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A New Era-Changing Conditions-Attack on Monastic Orders-
Revolts and Insurrections-The Cavite Revolt-Execution of Native
Priests-The Movement for Reforms-The Propaganda Abroad—
José Rizal-The Idea of Independence-Insurrection of 1896-The
Katipunan-Execution of Rizal-The Pact of Biak-na-bató-De-
parture of the Leaders.
PAGE
. 182
PART III
THE SPANISH COLONIAL SYSTEM
CHAPTER VIII
THE GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION
Literary Theories of Government-Theory and Practise-The Min-
ister of Ultramar and the Conseja de Filipinas-The Chief Execu-
tive-The Board of Authorities and the Council of Administration
-The Audiencia-The Residencia-The Ecclesiastical System-The
Monastic Orders-Powers of the Friars-Conflicting Opinions of
Their Work-The Inquisition-The Provincial Governments—Prov-
inces and Pueblos-Organization of Municipalities Under Maura
Law.
Sources of the Law-The Laws of the Indias-Extension of Penin-
sular Laws to Philippines-The Ancient Spanish Codes-The Fuera
Juzgo-Siete Partidas-La Nueva Recopilacion-The Prelation of
Laws-The Modern Codes-The Judicial Tribunals-The Audiencia
-Its Organization and Powers-The Provincial Courts-The Courts
of First Instance-Justice Courts-Ecclesiastical, Military, Treasury
and Contentious Courts-The Judicial Personnel-Unsatisfactory
Procedure-Popular Dissatisfaction with the Courts.
TAXATION ANd Revenue
CHAPTER X
The Tax System-Direct Taxes-The Tribune-Abolished in 1884
-The Cedula Personal-Special Provisions for Chinese-The In-
come Tax-Indirect Taxes - Customs Duties - Classification of
Goods Rates Levied-Certain Special Charges - Monopolies
Stamps, Cockpits, Lotteries, etc.-The Tobacco Monopoly-Govern-
ment Receipts and Disbursements.
211
232
. 249
CHAPTER XI
PERSONAL STATUS AND TRADE RESTRICTIONS
Classification of Residents-Restrictions-Status of Natives-Slav-
ery Forbidden by Law-The Tribute and Its Collection-The En-
comiendas-A Sort of Slavery-Restrictions on Commerce-The
Galleons-Japanese and Chinese-Segregation and Regulation of
Chinese-Massacres-Effect of the Restrictive System on Character
of the Natives.
270
PART IV
AMERICAN OCCUPATION AND Change of SovereignTY
CHAPTER XII
THE CAPTURE OF MANILA
Conditions in 1898-Means of Defense-Opinions as to Relative
Power--Dewey at Hong Kong-And Mirs Bay-Localizing a War
-Spanish Preparations at Manila-Destruction of the Spanish Fleet
--At Anchor on the Battle-field-New Problems for the Govern-
ment - Attitude of Foreign Naval Officers - The Germans - The
Filipinos Disloyal to Spain-Arrival of American Troops-Camp
Dewey-The Military Situation-Delaying the Attack-Plan for
Painless Extraction of Spaniards-Night Attacks-Demands for
Surrender-Capture of the City-Terms of Capitulation-The In-
surgents and Their Claims-Conflict Avoided-The Matériel Cap- tured.
289
CHAPTER XIII
THE PEACE PROTOCOL AND THE TREATY OF PARIS
Spain Sues for Peace-Negotiations Through French Ambassador
-The Protocol-Status of Spain in Philippines-Effect of the
Capitulation-The Peace Commissioners-Opening of Conference-
Uneasiness about Philippines-Spanish Preliminary Demands-Pro-
posals for Treaty-Assumption of Sovereignty over Cuba-The
Colonial Debts-Refusal of United States to Assume Debts-Orig-
inal Instructions as to Philippines-Growth of Sentiment in United
States-Investigations by Commission-Conflicting Opinions-Final
Instructions-Claim of Conquest-The Philippine Public Debt-
Continental Sentiment Favors Spain-British Attitude-Offer of
$20,000,000-Spain Accepts America's Terms-Certain Minor Issues
-The Treaty-Purchase of Additional Islands-The End of a Colo-
nial Empire.
319
CHAPTER XIV
THE POLICY OF EXPANSION AND THE ANTI-IMPERIALISTS
Some Generalities-First Impressions-McKinley's Original Views
-Publicists and Literary Men-Their Arguments Ineffective-A
Question of National Policy-Instincts of the People-Natural De-
sire for Growth-Decision Rested with McKinley - The Anti-
Imperialists-Nature of Their Opposition-Sentiment in Continental
Europe British Feeling- Kipling's Appeal-Opposition at First.
Negative The Policy of "Walk Alone"-Senator Hoar's Sugges-
tion for a Convention of Nations-The World Power Idea, Altru- ism and Commercialism—Not Originally a Party Issue—Mr. Bryan's Responsibility-Ratification of the Treaty-Future Policy Left Un-
determined.
359
CHAPTER XV
THE DIPLOMACY OF THE CONSULATES
Early Relations With the Insurgents
Charges of Bad Faith-Consular Activities-Wildman's Relations
With Hong Kong Junta-Forbidden to Discuss Policies-Aguinaldo
at Singapore-The Pratt-Dewey Cables-No Reference to Independ-
ence--Aguinaldo at Hong Kong-Minutes of Meeting of Junta—
Aguinaldo Meets Dewey-Is Assisted with Arms-Organizes Army
and Government-Dewey's Statement-Proclaims Independence—
Origin of the Promise Myth-Filipino Claims-Bray and St. Clair-
Aguinaldo's Report to the Junta-Summary-Filipino Plans and
Policies-American Policy Unknown-No Promise Made and No
Bad Faith.
. 380
CHAPTER XVI
The Period of MILITARY OCCUPATION—Suspended SovereigNTY
Military Occupation-Powers of a Military Occupant-Merritt's In-
structions — The Proclamation - Organization of Civil Affairs-
The Peace Protocol-Spanish Claims Thereunder-Relations with
Insurgents-No Joint Occupation-Aguinaldo Required to With-
draw His Troops-Consolidation of Civil Officers-The Courts-
Trade and Commerce-Prisons-Ownership of Bonds and Money in
the Treasury-Spanish Prisoners-Spanish Priests and Nuns as
Prisoners-The Chinese-Closing up Spanish Affairs-Difficulties at
Iloilo-The "Benevolent Assimilation" Proclamation-Aguinaldo's
Response-Conferences with Insurgents-The Schurman Commis-
sion-The Attack on Manila.
422
CHAPTER XVII
THE FILIPINO REBELLION AND the Days oF THE EMPIRE
Nature of the War-Filipinos Misjudged-Aguinaldo at Zenith of
Power-The Malolos Congress His Creature-Character of Leaders
-Encouraged and Misled by Americans-Democrats Vote Supplies
for War-Bitter Opposition by Anti-Imperialists-Military Situa-
tion at Manila-State Volunteers Remain-New United States Vol-
unteers-Campaign to the North-Capture of Malolos, Calumpit and
San Fernando-Minor Movements near Manila-Lawton's Cam-
paign toward San Maguil de Mayuma-Fight at Zapote River-
Situation in the Vasayas and to the South-The Occupation of Jolo
-Spanish Relation with Moros-The Bates Agreement-The Re-
public of Negros-Special Military Government-Arrival of Schur-
man Commission - Negotiations with Insurgents Statement of
American Intentions-Efforts at Conciliation-The Insurgents Con-
fident of Foreign Intervention-Aguinaldo Inclined to Peace-Influ-
ence of Mabini and Agoncillo-The Congress Votes for Peace-
Pacification in Sight-Reversal of Policy by Luna-The End of
Filipino Government-Negotiations for Peace End in Failure-
Military Despotism-Final Campaign in the North-Searching for
the Enemy-Escape of Aguinaldo-Death of General Lawton-
End of Organized Warface-General MacArthur Succeeds General
Otis-Character and Work of General Otis-New Phase of the
Insurrection-Guerrilla Warfare-Attitude of Municipalities-Peo-
ple of Luzon Support Guerrillas-Beginning of Educational Work.
CHAPTER XVIII
THE END OF THE MILITARY RÉGIME
Building a Government
Policy of the Administration-Civil Government in Occupied Terri-
tory-Unpopularity of the Policy-Elihu Root, Secretary of War-
War Department in Charge-War Powers of President-Civil Gov-
ernment by Civilian Agents-Constitutional Questions-Theories of
National Power-Power to Acquire and Hold Territory-The Po-
litical Precedents-Secretary Root's Theory-The Insular Cases-
The United States Philippine Commission-The President's Instruc-
tions-Principles of Government Adopted-Questions for Consid-
eration-Legislative Power of Commission-Reception in Manila-
Local Conditions-Building a Government-Further Efforts at Rec-
onciliation-Presidential Elections in the United States-Final Blow
at the Insurrection-Deportations-Organization of Federal Party
Early Legislation - Civil Service Law-Reorganization of the
Judicial System-Municipal Code-Provincial Government Law-
The Beginnings of Baguio-Tour of the Islands—Organization of
Provincial Governments-The Spooner Law-Capture of Aguinaldo.
INDEX
455
487
531
THE PHILIPPINES
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