ÆäÀÌÁö À̹ÌÁö
PDF
ePub
[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]
[ocr errors]

ale

Jatten- Krachen, n. roar.

[ocr errors]

¡Siftig, cunning.

port, assistance.

Jer to persevere Muthlos,disheartened Waien, to grow.

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

auch die Prüfung für ihn
marie hat er sie doch bestanden.
stem em auch die Welt untergehen
cute, so will ich dennoch auf den
Herrn trauen.

6 3 Ser er auch sein mag, und was er
auch sein mag, ich fürchte mich
nicht vor ihm.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

Ha de iemand

[ocr errors]

So viel auch die Leute über ihn
Sprachen, so mußten sie doch alle
seine Hand lungen bill'igen.

Perpetually falling water-drops,
in time hollow out even a
stone.

Severe as the trial was for him,
he nevertheless stood it.
Even if the world should be
wrecked, I will still trust on
(in) the Lord.
Whoever he may be, and what-
ever he may be, I do not fear
him.

However much people spoke of
(about) him, they were yet
obliged to approve his actions.

EXERCISE 118.

1. Sogar die Sieger vriesen die Tapferkeit der Besiegten. 2. Der Gesang riette fogar tie härtesten Gemüther. 3. Die Töne der Musik trangen Egar bis an unsere Ohren. 4. Man kann sogar hier das fröbliche Lachen ter Kinder hören. 5. Wie kann man von Antern verlangen, was man selbit micht thun mag? 6. Man muß sich selbst achten. 7. Das Unfraut wächst von selbst, ohne daß man es fået und pflegt. 8. Die Armuth selbst Feil mich nicht abhalten, redlich zu handeln. 9. Wenn auch sie mich vers Se Lasen, dann habe ich keinen Freund mehr. 10. D, wenn auch diese Zeit ichen da wäre! 11. Wenn er auch eine rauhe Außenseite hat, so hat er roch ein gefühlvolles Herz. 12. Wenn Ihr auch dieses thut, dann will is Euch gut belohnen. 13. So viel auch Eurer sind, ich nehme es mit jerem auf 14. So viel auch Heinrich arbeitet, so bringt er doch nichts fertig. 15. So viel er auch sprach, sie hörten ihn doch nicht. 16. Was auch d zeicheben mag, ich werde ihm treu bleiben. 17. Was auch für Nachrichten femmen, sie werden nicht muthlos. 18. Was auch mein Freund beginnt, er bat fein Glück. 19. Was es auch sein mag, Niemand soll es erfahren. 20. Er hat sogar nicht Geld genug, um Brod zu kaufen. 21. Wir müssen Jedermann lieben, selbst unsere Feinte. 22. Ich kann selbst unter diesen Berrizungen Ihren Vorschlag nicht annehmen. 23. Er konnte segar unter allen Büchern das schönste auswählen.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors][ocr errors]
[ocr errors][merged small]

EXERCISE 119.

1. Whatever he may say, I shall persevere. 2. Even with that profit they were not contented. 3. The mishap of this family was so great, that they even asked assistance of strangers. 4. I shall not depart with attendants even. 5. The moon does not give us so much light as the sun, even when she shines the brightest. 6. Whatever your friend may be, you will not obtain is. 7. Whoever this young lady be, she is very rude. 8. However cunning they may be, they are sometimes mistaken. 9. Great as my poverty may be, I shall not become disheartened. 10 Whatever the news may be, impart it to me. 11. Whatever advantages may be offered to him, he will not accept of them. 12. Whatever faults he may have committed, I will forgive him. 13. Even in the heat of the battle, and amidst the roar of cannons, the commander rode quietly to and fre. 14. However great my misfortune may be, nobody shall perceive it. 15. Even idea, neverthe, the king must obey the law. 16. Even my adversary praised

[ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors]

"

[ocr errors]

SECTION LXIII.-IDIOMS OF VARIOUS KINDS (continued). Pflegen, besides its primary meaning "to nurse' or "take care of," has in both the present and imperfect the signification "to be accustomed," "to be wont;" as:- -Er pflegte zu sagen, he used to say. Er pflegt zu reiten, he is accustomed to ride (on horseback). 1. Achten or Acht haben, followed by auf, is used thus:-Ich achte auf das, was (Sect. LXIX. 2) ich höre, I give attention to that which I hear. Ich werde Acht auf ihn haben, I will attend to him (have attention on him). Gr nimmt sich in Acht, he takes care of himself. Wir müssen uns vor dem Bösen in Acht nehmen, we must guard ourselves against that which is bad (take ourselves in attention before, etc.).

[blocks in formation]

instead of coffee. 4. The Greeks fostered art and science long
before the birth of Christ. 5. He is accustomed to rise at six
He takes care of his health.
o'clock. 6. I will take care of this book till you return. 7.
8. Give attention to thyself, not
only when you are in society, but also when you are alone. 9.

Good children give attention to that which their parents tell
them. 10. We must guard ourselves against our enemies, 11.
A German marmot takes care in the summer of his food for the

winter.

KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN GERMAN.
EXERCISE 38 (Vol. I., page 211).

1. Sie mögen in den Garten gehen, aber Sie dürfen nicht lange dort bleiben. 2. Diese aufmerksamen Schüler durften mit ihrem Lehrer nach Mannheim gehen. 3. Wir können unsere Zeit besser anwenden. 4. Kon nen Sie Deutsch sprechen ? 5. Wir konnten unsere Aufgaben diese Woche nicht lernen. 6. Sie müssen die Aufgaben dieser Woche aufmerksam lernen. 7. Sie mögen morgen zu Ihren Eltern gehen. 8. Er mag ein guter Mann sein. 9. Die Hausfrau muß morgen auf den Markt gehen. 10. Haben Sie Ihren Eltern geschrieben? 11. Ja, ich mußte schreiben. 12. Es ist zwei Uhr. 13. Ich werde bei Ihnen (an Ihrem Hause), ein Biertel auf vier Uhr ankom men. 14. Wollen Sie zwanzig Minuten vor acht Uhr kommen? 15. Ich mag diesen Abend zu Ihnen kommen, aber warten Sie nicht auf mich. 16. So lange als es regnet. kann ich nicht ausgehen. 17. Fische können nur im Wasser leben, und Vögel in der Luft. 18. Sie hätten das nicht thun sollen, es wird keine Empfehlung für Sie sein. 19. Ich will heute Abend nach dem (or ins) Theater gehen. 20. Wir mögen ein anteresmal tiese Gelegenheit nicht haben.

EXERCISE 39 (Vol. I., page 238).

1. I must go to the meadow to fetch hay. 2. What is your brother to do at school? 3. He is to go to school, to learn the Latin language. 4. Man must be honest or wretched. 5. What am I to do?

6. You may do what you like, and should do what you can. 7. Why did

you not come to our house yesterday? 8. I would, but I could not; I
was obliged to stay at home and read. 9. Will the tailor be willing to
make me a coat? 10. He will be willing to make you one, but he may
not be able to do it. 11. Why will he not be able to do it ? 12. He
will be obliged to go in the country to see his sick brother. 13.
What does the boy want with the knife ? 14. He wishes to cut bread
and cheese. 15. Have you time to go into the stable? 16. I have
time, but I will not go; I will remain at home.
to do at home? 18. I have letters to read and to write. 19. Are you
obliged to write them to-day? 20. I must write them to-day, because

17. What have you

I am going to Heidelberg to-morrow. 21. One must be cautious in the choice of one's friends. 22. This boy has learnt nothing at all today. 23. Have you also learnt nothing? 24. I have learnt something, but not much.

[blocks in formation]

1. To whom are you going? 2. I am going to my brother. 3. With whom is this boy going? 4. He is going with his father to the 6. I heard it from town. 5. From whom did you hear this news? my old friend. 7. With whom are you going to the village? 8. I am not going to the village, I am going with my father to the great town. 9. When are you going out of the town to our friends? 10. We are not going to your friends, we are coming home again to-morrow.

11.

am going neither to my friend to-day, nor to the village, nor out of

13.

the house. 12. The count has a great castle with little windows.
The river comes from the mountains. 14. Has your father heard any-
thing from his brother? 15. Yes, this man is (come) from Hungary,
and has brought my father a box from my uncle. 16. Is he going to
Vienna? 17. No, he is going to Warsaw, and from Warsaw to Cracow.
18. The Bavarian, the Bohemian, and the Hessian come from Germany.
19. The huntsman with his gun comes from the forest. 20. The ser-
vant is going to the town. 21. I heard from my brothers you were
going to their friend. 22. The servant-girl comes from the well, and
the man-servant goes to the butcher.

1. Derjenige, welcher in der Jugend sorgt, braucht nicht im Alter zu I forgen. 2. Habe Acht auf Dich, nicht nur in Gesellschaft fremter Leute, featern auch wenn Du allein bist, damit (Sect. LXXYI.) Du Dich selbst, kennen lernst. 3. Derjenige, welcher nicht immer auf sich Acht giebt, kommt nie zur Selbsterkenntniß. 4. Die alten Deutschen pflegten gewöhnlich in alten Fichenhainen ihren Göttern zu opfern. 5. Gute Kinder pflegen (Sect. XLVI.) ihre Eltern in ihrem Alter. 6. Meine Freunde pflegen tes Mor sens Wasser zu trinken. 7. Des Morgens und des Abents pflegt er der Ruhe. 8. Wir rflegen, anstatt des Thees, Kaffee zu trinken. 9. Seiner Gesundheit zu pflegen ist seine erste Sorge. 10. Er pflegt des Mor gens zu arbeiten, und des Nachmittags zu lesen. 11. Derjenige, welcher des Müsigganges pflegt, pflegt auch der Sünde. 12. Pfleget ter Tugent, unt nicht res Lasters. 13. Er pflegt nicht vor acht Uhr aufzustehen. 14. Man pflegt nicht in Amerika, wie in Deutschland, zu sagen: Ich wünsche Ihnen einen guten Appetit." 15. Der Mensch sorgt oft mehr als nöthig ist um feinen Lebensunterhalt. 16. Die Ameise sorgt schen im Sommer für ihre Nahrung im Winter. 17. Der deutsche Kaiser Marimilian I. trug gleich bei finem Regierungsantritt Sorge, die innere Ruhe Deutschlants wiererherzustellen.

EXERCISE 121.

"

1. Guard yourself against those who have smooth words, bad thoughts, and a treacherous heart. 2. He cares more for his soul than for his body. 3. We are accustomed to drink tea

EXERCISE 41 (Vol. I., page 239).

1. Wenn wir glücklich sein wollen, dürfen wir nicht vom Pfate ter Tugend abweichen. 2. Ich weiß, daß er Ihr Freund nicht ist, aber ich weiß gleichfalls, daß er ein Mann von Redlichkeit ist. 3. Laßt sie wissen, daß tiefe Neuigkeiten nur Gerüchte sind. 4. Man muß nicht alles sagen, was man weiß. 5. Sie müssen in der Wahl Ihrer Freunte sehr vorsichtig sein. 6. Wir sollten wissen, an wen wir uns weuten. 7. Wollen Sie dem Schneider sagen, wenn er Ihren Rock fertig habe, bei mir vorzusprechen? 8. Haben Sie Zeit, mit mir nach der Start zu gehen? 9. Wenn er die Arbeit nicht hätte zu Stante bringen können, würde er sie nic men haben. 10. Haben Sie Zeit, diesen Brief zu lesen? tie Schule, um tie lateinische Sprache zu lernen.

1

PENQ. This shows us an ming an oval grass-plot or wak of uniform width.

dor egg-shaped oval on seriiameter.

that is given on or about sped oval. Bisect A B in C,

CB, describe the circle ine DZ of indefinite length rough the point E, from ines AY, B X of unlimited AB as radius, describe the 3ntre, with B A as radius, == From the point E, at me he arc FLG. The figure i userbed about A B as its lesser

erred to make the ovoid CARt is manifest that the ng the sides of the figure are A and B in the straight 11 be first case, and within the 3elf in the second. Supanger than the ovoid D ALB, na take any point H, and PL in DZ, and through L sight lines HP, KO of unThen from H and K as centres, describe the arcs B N, A M, plete the ovoid DA MNB 23 Las centre with the radius out the remaining case for te. radius with which the ares

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

- mkaka "ka "Zimagie see Vil. I. page 96), and at the extremity b. tiger vi "ne two sides that contain the right angle GFE, Insell - plece (1 thread or string, and let the thread have a knot s ́hal "ne length of the thread from G to the knot may In to the side à of the triangular ruler. Thrust The knot, and fix the pin through any point H, in 2013, winch has been selected as the focus of the To be lescribed. Place the edge FG of the triangular “it aưng “he straight line & B, keeping the string tight with a Amit want, winch, when the edge FG of the ruler is lying along heart line a 3, will manifestly be at a point K, the point of PMIZUR VÍ A E, the distance between the fixed ruler and the veus it the required parabola. Slide the edge FE of the ranguiar ruier slowly along the edge CD of the fixed ruler in Los de üretion of c, keeping the pencil-point against the edge FG

of the triangular ruler, and the thread at its utmost tension from the focus H to the pencil-point, and from the pencil-point to G. When the edge of the ruler has moved from A B to the position LM, the pencil-point will have traced out the curve K N, while the string will be in the position indicated by the dotted lines HN, N M. When the ruler's edge occupies the position FG, P the pencil-point will have traced out the curve KN O, and the string will be in the position indicated by the thick lines H O, O G. Similarly, when the ruler's edge Boccupies the position E P, the pencil-point will have traced out the curve KNOQ, and the string will be in the position indicated by the dotted lines HQ, Q P. By turning the ruler E F G, and reversing the operation, the lower part of the curve K S ZV may be traced; the change of position of the ruler's edge, and the string, being shown by dotted lines, which are lettered RT, U W, HS, ST, HV, V W in the diagram.

Fig. 90.

It will be seen as well from the construction of the mechanical means for producing the parabola as from examination of the diagram, that the leading principle of the parabola is that the distance of every point on it from the focus is exactly equal to a line let fall from the point in question perpendicularly to the directrix. Thus in Fig. 90, H N, the distance from the focus in a straight line to the point N, is equal to N L, the perpendicular let fall from N on the directrix C D. Similarly HO is equal to o F, HQ to QE, HS to SR, and H v to v U. A straight line drawn through any point in the curve at right angles to the axis is called the ordinate of that point. Thus, if we draw an indefinite straight line x Y, at right angles to the axis A B, passing through the point o and the focus H, HO is the ordinate of the point o, and Hz the ordinate of the point z. The part K H of the straight line AB, intercepted between K, the vertex of the parabola, and the focus H, in which the double ordinate oz cuts the axis A B at right angles, is called the abscissa of the points o z. In like manner a is the ordinate of the point q, and к a its abscissa. To find the focus of any given parabola, as Q KV in Fig. 90, draw the axis A B, and the directrix C D at right angles to the axis. Take any point v in the curve, and from it let fall v U perpendicular to the directrix C D, then from v as centre with the distance vu describe the arc U H, cutting the axis A B in H. The point H is the focus of the parabola Q K V.

HISTORIC SKETCHES.-XXII.

THE MASSACRE OF GLENCOE.

“As for Mac Ian of Glencoe and that tribe, if they can be well distinguished from the other Highlanders, it will be proper, for the vindication of public justice, to extirpate that set of thieves." So wrote King William III., by the hand of the Master of Stair, to the commander of the royal troops in Scotland, in January, 1692. The words were part of a letter of instructions to the king's general, respecting the conduct he was to pursue towards the Highland chiefs, to whom a summons had been made to come in and make submission to the Government before the 31st of December, 1691. They were words of general or particular significance, according to the way in which the reader chose to read them, and according to the circumstances under which they were written. The letter was worded thus ambiguously by design, in order that the Secretary of State, who was to give further instructions upon it, might choose which interpretation he liked; and he chose an interpretation which had the effect of covering his master with shame, though posterity has done that master the justice to remove the blame from his shoulders and to place it where it is due.

"The massacre of Glencoe" was on this wise:-Ever since the Revolution in 1688 had turned out the house of Stuart from the throne, there had been more or less of disaffection in certain parts of the kingdom to the rule of the new dynasty. In the Highlands of Scotland, where the sentiment of devotion to the

exiled princes was most firmly engrafted on the people, and where it was most difficult to follow it for the purpose of rooting it out, disaffection was all but universal. The chiefs of clans, or heads of great families, there, were petty sovereigns, ruling absolutely over all their tribes, jealous of each other, ready to quarrel, and being ignorant and half barbarous, ever ready to settle the quarrel by the arbitrement of the sword. To the King of Scotland and England they confessed a certain sort of allegiance, which they were quite ready to renounce whenever the king's pleasure ran counter to their own; but when they once threw in their lot with him they stuck as close as burrs; and no one could have more utterly devoted adherents. Trained from childhood to regard implicit obedience to their own chief as the highest virtue, their services were of immense importance to him with whom, for the time being, their chief was on terms of friendship; and so thorough was their blind attachment, that while they would go through fire and water for such a one so long as the friendship lasted, they would not scruple to murder him the very moment that the chief's sentiments altered. They were rough men, lived rough lives, and held it more honourable to live by plunder than by toil; and they possessed those vices, as well as those virtues, which are incidental to savages who dwell in the face of nature, and are but slightly influenced by the voice of civilisation. Much sentimental matter ing has been written about the Highlanders, chiefly by those who never knew what their chief characteristics were; and in popular novels their virtues have been extolled, while their hideous vices have been hidden or varnished over, and their manners and customs have been presented with that enchantment which distance lends to the view. While there was much that was admirable in the Highlanders-much to excite the most exalted respect for their courage, their endurance, their devotion, their hospitality-there was much also to condemn in their revengefulness, their thievishness, their brutality. Few of them were given to honest labour for procuring themselves a liveli hood, and many of them were, not to put too fine a point on it, no better than King William's letter described them, "a set of thieves." They lived in the mountains, as their name implied; and protected by their hills, which they knew how to defend by their indomitable bravery-protected also by their poverty, they were long able to defy the authorities in the Lowlands. They preserved with religious care their allegiance to the Stuart princes, who found among them, on the two great risings against the house of Hanover in 1715 and 1745, their most hardy and most faithful adherents. Some of the heads of clans were members of the Scotch nobility, and these swayed the political influence of their followers according to their own interests at court; so that it often happened that as interests conflicted, clans were opposed to one another, and when they were so, it was an opposition to the death, for enmity was cherished among them to the entire exclusion of forgiveness.

Some of the more powerful clans had given in their allegiance to King William and Queen Mary; but these clans were for the most part amenable to military coercion by the Government, while the rest were influenced by bribes, either of money or favour, and were ready at any moment to turn against the hand that patted them. But by far the greater number of the clans remained in a state of chronic disaffection, would not own sovereign allegiance to any one, and remained independent of any king save their own chiefs. The trouble they gave was enormous; the necessity of keeping up a strong force to check them, most annoying and costly; and the nucleus they furnished for the gathering of a hostile army in the heart of Scotland, most dangerous to the peace of the kingdom.

Statesmen in London were more concerned for the pacification of the Scotch Highlands than for any other matter of domestic policy. They tried all sorts of ways to effect the object; they played off one chieftain against another, sowed the seeds of dissension between them, bribed, flattered, threatened, and, whenever they had the chance, used force; but all means failed, and the Highlands remained a bugbear and a thorn in the side of the rulers, until, many years later, Mr. Pitt conceived the idea of utilising the courage and the hardihood of the men by employing them as soldiers in the service of the state. Not until the Highland regiments were raised were the Highlands pacified. and certainly in 1691, the time treated of in this sket were the homes of men who were ready for any desp prise against the Government.

[ocr errors][ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors]

Many out of Inwillingness to go, He was antizens of the honour of sowodu mysis had submitted, and he hat other thiefs would be laggards dan miod, tany would be able to offer Luce o de Government as would compel better à accaditional surrender. But when he found yon, kai javva în (deir adhesion, and that if he perto would have to face the wrath and to cope ne kig, he resolved to take the oaths. # of December, the very last moment, did Msova'd of Glencoe was so called in the Highlands) a nagala apa' mom, to take the oaths at Fort William. ta, he found that Colonel Hill, the governor, we to admister the oaths, and that he must go A rendence of the nearest competent magistrate., ave him a letter of recommendation to the sheriff Ca Campbell of Ardkinglass, and Mac Ian the way was long, the wind was cold," r in the High'an is impeded the old was not till the sixth day after the by the amnesty proclamation that -heriff at Inverary.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

of Mao Ian, and by the letter of he rebel chief had offered himself of December to be sworn, Sir Colin oath, and sent an explanatory cerwing why he had departed from the

4mation.

[ocr errors]

Mehaz wat back to his home in the pass of Glencoe, glad e is peace, his mind having no misgivings about fuis accepted allegiance. The news went up tae Nae lan of Glencoe had not submitted, and by news of his submission arrived, steps had und him. The Master of Stair was greatly aspect of being able to make an example, and bane and Argyll, with whom Mac Ian was ed at the prospect of taking a bloody gence of Mac Ian's submission was a blow yeast about how they might fend it off. persons arraigned on criminal charges were failure to sustain some technical obmma, it is not surprising to find that even a and ake advantage of an informality in is cast an invaly hated antagonist. made no difference whatever, whether

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

mids of Glencoe were en sus to have been, pressed with a pies made of such of the public peace. supposing that King

3s should be guilty of flagrant mass Tertainly there is not any was William or his other ministers my me privy to the plan which the Master of StarT WAS 1 gn his brain. To him it was a source of deep repay of the clans had submitted. He had hoped to as a man swep of them all. The Macdonalds of Glencoe he met could not escape. So the order quoted at the em of this sketch was sent down to the Commander of mi and the Master of Stair wrote full and particular ast explain how this generally worded order was to be send a Lord Macaulay thus describes the theatre where je Laters magedy was to be acted:-"Mac Ian dwelt in the menth of a ravine situated not far from the southern shore of Loch, arm of the sea which deeply indents the westament of Scotland, and separates Argyleshire from Inverness-shee. Near his house were two or three small hamlets inhead by is tribe. The whole population which he governed was not supposed to exceed 200 souls. In the neighbourhood of the tie cluster of villages was some copsewood and sme pasture land; but a little further up the defile no sign of pepelation or of fruitfulness was to be seen. In the Gaelic tongue, Glencoe signifies the Glen of Weeping; and, in truth, that pass is the most dreary and melancholy of all the Scottish passes the very Valley of the Shadow of Death. Mists and storms brood over it through the greater part of the finest summer; and even on those rare days when the sun is bright, and when there is no cloud in the sky, the impression made by the landscape is sad and awful. The path lies along a stream which issues from the most sullen and gloomy of mountain pools. Huge precipices of naked stone frown on both sides. Even in July, the streaks of snow may often be discerned in the rifts near the summits. All down the sides of the crags, heaps of ruin mark the headlong paths of the torrents. Mile after mile the traveller looks in vain for the smoke of one hut, or for one human form wrapped in a plaid, and listens in vain for the bark of a shepherd's dog, or the bleat of a lamb. Mile after mile the only sound that indicates life is the faint cry of a bird of prey from some storm-beaten pinnacle of rock."

With zealous care the Secretary of State and his friends, Breadalbane and Argyll, studied the geography of Glencoe, and took the necessary measures to bar the ways out of it when once the Macdonalds should become fugitives. The chiefs beyond the passes from Glencoe were secured by promises, by appeals to their hatred and their interest; and when this was done, the conspirators proceeded to devise a scheme by which

« ÀÌÀü°è¼Ó »