A Living WageMacmillan, 1920 - 182페이지 |
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According amount argument assertion average Beatrice Webb canonists Catholic chapter claim classes comfort common bounty concrete consumer contract decent livelihood decent living derived dignity distribution distributive justice doctrine duty economic efficiency employer encyclical equal equivalent essential needs ethical existence expended faculties family Living Wage fellow gains hedonism Hence human importance increase individual industrial intrinsic worth justice labor power Labor Unions laborer's right latter less liberty loan-capitalist maintain majority man's marriage means measure merely minimum wage morally bound Nassau Senior natural rights necessary nomic number of children obligation obtain organization ownership pay a Living ployer Pope Leo XIII possess practice precise present principle question realized received regarded remuneration requisites Rerum Novarum sacredness sense social estimate social utility society standard subsistence sumer Summa Theologica superfluous theory thing tical tion to-day underpaid laborer unskilled valid writers
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141 페이지 - First, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community...
68 페이지 - The preservation of life is the bounden duty of each and all, and to fail therein is a crime. It follows that each one has a right to procure what is required in order to live; and the poor can procure it in no other way than by work and wages.
141 페이지 - To set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and, after doing so, to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community...
47 페이지 - ... the State should intervene, to see that each obtains his own, but not under any other circumstances. This mode of reasoning is by no means convincing to a fairminded man, for there are important considerations which it leaves out of view altogether. To labor is to exert one's self for the sake of procuring what is necessary for the purposes of life, and most of all for self-preservation. "In the sweat of thy brow thou shalt eat bread.
48 페이지 - ... there is a dictate of nature more imperious and more ancient than any bargain between man and man, that the remuneration must be enough to support the wage-earner in reasonable and frugal comfort.
96 페이지 - The necessaries for the efficiency of an ordinary agricultural or of an unskilled town laborer and his family in this generation, may be said to consist of a well-drained dwelling with several rooms, warm clothing, with some changes of underclothing, pure water, a plentiful supply of cereal food, with a moderate allowance of meat and milk, and a little tea, etc...
75 페이지 - It is evident then that it is best to have property private, but to make the use of it common; but how the citizens are to be brought to it is the particular business of the legislator. And also with respect to pleasure, it is unspeakable how advantageous it is that a man should think he has something which he may call his own; for it is by no means to no purpose that each person should: have...
95 페이지 - ... all, the next largest to those whose work is almost nominal, and so in a descending scale, the remuneration dwindling as the work grows harder and more disagreeable, until the most fatiguing and exhausting bodily labour cannot count with certainty on being able to earn even the necessaries of life; if this, or Communism, were the alternative, all the difficulties, great or small, of Communism would be but as dust in the balance.
96 페이지 - In addition, perhaps, some consumption of alcohol and tobacco, and some indulgence in fashionable dress are in many places so habitual, that they may be said to be conventionally necessary, since in order to obtain them the average man and woman will sacrifice some things which are necessary for efficiency.