state between the two; and then also we no less fail of the proposed object, that is, establishing the equal validity of both ele

ments.

Whoever has followed our exhibition of the doctrine will, in the first place, find that what Schleiermacher says of the way in which we are to conceive of the relation of the nature and the persons of the Godhead, is not exactly correct. On the one hand all are unquestionably agreed in this, that the relation of a generic notion to the individuals embraced under it, does indeed give us an analogy, but yet only an analogy, and the entire difference which also exists between the two things ought not to be left out of sight. On the other hand, those theologians who have gone into a further illustration of this point, have given us another type of this relation, the analogy derived from our own souls, elevated to a state of clear self-consciousness. Accordingly, the inference which is drawn from the antagonism of nominalistic and realistic views, as to the necessity of the subordination either of the unity or of the triplicity, is of very questionable validity. In the second place, we believe that we have also shown, that this fluctuation between the one and the three, or rather, between those elements of consciousness in which the unity and those in which the triplicity preponderates, is not of so objectionable a character, that it must at any rate be set aside. We should rather say, that the equalization which is claimed for these two elements, is reached by their both appearing as necessary; and that the only thing which conflicts with this equality, is a theory in which the unity is supplanted by the threeness, or the latter by the former; or in which the subordination of the one or the other, is maintained as perfectly satisfactory, needing no completion through the antagonism of the elements-which of course entirely excludes the equal validity of the two.

Moreover, I cannot concede that the doctrine of the church is really inclined to lay more stress upon the persons than upon the unity of nature; I rather believe, that if the contest could be resumed where it stood before the rejection of Sabellianism, nothing more could be conceded to the latter than is contained in the doctrine of the church, without involving us in the most decided contradiction with the Holy Scriptures.

[To be continued.]

England and Scotland. A second edition of Elliott's Horae Apocalypticae has just appeared in four large octavo volumes of two thousand pages. So great is its popularity, that a large part of the edition had been sold at a high price sometime previously to its appearance. The author is a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and a most decided anti-Tractarian. To such an extent is this feeling carried, that he sees in the rise and spread of Tractarianism, an evident fulfilment of an important part of the Revelation. To the same cause is to be attributed a part of the popularity of the work. Another cause is said to be the attractive and highly poetical quality of the style. It may also be mentioned, that there has been for many years a strong tendency in the evangelical part of the ministry of the establishment, to affix a literal interpretation to the prophetical Scriptures. Premillennial theories and the literal return of the Jews are embraced by many.-Rev.Dr.Wardlaw of Glasgow is preparing a new edition of his work on Baptism, in opposition to the views and practice of those who baptize the children of parents neither of whom is a professor of religion—a practice which is said to be nearly universal among the English Congregationalists.-Rev. John Wilson, D. D., for many years missionary at Bombay, now on a visit at his home in Scotland, has in press a work on Palestine. On his return from the East he spent six months in researches at the Red Sea, Mount Sinai, Petra, Palestine, etc., extending his journies to Baalbec and Aleppo. The work is largely illustrated by drawings. The personal narrative is separated from the scientific researches, the latter forming a separate portion of each chapter or section. Dr. Wilson has collected a large and very valuable museum, as it may be called, of oriental books, MSS., coins, shells, minerals, etc., from Palestine, Arabia, Egypt and India. His Researches will be published in five or six months. Just before he left India he published a volume, entitled, "The Pársí Religion, as contained in the ZandAvastá, and propounded and defended by the Zorastrians of India and Persia, unfolded, refuted, and contrasted with Christianity." The production exhibits multifarious learning, and produced quite a sensation among the population to whom it was addressed. Dr. Wilson is president of the Bombay branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.-The Biblical Cabinet, published for several years by Mr. Thomas Clark of Edinburgh, is now complete in forty-six volumes. The set may be procured for

about forty-five dollars, the original price having been about sixty-five. The works in this series written or translated in the United States, are Stuart's Greek Syntax; Tholuck's Sermons, with his Life and Character of Paul, and Nature and Moral Influence of Heathenism; Researches in Palestine by Smith and Wolcott; and Robbins's translation of Hengstenberg on the Books of Moses illustrated by the Monuments of Egypt. Mr. Clark has lately commenced a new series under the title of the Foreign Theological Library. It is published in a handsome, octavo form, at £1 for four volumes yearly. The first work in the series, two volumes of which are published, is Hengstenberg's Commentary on the Psalms. It is to be hoped that competent translators will be selected, so that the English version may be both faithful and readable. In the volumes of the Biblical Cabinet there is great diversity in the style of translation. Among the volumes of the Foreign Library in the press or in immediate preparation, are Hagenbach's Dogmengeschichte, Hävernick's Introduction to the Old Testament, and a translation of a new edition of Gieseler's Church History.-A valuable contribution has been made to our knowledge of central Asia, by the translation of Baron Hügel's Travels in Cashmire and the adjacent regions. The translator, Major T. B. Servis, has added valuable illustrative Notes, and a map constructed by Arrowsmith.

Five libraries in Great Britain receive a copy each of all the publications which are entered at Stationers' Hall. These are the British Museum, the Bodleian library at Oxford, the University library at Cambridge, Trinity College, Dublin, and the Advocate's library at Cambridge. Some other libraries, that formerly enjoyed this privilege, now receive a stipulated sum of money from government, in some cases £600 per annum. It seems to be regarded in certain respects rather as a burden than a favor. It fills a library, e. g. the Bodleian, with worthless trash, or with books wholly foreign to the objects of a university, when already the library is greatly straitened for want of room. Indeed the wish has been sometimes expressed that no more benefactions might be made to the university in the shape of books or of money limited to that object. Some of the single colleges, as Christ Church and All Souls, have noble collections of books, in fine preservation and exhibited to great advantage. The Bodleian is in want of a new building both for the safe keeping and adequate exhibition of its inestimably precious stores. The number of volumes in its library is between 400,000 and 500,000. One of the noblest spectacles in London is the hall in the British Museum, which contains the library collected by George III. and presented to the Museum by George IV. The proportions of the room are in admirable keeping, while the binding of the books is in a style of regal luxury. It will grat

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ify our readers to learn that the Museum have ordered the purchase of every American book and publication of every kind, which can be procured, including pamphlets, sermons, school-books, childrens' books, etc. -A very extensive trade in old books is carried on in London. There are many book-collectors in the employment of persons in the old world and new, who are smitten with bibliomania, or who are collecting large libraries with the intention of bequeathing them to some public institution. These collectors are ready to seize on any treasure the moment it comes into the market, so that it often requires no little adroitness and promptitude to secure an old book for which one is in pursuit. The price of a work is generally according to its age; sometimes, to the fact of its having the autograph of some distinguished author. For example, it is now extremely difficult to procure the autograph of Sir Walter Scott. Any volume with his name written in it would be eagerly purchased. His fine library at Abbotsford, consisting of 15,000 volumes, a catalogue of which in two volumes has been lately published, will remain unembarrassed and undisturbed as the property of his heirs.-It has almost come to be a regular trade in London to supply with the pen a deficient title page or any number of leaves in a volume, where a perfect copy can be found, and in such a manner that the supplied part is not easily detected.

The Dissenting academies in England and Wales combine, as is well known, classical and theological education, with the exception of those in London and its vicinity. The students connected with the academies in or near the metropolis, now pursue the study of the arts and sciences in the London University, where, on examination, they receive a degree. This arrangement appears to give great satisfaction to the Dissenters, and in a measure removes the disabilities under which they have long most unjustly labored, by their exclusion from the two principal universities. The number of these academies is thought by many of their patrons to be much too large. Thus there are in or near London the institution at Cheshunt, Highbury, Homerton, and Coward College (the latter the descendent of Dr. Dodddridge's seminary at Northampton). There is one at Birmingham, one at Manchester, one near Sheffield, etc. By the building of railways in every direction, much of the supposed necessity for some of these institutions has been taken away. Birmingham e. g. is only three or four hours from Manchester. Still it is found to be very difficult to amalgamate them. In some cases local feelings and prejudices in favor of particular institutions are very strong. In other instances legal difficulties stand in the way. It is also argued that a number of institutions scattered over the kingdom, afford to the students greater facilities for preaching, opportunities being allowed them

almost throughout the entire course to supply the pulpits of vacant churches, and many of them needing the pecuniary aid thus furnished. Still, the expense of supporting so many seminaries is by no means small. Thus at one of those institutions, where there are not more than ten or fifteen students, the salaries of the professors amount to five or six thousand dollars. The Lancashire Independent College near Manchester has one of the most elegant and convenient buildings for educational purposes that we have ever seen. The grounds around it are laid out with a taste and beauty which contrast strongly with the uncouthness and ill-favoredness, in which so many American seminaries seem to glory. Drs. Vaughan and Davidson are the teachers at this seminary. The Free Church of Scotland have laid the corner stone of their new college on the mound which connects the old tower of Edinburgh with the new. It is to be constituted on such a plan as to render it a complete edifice, though it should proceed no further than to furnish accommodation for a theological faculty and the related branches of Logic and Ethics; but capable of extension, should it be necessary to add a complete faculty of arts. On this matter there is much difference of opinion among the members of the church, some contending that it is altogether preferable that the students of the Free Church should acquire their scientific education in the old universities, where they would be brought into healthful contact with the members of other denominations. The professors of the new college are, Rev. Drs. Chalmers, Cunningham, Duncan, Black and Buchanan, and Rev. Alexander Fraser lately appointed professor of Logic. On the 18th of May, the foundation of a monument to John Knox was laid-a building to contain churches and schools both for Lowlanders and Highlanders. The United Secession Church are about to erect a building for their theological seminary, which is under the able superintendence of Rev. John Brown, D. D., and Rev. James Harper, D. D.

The influence of the example and writings of Dr. Arnold continues to be felt in the public schools of England. Dr. Tait, a Scotchman, now master of Rugby, is understood to enter into the spirit and plans of his lamented predecessor. A pupil of Dr. Arnold has been appointed master of Harrow. Even Eton and Westminster, it is intimated, have felt in some degree the new influence.-Dr. Leonard Schmitz, editor of the Classical Museum and translator of Niebuhr's Lectures on Roman History, has been lately chosen rector of the High School at Edinburgh-a post filled for many years by Dr. Alexander Adam and Prof. Pillars. This selection augurs well for the interests of classical literature in Edinburgh and Scotland, Schmitz being a graduate of the university of Bonn and an accomplished classical scholar. His colleague in the editorship of the Museum, Dr. William Smith, is classical teacher at Homerton and