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INDEX

Agoncillo, Felipe, Filipino representative abroad: proposes treaty with United
States, 385; letter to Peace Commission, 405; correspondence with
Aguinaldo, 418.
Aguinaldo, Emilio: insurrection of 1896, 193; negotiations with Primo de
Rivera, 199; signs pact of Biak-na-bató, 201; withdraws to Hong Kong,
204; care of the money, 205, 207; conversations with Pratt, 389; re-
turns to Hong Kong, 390; report to Junta, 410-413; taken to Cavite,
414; meeting with Dewey, 405-414; claim of promise of independence,
404, 405, 413; proclaims a civil government, 396; his policy, 416-418;
negotiates for peace, 475-478; abandoned by conservatives, 478; rela-
tions with Luna, 478 note; disappears in mountains, 526; captured by
Funston, 526; oath of allegiance and proclamation, 526; his influence
and character, 382, 383.

"Alcalde-Mayor, a provincial governor, 220.

Alexander VI, the demarcation bulls, 137, 138.
Ammunition, shortage of at naval battle, 297, 298.
Amnesty proclamation, issued by MacArthur, 513.

Anda, Simon de, magistrate: assumes command against British, 166; be-
comes governor-general, 168; his character, 168.

Anderson, Brigadier-General Thomas M.: commands first expedition, 304;
establishes camp Dewey, 305; negotiations with insurgents, 404; article
in North American Review, 307 note, 315 note, 403, 404.
André, Belgian consul, negotiations through, 307.

Animal life, extent of, 74-76.

Anti-Imperialists: their work, 367; their contentions, 372; join with Demo-
crats, 376; Senator Hoar's views, 371; arguments of Hoar, Schurz and
Storey, 391; opposition continued, bitterness of, 459-461; encourage in-
surgents, 459, 508, 509; Schurz' charge of bad faith toward Aguinaldo,
380; accept Filipino statements as true, 404.

"Aquarium, at Manila, 77.

Arellano, Cayetano S.: in Aguinaldo's cabinet, favors American control, 475;
report on Spanish legal system, 232 note; on board to draft municipal
code, 519; chief justice, 517.

Attraction, Spanish policy of, 382.

Audiencia: 215; its institution, 239, 241; a Supreme Court, 239; other func-
tions, 239-241; its branches, 242.

Autos accordados, ordinances of audiencia, as precedents, 241.

Badojis, Junta of, 145.

Baguio a health resort in Benguet Mountains, 66; rainfall at, 67.
Barangay, ancient political unit, 229, 231.

Bates Treaty, with Sultan, 469, 470.

Benguet Road, its location, 67.

Biak-na-bató, pact of: negotiations between Primo de Rivera and Agui-
naldo, 199-205; terms of the agreement, 201, 203; the reforms, 201, 206.

Bismarck, Prince, on American policy, 304 note.

Blanco: Liberal governor-general, 192; grants safe-conduct to Rizal, 194.
Board of Authorities, 213.

Bonifacio, Andres, head of Katipunan, 191.

Bryan, W. J.: urges ratification of treaty, 378; alleged relations with insur-

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Cabatan, A., book on Java cited, 17, 18.

Cabeza de Barangay, a petty native official, 229.

Camara, Spanish admiral, starts for Manila, 312.

Cambon, Jules, French ambassador, represents Spain, 320.

Caño, El: completes Magellan's voyage around world, 145; his second expe-
dition, 145.

Capitulation of Manila: made in ignorance of peace, 326, 331, 425; terms of,
313; nature of, 313.

Casa de Contratación, or India House, 232.

Chao-Ju-Kuo, Chinese geographer, description of natives, 104.

Chinese: as colonizers, 5; early traders, visit of Mandarins, 170, 281; the
Parian, the silk market, 281; as artisans and laborers, 281; industrious,
become wealthy, 284; fear and jealousy of, 281; restriction as to trade
and residence, 284; massacres of, 170, 171, 282, 283; excluded by Gen-
eral Otis, American exclusionary law in force, 438, 439; as cooks, 110.
Christians and non-Christians, classification of people, 80, 86.
Churches, to be protected, 424.

Citizenship: under treaty of Paris, 356; under acts of Congress, 358 note.
Civil government: policy as to establishing, 487; in occupied territory, 487,
488; unpopular with army, 488, 489; war powers of president, 489, 490;
constitutional questions, 490, 492; political precedents, 492-494; the
Insular cases, 494-496; the new Philippine Commission, 496; the presi-
dent's instructions, 497; nature of the government, 497; its foundation
principles, 498-504; commission enters on its work, 504; condition and
prospects, 506; issues statement, 506; public hearings, 506, 507; study
of topics, 507, 508; effect of presidential campaign, 508; reelection of
McKinley, 511; severe measure adopted, 512, 513; organization of Fed-
eral party, 513; enactment of laws, 514, 518; civil service law, 515, 516;
reorganization of judicial system, 517; new provincial and municipal
codes, 519, 520; commission visits provinces and organizes provincial
governments, 520-524; defective powers of commission, 524; the
Spooner amendment, 524, 525; Aguinaldo's capture and oath of alle-
giance, 526, 527.

Civil service law: necessity for, 515; enactment of, 516.

Climate: its character, 78; safe with precautions, 79.

Cockpits, revenue from, 263.

Codes: ancient Spanish, 233, 234; modern Civil Codes, 238; the Penal Code,
238; Order No. 58, 238.

Colonial debts, assumption of, 333–337, 353.

Colonization: theories of, 1; history, 5; modern problems, 2; modern defini-
nition, 3; objects of, 2; involves moral, economic and political con-
siderations, 3; primitive people's colonies, 5; Chinese, 5; Phoenicians,
5; Greeks, 6, 7; Romans, 7-9; the feudal kingdoms, 9, 10; the Mid-
dle Ages, 10; Venetians, 10; Spaniards, 11-13; Spanish methods,
11, 12; Portuguese, 12; Dutch, 13-19; English, 19-28; French, 29-31;
Italian, 31-33; German, 33-36; Japanese, 36; Belgian, 36 note; a
new era, 27; demand for tropical products, 28; territorial expansion,
pressure of population, 28; new ambitions, 29; by United States, 53, 54;
governing non-contiguous territory, 53; a free hand in Orient, 54;

advanced theories, welfare of natives, 55; importance given education,
58, 59.

Colony, definitions and classifications of, 2; see COLONIZATION.

Comyn, Tomas de, description of natives, 106.

Conferences with insurgents: at Iloila, 441; Otis with Aguinaldo's commis-
sion, 448; after Malolos, efforts of Schurman Commission, 473–477.

Conquest of Philippines, 343.

Consejo de Filipinas, 211.

Constitutional questions: status of the new territory, 490; does constitution
follow the flag, 491; the Vest and Platt resolutions, 491; the property
of the United States, 491; the Louisiana and other precedents, 492, 493;
the Insular cases, 494-496.

Constructive period: first seventy-five years of Spanish rule, 153, 154, 159;
Morga's description, 159.

Consuls, American, dealings with Aguindaldo, see Chapter XV.

Continental opinion: favored Spain, 348-350; as to relative naval power, 291.
Conversion of Indians, object of the enterprise, 154, 155.

Cooper, Joseph F., justice Supreme Court, 517.

Corrupt systems, difficulties of reformers, Governor Bustamente, 163.
Cortes, Filipino representation in, 172, 173.

Council of administration, 213, 214.

Courts: audiencia, provincial courts, courts of first instance, 243; justice
courts, 244; ecclesiastical, military, commercial, treasury and conten-
tious, 245-246; inefficient, 247; reconstituted by Americans, 430, 517.
Cromer, Lord: Roman colonial policy, 9; self-government in India, 45 note;
in Egypt, 49, 50; ultimate control over natives, 55.

Crown colonies, 2, 52.

"Culture" system: in Java, 16; profitable to Netherlands, 17; its vicious
character, 17, 18; in Philippines, 17 note.

Customs duties, see TAXATION, 249.

Day, Dr. Clive, book on Java cited, 16, 17, 18.

Deceit and dissimulation, results from environment, 112.

Deidrich, Vice-Admiral von: friction with Dewey, 301-304; publishes state-
ment, 303 note.

Denby, Charles, member Schurman Commission, 450.

Deportations: after Cavite revolt, 187, 188; by Americans to Guam, 513.
Desmariñas, early governor, 158.

Dewey, Admiral George: command of Asiatic squadron, 385; ordered to be
prepared, 292; takes fleet to Mirs Bay, 292; Prince Henry's farewell,
292; ships of his fleet, 292; sails for Manila Bay and attacks, 295;
ignores mines, 293; reports victory, 299; cuts cables, 300; awaits troops,
301; relations with foreign navies, 301; friction with Germans, 301-304;
arrival of General Anderson, 304; arranges for surrender of Manila,
307; discourages immediate attack, 310; aids in attack, 312; asks Pratt
to send Aguinaldo to Hong Kong, 389-397; meets Aguinaldo on
Olympia, 398; no promises made, 400; calls on Aguinaldo informally,
402; recommends a commission, 450; member first commission, 450.
Dialects, number of, 101.

Dickens, Charles, satirizes cultivation of natives, 3.

Dogs, as food, 97.

Drake, Sir Francis, 19.

Draper, General William, captures Manila, 164.

Earthquakes, 73.

Ecclesiastical system: its organization, 218; interwoven with civil govern-
ment, 215, 220–222.

Economic Society of Friends, organization of, 174.

Education: 154; American belief in, 58; among Moros, 125, 126.

Egypt: England's constructive work, 48, 49; Cromer's rule, weakened under
Gorst, 49; Kitchener's firmer control and extension of native participa-
tion, 51; education in, 59.

Embargoed estates, 435.

Encomienda: the system, 275-277; grants by Legaspi, 156, 159; abuses under,
277; Morga's report on, 276 note.

England: early colonization by, 19, 20; settlement colonies in temperate
climes, 20; the mercantile theory, 20; loss of American colonies, 20;

England-Continued.

return of colonies after 1815, 21; humanitarian spirit, growth of, 21;
the Colonization Society of 1830, 21; three periods of colonial history,
21-27; training the colonies for self-government, 22; views of states-
men, 22-26; Greater Britain, Seeley's Expansion of England, 25, 26;
Disraeli and the Empire, 27; the new policy, 27; in Egypt, 48–51; atti-
tude of English toward natives, 52; capture of Manila by English, 166;
see INDIA.

Environment: passive attitude toward, 85; dissatisfaction with, test of prog-
ress, 85.

Evil, Oriental view of, 85.

Expansion, see POLICY OF EXPANSION.

Factories, trading posts, colonial outposts, 10.
Federal party, its organization and platform, 513.

Filipinos as a separate race, 100; of Malay origin, 81, 89; the civilized peo-
ple, include Tagalogs, Visayans, Bicols, Ilocanos, Pampangos, Pan-
gasines and Ibangs, 100; speak different dialects, 100, 101; racial differ-
ences, 100; occupy coast and lowlands, 100, 101; their social and politi-
cal organization, 101, 102; descriptions of the people, 104-109; conflict-
ing views, 103; difficult to understand, 109; are gregarious, good na-
tured and hospitable, 109; family life, status of women, 109, 110; as
servants, 110; truth-telling, 111; different standards of conduct, 112;
indolence and climate, 112; reserved, proud and dignified, 112, 113.
Financial troubles: Spanish, mismanagement, 161; burden on king, 161, 162;
charges against, 168, 169.

Finley, Lieutenant-Colonel John P., governor, on religion of Moros, 126.
Fish and Fishing, 77, 78.

Flowers, 77.

Forced labor: regulation of, 265, 277; on public works, 275.

Foreman, John, 108.

Foster, George E., colonies a trust, 3 note.

France: early colonial policy, 19; modern ambition, 29; African colonies,
policy liberal, reforms in Algiers, educational work, 30, 31 note.
Friars: see MONASTIC ORDERS, ECCLESIASTICAL SYSTEM; claim exemption
from control, 218; become curates, 219; their number, 219; absorb civil
power, 220-222; their good and bad qualities, conflicting views, 222-
225; cause of insurrection, 438.

Fuero Juzgo, an ancient code, 234.

Germany: becomes an aggressive colonial nation, 33; Bismarck's views, 33;
acquisitions in Africa, 33-35; her policy, 35; treatment of natives,
35, 36.

Gironiere, Paul de la, description of natives, 106.

Governors: Spanish, list of, 160 note; their character, 160, 161, 174; pro-

prietary, 155; quarrels with ecclesiastics, 155, 162–164, 215; occasionally
energetic, 174; qualities of a good governor, 216; Enrile organizes the
Economic Society of Friends of the Country, 174; difficulties, 215; the
residencia, 216–218; terms of 271.

Gobernadorcillo, a petty governor, 229, 252.

Greeks: nature of their colonies, 6; Aristotle's definition, 6; the city state, 6,
7; independent communities, 6; the ver sacrum, 6.

Greene, Brigadier-General F. V.: commands second expedition, 305; at battle
of Manila, 306–319; incident of Filipino trenches, 309; account of battle,
309 note, 316 note.

Head-hunting, custom of, 94, 95.

Hoar, George, Republican Senator and Anti-Imperialist, 371.

Holland: the Lisbon trade, 13; trading companies, 13, 14; Dutch East-India
Company, 14; their rule in Java, 15–18; the native governments, 15; the
"culture" system, 16-18; little efforts to train natives, 16; improved
conditions, education, 18 note; colonial constitution of 1854, 18.

Ide, Henry C., member of the commission, secretary of finance and justice,
497.

Ifugaos, a wild tribe, 91.

Igorots: one of wild tribes, 92; two groups of, Bontoc and Benguet, 92; cus-
toms and modes of life, 92-99; head-hunting, 94; dog eating, 97; truth-
telling, 96; adopting modern customs, 96; schools, 97.

Ilocanos, important group of wild men, 100.

Ilongots, a wild tribe, 92.

India: the people, 38; government for benefit of the natives, 38, 39; Queen
Victoria's Proclamation of 1858 and its promises, 39; natives imbibe
liberalism, their education, 39, 40; British concessions, 41; the King-
Emperor's Proclamation of 1908, 42; Lord Morley's reforms, 43-45;
Great Britain's Indian problems, 46; basis of her rule, 46, 47; further
self-government inevitable, 47, 48 note.

Indias, Laws of the, extended to Philippines, 150.

Inquisition: established in Philippines by Salazar, 225; a commissioner sent,
226; natives not subject to, 227; effect of, 227.

Instructions: to Philippine Commission, 497-504; to Schurman Commission,
450, 473; to General Merritt, 422, 423.

Insular cases, 494-496.

Insurgent leaders: their character, 456, 457; inexperienced, 458; visited by
Americans, 459; shrewd politicians, 382.
Insurgents: early American relations with, Chapter XV; charges of bad
faith, 380; effect on public sentiment, 381; Spanish war encourages,
382; Aguinaldo at Hong Kong, 382; his character, 383; Wildman's re-
lations with Hong Kong junta, 387; Aguinaldo starts for Europe, 388;
meetings with Pratt at Singapore, 389; returns to Hong Kong, 390;
Pratt's reports to Washington, 390; newspaper articles, the Serenade,
and Pratt's speech, 391-396; repudiation by secretary of state, 395;
Dewey's attitude, 397-400; Aguinaldo organizes an army and civil gov-
ernment, 396; irritated by arrival of troops, 402; friction with army,
403; Anderson's correspondence, 404 note; Filipino claims, Agoncillo's
statement, 405; in the Reseña Verídica, 405; the promise of independ-
ence a myth, 407; repudiated by St. Clair, 409; the intermediary, Bray,
409; disproved by Aguinaldo's acts and words, 410-413; dissensions
among Filipinos, 417; no definite policy, fear of Spain, 417; no real
cooperation with Americans, 419; not recognized as allies, 421; refused
permission to enter Manila, 425.

Insurrection: against Americans, a surprise, 456; carefully organized, 457;
support of in Luzon, 458; encouraged by Americans, 459; American
troops in Manila, 462; volunteers remain, 462; national volunteers, 463;
insurgent army, 462; attempt to burn Manila, 462; capture of Malolos,
464; battle of Calumpit, 464, 465; occupation of San Fernando, 466;
Lawton's advance to San Maguil de Mayuma, 467; fight at Zapote
River, 467; conditions in Mindanao, 468; Bates treaty with sultan,
468; disturbances in Negros, 470; campaign in autumn of 1899, 479.
Insurrections: early, mostly without political significance, 184; disappointed
hopes, 184; that of 1823, 185; Apolinario, 185; revolt of soldiers at
Cavite, incapacity of government, 185, 186; execution of priests, 185;
popular indignation, 186; troubles with friars over taxes, 187; deporta-
tions, 187, 188; insurrection of 1896, 192, 198.

Italy: acquisition of Assab in 1869, acquisitions along Red Sea, 31; Eritrea
and Libia, 32; prospects, 33.

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