no extra compensa Congress to grant is made; and Congress shall grant no extra compensation to any public tion to contractors contractor, officer, agent or servant, after such contract shall have been made or such service rendered. and officers. Titles of nobility not to be granted, 11. No title of nobility shall be granted by the Confederate States; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, Officers of O. S. not without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolufrom foreign States. ment, office or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. to accept presents Religious freedom. Freedom of speech and of the press. Right of petition. Right to bear and keep arms. 12. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for a redress of griev ances. 13. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Quartering of 14. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. soldiers. Unreasonable searches and seizures prohibited. No warrant to issue but on oath. Trials for capital crimes. 15. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, 16. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise offences or infamous infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the No one to be twice militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor put in jeopardy of life shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property not to be taken with without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. or limb for same of fence. Private property out compensation. Trial by jury in criminal cases. Trial by jury in alvil cases. 17. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. 18. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall excesd twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and Excessive bail not no fact so tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court to be required, nor of the Confederacy, than according to the rules of common law. posed or punishment 19. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, Laws to relate to nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. excessive fines im inflicted. but one subject to be 20. Every law, or resolution having the force of law, shall relate to expressed in the title. but one subject, and that shall be expressed in the title. Limitation of the SECTION 10. 1. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; powers of the States. grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts; or grant any titte of nobility. 2. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any 1 imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the nett produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the Confederate States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of Congress. 3. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, except on sea-going vessels, for the improvement of its rivers and harbors navigated by the said vessels; but such duties shall not conflict with any treaties of the Confederate States with foreign nations; and any surplus revenue, thus derived, shall, after making such improvement, be paid into the common treasury. Nor shall any State keep troops or ships-of-war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. But when any river divides or flows through two or more States, they may enter into compacts with each other to improve the navigation thereof. ARTICLE II. SECTION 1. Executive powers vested in President. Term of office of 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the Confederate States of America. He and the Vice President shall hold their offices for the term of six years; but the President shall not be President and Vice re-eligible. The President and Vice President shall be elected as follows: President. dent and Vice PresiNumber for each State. dent. 2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof Electors of Presimay direct, a number of electors equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative or person holding an office of trust or profit under the Confederate States, shall be appointed an elector. dent, 3. The electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by Meetings of elec tors, and their proballot for President and Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall ceedings. not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the Confederate States, directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest Election of Presinumber of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then, from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States-the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, Election of Vice President. Person ineligible to office of Vice President. then the Vice President shall act as President, as in case of the death, or other constitutional disability of the President. 4. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice Presi dent, shall be the Vice President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then, from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of twothirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 5. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice President of the Confederate States. 6. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, ing electors, and the and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the Confederate States. Congress to prescribe time of choos. day they vote. Eligibility to the office of President. Vice President to act when office of President vacant. Compensation of the President. Oath to be taken by President. Powers and duties of the President. and pardons. 7. No person except a natural born citizen of the Confederate States, or a citizen thereof at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, or a citizen thereof born in the United States prior to the 20th of December, 1860, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the limits of the Confederate States, as they may exist at the time of his election. 8. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President; and the Congress may, by law, provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President; and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed or a President shall be elected. 9. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected; and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the Confederate States, or any of them. 10. Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the Confederate States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution thereof." SECTION 2. 1. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the Confederate States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the Confederate States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective May grant reprieves offices; and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the Confederate States, except in cases of impeachment. 2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the vice and consent of Senate, to make treaties; provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and Appointments to consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the Confederate States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by-law; but the Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, May make treaties by and with the adCongress. office. in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of depart ments. 3. The principal officer in each of the executive departments, and all persons connected with the diplomatic service, may be removed from office at the pleasure of the President. All other civil officers of the executive departments may be removed at any time by the President, or other appointing power, when their services are unnecessary, or for dishonesty, incapacity, inefficiency, misconduct, or neglect of duty; and when so removed, the removal shall be reported to the Senate, together with the reasons there for. When, and by removed from office. whom, officers may be of Senate. 4. The President shall have power to fill all vacancies that may hap- President to fill vapen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which cancies during recess shall expire at the end of their next session; but no person rejected by the Senate shall be re-appointed to the same office during their ensuing recess. SECTION 8. Congress information Confederacy. May convene Conpress on extraordina 1. The President shall, from time to time, give to the Congress in- President to give formation of the state of the Confederacy, and recommend to their of the State of the consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them; and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the Confederate States. SECTION 4. ry occasions. shall receive am bassadors and ministers; and commission officers. Removals from of 1. The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the Confederate States, shall be removed from office on impeachment, for and ace by impeachment conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. crimes. ARTICLE III. SECTION 1. and conviction of vested in one Su compensation of 1. The judicial power of the Confederate States shall be vested in Judicial power one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may, preme Court, etc. from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Term of office and Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good judges. behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. SECTION 2. 1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases arising under this Constitution, the laws of the Confederate States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the Confederate States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State, where the State is plaintiff; between citizens claiming lands under grants of different States; and between a State or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects; but no State shall be sued by a citizen or subject of any foreign state. Extent of the judi cial power. jurisdiction; when appellate. When Supreme 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and conCourt has original suls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. All crimes to be tried by jury. Where such trials to be. 3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. What constitutes treason and how to be proved. scribe punishment of SECTION 3. 1. Treason against the Confederate States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. Congress to pre- 2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason. Not to work treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or corruption of blood, forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. etc. ARTICLE IV. Credit to be given in one State to public SECTION 1. 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, et:., of another, acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Citizens of each State entitled to privi SECTION 2. 1. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges leges, etc., in other and immunities of citizens in the several States; and shall have the right of transit and sojourn in any State of this Confederacy, with their slaves and other property; and the right of property in said slaves shall not be thereby impaired. Statca. Fugitives from jus tice. Fugitive slaves. New States may ae admitted into the Confederacy, 2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime against the laws of such State, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 3. No slave or other person held to service or labor in any State or Territory of the Confederate States, under the laws thereof, escaping or lawfully carried into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor: but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such slave belongs, or to whom such service or labor may be due. SECTION 3. 1. Other States may be admitted into this Confederacy by a vote of two-thirds of the whole House of Representatives and two-thirds of the Senate, the Senate voting by States; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of |