Speech of Hon. Lewis Cass, of Michigan, on the President's Veto Message on the River and Harbor Appropriation Bills: Delivered in the Senate of the United States, July 7, 1856

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Printed at the Congressional globe office, 1856 - 21ÆäÀÌÁö

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12 ÆäÀÌÁö - If, as has always been understood, the sovereignty of Congress, though limited to specified objects, is plenary as to those objects, the power over commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, is vested in Congress as absolutely as it would be in a single government, having in its constitution the same restrictions on the exercise of the power as are found in the constitution of the United States.
6 ÆäÀÌÁö - to raise and support Armies" and "to provide and maintain a Navy.
12 ÆäÀÌÁö - It is the power to regulate; that is, to prescribe the rule by which commerce is to be governed. This 'power, like all others vested in Congress, is complete in itself, may be exercised to its utmost extent, and acknowledges no limitations other than are prescribed in the Constitution. These are expressed in plain terms, and do not affect the questions which arise in this case, or which have been discussed at the bar.
7 ÆäÀÌÁö - The power over commerce, including navigation, was one of the primary objects for which the people of America adopted their government, and must have been contemplated in forming it. The...
13 ÆäÀÌÁö - The power of Congress, then, comprehends navigation, within the limits of every State in the Union ; so far as that navigation may be, in any manner, connected with "commerce with foreign nations, or among the several States, or with the Indian tribes.
12 ÆäÀÌÁö - The wisdom and the discretion of congress, their identity with the people, and the influence which their constituents possess at elections, are, in this, as in many other instances, as that, for example, of declaring war, the sole restraints on which they have relied, to secure them from its abuse. They are the restraints on which the peop'le must often rely solely, in all representative governments.
6 ÆäÀÌÁö - We know of no rule for construing the extent of such powers, other than is given by the language of the instrument which confers them, taken in connection with the purposes for which they were conferred. The words are: "Congress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes.
13 ÆäÀÌÁö - ... cognizance of all civil causes of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, including all seizures under laws of impost, navigation or trade of the United States, where the seizures are made on waters which are navigable from the sea by vessels of ten or more tons burden, within their respective districts, as well as upon the high seas...
6 ÆäÀÌÁö - The word used in the constitution, then, comprehends, and has been always understood to comprehend, navigation within its meaning; and a power to regulate navigation, is as expressly granted, as if that term had been added to the word "commerce.
11 ÆäÀÌÁö - ... navigable waters; and that therefore the question of the facilities and aids to be provided to navigation, by whatsoever means, is but a subdivision of the great question of the constitutionality and expediency of internal improvements by the General Government. In confirmation of this it is to be remarked that one of the most important acts of appropriation of this class, that of the year 1833, under the Administration of President Jackson, by including together and providing for in one bill...

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