of the Legislature, the Industrial Board concluded that special rules applicable to foundries were necessary; therefore a committee on foundries was organized. This committee shows a greater degree of co-operation between employers and employees than most of our committees. Many meetings have been held and tentative rules have been submitted to the Board and accepted. Public hearings have been ordered and the established procedure will be followed until the rules are adopted and become effective.

COMMITTEE ON BAKERIES AND CONFECTIONERIES

The duty of prescribing a sanitary code for bakeries and confectioneries was laid upon the Industrial Board by legislative enactment. The committee on bakeries and confectioneries was organized in order that the Board might secure first hand information and advice from those best qualified to furnish it, so that the code when adopted would reflect the judgment of practical citizens. The usual procedure was followed and eventually the code was adopted and published in Bulletin No. 4.

COMMITTEE ON THE MILLING INDUSTRY

The organization of this committee was the result of an investigation into the causes of a serious explosion in a cereal mill in the city of Buffalo. The investigation demonstrated the need of rules to govern the construction, operation and maintenance of flour and cereal mills. The committee prepared rules and hearings were given and the Industrial Board is now about to act finally in the matter of their adoption.

COMMITTEE ON DANGEROUS TRADES AND PROCESSES

This committee has not been fully organized and plans for its work have not been fully developed. It will recommend such rules as may be necessary to safeguard operatives in accordance with well established standards of practice so far as they obtain, and in new fields it will recommend the adoption of rules that will effectuate safety according to the most modern scientific standards.

COMMITTEE ON MINES, TUNNELS AND QUARRIES

This committee has not been organized. Other duties laid upon the Industrial Board seemed to be more pressing. Moreover, the employees in this field are under the protection of rules promulgated by the Commissioner of Labor, which rules are to remain effective until amended or repealed by the Board.

ADVANTAGES OF THE CO-OPERATIVE METHOD OF PREPARING RULES This brief resume of the work of the Board's committees is given with the idea of emphasizing the importance and practicability of the plan which was adopted. It brings into active contact the diverse interests that are concerned in the work in hand. Bringing face to face the representatives of capital and labor, to discuss subjects of vital interest to each group, serves not alone the purpose of working out satisfactory rules to govern the one and safeguard the other, but it also promotes good feeling and a better understanding of the motives that actuate them. It tends to the substitution of harmony and confidence for discord and distrust. For these reasons it is felt that this feature of the Board's procedure should be properly supported.

If the plan of evolving tentative rules through the medium of volunteer or unofficial committees is to survive and become more and more efficient the State should appropriate a reasonable sum of money for the payment of the traveling and hotel expenses of those who serve, such payments to be made in accordance with the established rules of the State Comptroller.

In regard to this question, the manufacturing and business concerns which have so generously contributed to the State in the matter of services on our committees are entitled to great credit. They are willing to continue their contributions, as the excerpts from their communications upon the subject, incorporated herein, would indicate.

The appropriation of one thousand dollars, available October 1, 1914, was practically exhausted in three months; in consequence the Board communicated with the manufacturing and other concerns whose representatives were on its committees, explaining the situation and urging that they continue to render assistance. The responses were very encouraging, as shown in the following quotations:

Excerpts from Communications Sent to the Board in Regard to Expenses of Committee Members

From Mr. G. E. Emmons, Manager, General Electric Works, Schenectady, December 22, 1914:

We have your favor of the 18th, in which you ask that our Mr. Charles J. Wiltshire be continued as a member of the Committee on Foundries, without further expense to the State.

We are perfectly willing to comply with your request, believing that the advice of Mr. Wiltshire, based upon his long practical experience as a foundryman, will be of advantage not only to your committee but also to foundry interests in general.

Also under date of December 23, 1914:

Referring to your favor of the 18th concerning Mr. C. L. York, my letter of yesterday in reference to Mr. C. J. Wiltshire will also apply to Mr. York.

From Mr. M. H. Christopherson, General Works Manager, Otis Elevator Company, Yonkers, December 24, 1914:

I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of December 18th, advising that the appropriation for the payment of committee expenses is now exhausted. Nevertheless, I hope to attend our next meeting called by the chairman January 19th, at Buffalo.

I trust the State will soon be in position financially so that they can pay the committee's expenses, as it seems only reasonable to expect the State to pay our expenses, as the members of the committee are high priced employees, and it is quite enough for the companies and corporations employing them to pay their salaries and not be burdened with the traveling and hotel expenses.

From Mr. J. D. Pennock, General Manager, The Solvay Process Company, Syracuse, January 16, 1915:

Replying to yours of recent date in which you inquire whether our Mr. C. K. Mallory, member of the Committee on Fire Hazards, may be permitted to continue in that capacity even though the Board cannot assume the expenses of the members on the various committees of the Board, due to lack of appropriation for this purpose, would say that for the present at least we shall be very glad to allow Mr. Mallory to serve on this committee.

We feel that the organization of the Industrial Board is excellent and that the sub-committees reporting to the Board are composed of capable engineers and experts in their line and that they have been conscientiously working for the best interests of the various industries of the State and the interests of the people as well. To my mind it would be a great pity if the Industrial Board should in any way be hampered in the good service that it is doing for the State. I further believe that this is the general opinion of manufacturers throughout the State.

From Mr. J. H. Haste, Manager Kodak Park Works, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, January 7, 1915:

I note that the appropriation for the payment of the expenses of members of the committees of the Industrial Board is about exhausted. It will, of course, make no difference in regard to the services of either Mr. Ancona or myself on these committees.

From Parsons and Company, General Agents, Utilities Mutual Insurance Company, 51 Wall Street, New York, January 28,

1915:

We are very pleased to note your statements regarding the value of Mr. Morrow's services to the Industrial Board as a member of the Committee on Dangerous Machinery. We consider ourselves very fortunate in having Mr. Morrow a member of your committee and we are quite willing to have him continue if you so desire, provided that his trips to New York City do not require more than a few days of his time each month.

We are particularly anxious to cooperate with those bodies doing active work along the lines which you are performing. If at a later date it is possible to defray Mr. Morrow's traveling expenses out of the appropriation made by the State, we will appreciate the same.

From Mr. J. H. Manning, Superintendent of Motive Power, Delaware and Hudson Company, Colonie, N. Y., December 23,

1914:

Beg to acknowledge receipt of your favor of December 18th with reference to the appropriation for payment of expenses of members of the committee being exhausted. We shall be glad to allow Mr. Levee to continue as a member of the Committee on Dangerous Machinery.

From Mr. Frank E. Wheeler, President International Heater Company, Utica, December 21, 1914:

Your favor of the 18th instant is received. If the appropriation for the committees connected with the Industrial Board has run out there is nothing more to be said, except that that fact will not prevent my attending the meetings of the committee. I do feel, however, very seriously and sincerely, that our expenses should be borne by the State. It should be sufficient to ask of us that we give our time.

From Mr. L. R. Cooper, Secretary, The Crosby Company; Buffalo, December 21, 1914:

We have your letter of the 18th, and note with regret that the appropriation for the payment of expenses for members of the different committees of the Board has been exhausted. We feel, however, that the matter is of considerable importance and that the mere matter of expense would not be a

sufficient reason for withdrawing. We therefore expect to stay in, and the writer hopes to meet you at all subsequent meetings.

From Mr. L. E. Harmon, President Buffalo Cereal Company, Buffalo, December 26, 1914:

I beg to acknowledge your favor of December 18th, and note that the appropriation for payment of expenses for members of the different committees of the Board has been exhausted.

It is certainly my intention to continue my services as a member of the Committee on Milling Industry, but at the same time think it is only fair that the State should reimburse me for at least traveling expenses. I suppose I could get this amount by asking the different milling industries for a subscription for same, but have never cared to do this. I think if the Board could secure funds for paying the traveling expenses only, it would be perfectly satisfactory, as the balance of expenses I should be very willing to meet. However, this may not be possible at the present time, and you can rest assured that I will not discontinue my services on this account.

Plea for Appropriations to Continue the Work

The writers of the foregoing communications furnish examples of fine public spirit; at the same time it is quite evident that some of them regard it as an imposition that they should be permitted to pay their own traveling and hotel expenses while rendering free service to the State.

Regarding the representation of employees on the Board's committees, the situation is very different. They are not in a position to do what the manufacturers are willing and able to do. Unless the expenses of their representatives are paid they cannot attend the meetings.

Under these circumstances, unless relief is granted in the form of a reasonably substantial appropriation to be devoted to the payment of the expenses of the Industrial Board's committees, a most unfortunate situation will at once arise. Labor will drop out of active participation in the work of formulating rules which are to bear a vital relation to their daily existence and well-being. The plan of the Industrial Board to inspire confidence and interest in its work through the co-operative or committee system of evolving rules will lose its effectiveness. Such a result would be a great pity and a serious loss.

Because the Industrial Board believes that the plan adopted and described herein is quite essential to the proper performance of