 100 (a) funds to which the State is entitled between two or more institutions. It provides further that if two or more States designate a single interstate or regional center, the funds to which each State is entitled under section 100 (a) shall be paid to the agency designated.

TITLE II. ADDITIONAL WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH PROGRAMS

Section 200 authorizes appropriation of $5 million to the Secretary of the Interior in 1964, increasing $1 million a year for 5 years and continuing at $10 million annually thereafter, for the purpose of making grants, contracts, matching, or other arrangements with educational institutions, private foundations or other institutions, private firms, or individuals, or with local, State, and Federal agencies, to undertake research in water resources problems related to the mission of the Interior Department. The allocation of these funds is not restricted to the centers or institutes established under title I, but the research must be deemed desirable by the Secretary, and must not otherwise be under study.

TITLE III. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 300 directs the Secretary of the Interior to arrange for the regular advice and cooperation of all agencies of the Federal Government concerned with water problems, and of State and local governments and private institutions and individuals, to assure that work conducted under this bill will not duplicate established water research programs; to stimulate work in otherwise neglected fields; and to contribute to a comprehensive, nationwide program of water and related resources research. The Secretary is directed to disseminate reports and information on activities under the act and to maintain a broad catalog of Federal water resource research projects, and investigations in progress or scheduled, together with such non-Federal projects as are voluntarily reported to him. The President would be authorized to transfer the cataloging function to another agency if a central or general system of cataloging research is established.

Section 301 provides that nothing in the act is to be construed as giving the Secretary of the Interior authority or surveillance over water resources research conducted by any other agency of the Federal Government or as repealing, superseding, or diminishing existing water research authorities or responsibilities of other Federal agencies. Section 302 authorizes establishment of a Water Resources Service in the Department of the Interior to administer programs authorized in the act.

Section 303 authorizes use of not more than 4 percent of funds appropriated under the act for administration, the employment of a Director of the Water Resources Service at grade 18, and if necessary, to obtain competent personnel, to employ not to exceed 5 employees above civil service grade 15 in addition to the number otherwise authorized by law.

Section 304 authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to make advance payments for the undertaking of water resources research work when such payments are necessary to facilitate such research.

Section 305 provides that within not more than a year after the fifth year of operation under the bill, the Secretary of the Interior shall make a comprehensive review and appraisal of progress and accomplishments under the act and submit it to the President for transmittal to Congress together with his recommendations on revisions of the act with the independent views and recommendations of governing authorities of the State colleges and universities on desirable revisions. Section 306 authorizes use of the title "Water Resources Research Act."

Mr. ROGERS. We also have a statement from Representative Reifel which without objection will be inserted in the record as if read. There being no objection, it is so ordered.

(Mr. Reifel's statement follows:)

STATEMENT OF HON. BEN REIFEL, A REPRESENTATIVE IN
CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA

In South Dakota we have come to realize the important role which water can play in the economic development of an area.

Since our earliest history, water has been the principal factor in the economic growth and continued opportunity for our citizens. Water