Mr. ROOSEVELT. A great many officers who had been doing instruction work at the academy have been detached and put on active duty. These positions are for civilians entirely. The teaching force at the academy is relatively smaller to-day per capita of students than it was last year, because so many oflicers have been detached.

Commander STANDLEY. I am not prepared to discuss that phase of it, because I am not in the academic branch. That part has been passed on by the superintendent. He could not come here to-day. The actual need for these places, based on the actual work of the academy, is as set down here.

The CHAIRMAN. Do all the professors and instructors receive the same compensation?

Commander STANDLEY. No, sir; the head of the department of English, who has just been appointed, receives $5,200. The minimum is $1,800.

The CHAIRMAN. This provides for the additional men at the minimum compensation?

Commander STANDLEY. Yes, sir.

COMMISSARY DEPARTMENT.

PAY OF EMPLOYEES DIVERSION OF APPROPRIATION MADE FOR EQUIPMENT.

The CHAIRMAN. You are asking an authorization for the use of the appropriation of $30,000 for equipment of the commissary department, United States Naval Academy, for the pay of additional employees in that department, for which an immediate and pressing demand exists. Please explain this. We had the assurance of a very distinguished officer of the Navy that this was not needed.

Commander STANDLEY. That is too increase the pay of the employees in the commissary department.

The CHAIRMAN. What do you want the $30,000 for, the employees? Commander STANDLEY. The Congress now appropriates for the commissary department for a chief cook, 1 at $900; 9 cooks, at $600; and 12 assistants, at $360 each; 1 steward, $1,200; and 2 assistants, $1.080 each

The CHAIRMAN. What additional do you want?

Commander STANDLEY. That list was sent to the committee, and for some reason it failed to get in.

NOTE. The appropriation bill now provides for 65 waiters at $20 per month and 65 waiters at $16 per month, and for various other like unclassified employees, and this number is not sufficient to do the work during the academic year from October to January, but is in excess of the needs for the summer months-June, July, August, and September-so it has been the practice to take on waiters in excess of the authorized number during the academic year and to lay off during the summer months all waiters except those actually needed to take care of the incoming fourth class, these being the only midshipmen at the academy ordinarily during the summer months; but this summer the conditions are entirely different, for instead of the incoming class only being at the academy, the first class of some 200 midshipmen were retained at the academy until June 28, and on July 5 a class of 200 reserve ensigns and 25 civil engineers reported for a summer course, thus requiring additional commissary employees over that of previous summers.

On account of the additional midshipmen provided for by Congress since the act approved March 4, 1917, the present fourth class will be considerably larger than was contemplated when the estimates for 1917 were submitted. This also makes necessary additional commissary employees during the entire year.

Any increase in midshipmen or a continuance of reserve officers' class or any further increase in the number of persons to be quartered and subsisted

as are the midshipmen (a by no means improbable thing) will increase by that much the needs in the commissary department.

The commissary department is now facing a deficit at the end of the year on account of the additional help required to look out for the additional midshipmen and reserve officers now here.

The $30,000 referred to above was requested for the purpose of enabling the commissary department to employ and properly compensate labor as might be necesary to utilize to the fullest extent the facilities of the Naval Academy in the instruction of midshipmen and reserve officers.

When the superintendent informed the Secretary of the Navy that these reserve officers could be taken care of at the academy during the summer it was with the belief and expectation that the $30,000 would be available for the commissary department, as requested.

The CHAIRMAN. Is this to increase their compensation?
Commander STANDLEY. Yes, sir

W. H. S.

The CHAIRMAN. There is not a chance. We are not going to increase the compensation of anybody during the war.

NOTE. This is not, strictly speaking, an “increase of compensation of anybody during the war." as far as the present commissary employees are concerned, for they now, in most cases, actually receive this increase in salary, and the difference between the salaries allowed in the appropriation act approved March 4, 1917, and the salaries they actually receive is paid from the midshipmen's mess fund. This has been found necessary if the commissary department is to find and hold even a very ordinary class of employees.

There are also some commissary employees not provided for in the appropriation act, but who are absolutely necessary and are employed and paid from the midshipmen's mess fund.

It was hoped to use part of the $30,000 to relieve the midshipmen of the above expense, for if this is not done and the cost of living continues to increase it will be necessary to request an increase in the midshipmen's salaries.

In some cases it is absolutly necessary to increase salaries if properly qualified employee are to be had. Congress already has in several instances provided the commissary department with the salaries considered necessary to obtain and hold efficient employees; these salaries were for additional employees made necessary on acount of the use of the marine barracks for midshipmen, and were the same for like employees as were requested in the estimates for 1918, and were explained to and approved by the Naval Committe in December, but for some unknown reason were not included in the appropriation.

The appropriation of this $30,000 in the urgent deficiency act was the result of an effort to correct this oversight, but the unfortunate wording of the bill prevented the use of this money for the purpose intended; and to make the foregoing amount available for this purpose this act should read:

"Naval Academy, commissary department: To provide for adequate compensation for employees in the commissary department and for pay of additional employees required, because there will be two classes instead of one and a reserve officers' class at the Naval Academy during the summer, to be expended at the discretion of the superintendent, $30,000."

W. H. S.

THURSDAY, JULY 26, 1917.

MARINE CORPS.

STATEMENT OF BRIG. GEN. CHARLES L. McCAWLEY,
QUARTERMASTER.

CLOTHING.

The CHAIRMAN. You are asking $2,650,000 for clothing.

Gen. MCCAWLEY. That deficiency, Mr. Chairman, results from a number of causes. In the first place, we have 2,000 additional men

in the corps over the number that we estimated for the last time, which are to be regarded as exclusive of the 30,000 men which Congress authorized. These men are in the Marine Corps Reserve and militia.

The CHAIRMAN. How did you get them?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. They come in under the general law, which authorizes taking in the reserves and militia, and they are exclusive of the number authorized by Congress in establishing the strength of the Marine Corps at 30,000 men. Another fact is that the estimates were based on current contract prices with an allowance for increase which we thought was sufficient, but which was not sufficient in the slightest when the prices actually came in. There is also a material increase of the quantity of clothing which was found to be necessary

Now, all clothing allowances are to be suspended and issues are to be made as the actual needs of the service demand, which will require an increased quantity of clothing, as the man will get what he needs and not what an arbitrary allowance says he shall have. It will take a great deal more clothing than we ever estimated on before.

Mr. SHERLEY. Why is that? Did you not give him what he needed before?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. Oh, yes; but a man might be able to save a good deal of clothing under the old system. A careful soldier would save a good deal of clothing, but

Mr. SHERLEY. Why?

Gen. MCCAWLEY (continuing.). As long as he can get it for nothing there will not be much saving

Mr. SHERLEY. Why will they require more clothing?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. When they are in France or in actual training in this country the hard service that they do requires more clothing than the old allowance would give them.

Mr. SHERLEY. I understand that, but what I had in mind was whether you ought to have some sort of system of issuing clothing which would prevent the careless waste of clothing?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. We issue regulations on that subject. All of our commanding officers and organization commanders are required by this new order to observe the strictest economy in issuing clothing. You see only clothing is issued for the actual needs of a man on account of the service he is performing, but in the training camps in this country they use up clothing in a way that they do not ordinarily use it in the duty that the men have been performing heretofore.

The CHAIRMAN. You were figuring on that additional use when you were here before?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. No, sir: we did not know that this order would be put into effect. As a matter of fact it has just been put into effect on the 15th of July.

Mr. GILLETT. What order is that?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. It is an order requiring clothing allowances to be suspended during the period of the war, and that the men shall have issued to them the clothing actually required, no matter whether it is four or five times in excess of the old allowance or not. Those men, whenever they drew above the allowance in the old days, would have to pay for it out of their pockets, and it would be manifestly

unfair to the men in the trenches in France, if they had drawn their allowance and needed clothing to keep them warm, to have to pay for it out of their own pockets.

Mr. SHERLEY. How about some of the men who under the liberal allowances made heretofore got more than they needed?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. They will now not get any unnecessary clothing. If they do not need clothing, they will not get it.

Mr. SHERLEY. I understand that, but I was wondering whether that would not make some offset as against the additional amount required where there may be a need for clothing.

Gen. MCCAWLEY. No, sir. You see the saving that formerly took place in clothing was something that was paid to the man at the end of his enlistment, and it came out of the paymaster's appropriation. That does not affect this appropriation. We have to buy the clothing itself in kind to be issued to the troops. There was no saving in the clothing appropriation, because I estimated a certain amount.

Mr. SHERLEY. I understand that, but there was a certain amount of clothing issued, and if that clothing allowance was excessive for men who were not engaged in arduous work, which required more wear and tear on their clothing, under your new order you would not have to issue as much clothing as you formerly did.

Gen. MCCAWLEY. But the allowance was not excessive at all. It was right down to the bare minimum, but I am speaking of careful soldiers who would save out of their clothing allowance in four years sometimes quite a little sum of money, $50, $75, or $100 in four years' service.

The CHAIRMAN. How much have these supplies increased?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. Anywhere from 30 to 50 per cent. I can give you an illustration of two or three things. Woolen blankets, for which we paid $3.77, are now costing $5.75, and I am quite satisfied they will be $7 the next time we get bids on them; shoes that we were buying at $3.96 per pair are now $4.50; flannel shirting for which we paid $1.38 a yard, is now $1.60 a yard, and when you are buying 370,000 yards that makes quite a considerable item: winter field flannel, which we use for lining overcoats, which used to cost $1.52 is now costing $1.72, on a purchase of 150,000 yards: khaki suiting that is this stuff that I have on-which was formerly 26 cents, and used to be down to 18 cents three years ago. is now 30 cents and the next price is going to be in the neighborhood of 40 cents, and on a purchase of 300,000 yards amounts to a very considerable item. The figures that I am presenting to you are furbished to us by our manufacturing quartermaster in Philadelphia, a very careful officer, and I am satisfied they are absolutely correct. We will need every cent of that money between now and the 1st of July.

REPAIRS TO BARRACKS-CANTONMENTS AT PORT ROYAL, S. C., AND

QUANTICO, VA.

The CHAIRMAN. The next item is "For repairs of barracks, Marine Corps, including the same objects specified under this head in the naval appropriation act for the fiscal year 1918, $500.000,"

Gen. MCCAWLEY. That was due, sir, to the establishment of two of these cantonments, one at Port Royal, our recruiting depot in

South Carolina, where all of our recruits from the east go and where they have preliminary training, a training course of nine weeks; and the other at Quantico. We started in to build a cantonment at Port Royal for 3,000 men, little wooden buildings, very simple and plain, but it soon became apparent, after we got started, that it had to be increased and now it has been built for 6,000 men. At the other training station at Quantico, down the river here, we started on the basis of 5,000 men. We have had to increase it to 7,000 men. So that has made the difference.

The CHAIRMAN. You will have half of your men in training camps?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. Then we have another recruiting station at Mare Island, where there are about 3,500 men on which we have spent nearly $100,000.

The CHAIRMAN. You only have 30,000 all together?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. Yes; then we have about 4,000 at sea, and I can tell you where they all are.

The CHAIRMAN. About 18,000 out of the 30,000 will be in these camps?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. You see our barracks are only sufficient for the accommodation of 5,000 men, our permanent barracks; that is all we have, and the rest of them have to be somewhere else.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you not put them on ships?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. Yes; we have about 4.000 men on board ships, all that the Navy will take. I brought with me some illustrations of these two cantonments, thinking they might be of interest to you.

Mr. GILLETT. Is the reason you only have barracks for 5,000 because the marines are generally-or a large proportion of them-on duty somewhere?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. No, Mr. Gillett; it is largely due to the fact that we have had such a tremendous increase in the Marine Corps; within a year the Marine Corps has been trebled, from 10,000 men to 30,000

men.

Mr. GILLETT. But you have always had accommodations at your barracks for 5,000 men?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. Yes; but we had about 4,000 of them on board ship. We were a little short of barracks before this great increase in the corps took place; we did not have sufficient quarters for all of our men, but it was not so bad as it is now; now it is out of all proportion. You may be interested in this. This is the cantonment indicating photograph] at Port Royal; that is a mile and a quarter long and it is right along the beach there.

Mr. GILLETT. Where is Port Royal-just outside of Charleston? Gen. MCCAWLEY. No; it is below Charleston; it is a little station by itself.

Mr. GILLETT. It is not in the Charleston Harbor, then?

Gen. MCCAWLEY. No: it is some distance below Charleston. That cantonment has just been finished.

The CHAIRMAN. How much are these cantonments costing you? Gen. MCCAWLEY. This one is going to cost about $600,000. Here is the one at Quantico, and it is not finished yet. We saved $100,000 on this one at Port Royal by the employment of enlisted men; we could not save anything on the one at Quantico because we had no men there. The one at Port Royal was built while the recruiting