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year; and an established right in the officers of government, to claim their compensations which amount to several hundred thousand dollars per annum, either on the first day of the year, or on. the first day of a quarter, before the services were rendered, would create a demand at a time, when there might not, and possibly would not be, a single shilling in the Treasury, arising out of that ap-. propriation to satisfy it.

The foregoing facts and reflections, Sir, are addressed to you; and although I believe they cannot more fully confirm those convictions of your own guilt, with which you are impressed, and would, therefore, in that view, have been withheld; yet, Sir, respect for the public opinion, to which the verity of the charges against you is submitted, has induced me to offer them.

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Nor, Sir, can I close the correspondence with you on this subject, without remarking, that the charges which I have adduced against the President, the late Secretary of the Treasury and yourself, are of solemn and serious import; that they were not lightly and trivially made, nor are, or will be, lightly and trivally supported before any tribunal, which jointly or severally you dare appeal to; that, specifically repeated, they stand as follows:

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1st. A violation of the laws of appropriation by Congress;

2dly. A violation of the laws granting compensation to the President, for his services;

"3dly. A violation of the constitution of the United States, in various parts and clauses of it; and,

"4thly. A violation of your several and respective

oaths of office.

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"Finally, Sir, whilst I know of no crime or misdemeanor against the constitution and the laws, greater or higher than that which you have severally committed, I confide in the paramount justice of my country, and the perfect integrity of those constituted authorities, with whom the power of impeachment resides, that the 4th section of the second article of the constitution, which provides "that the President, Vice-President, and all civil "officers of the United States, shall be removed "from office, on impeachment for, and conviction "of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and "misdemeanors," was not made in vain, or is to be regarded by the people of the United States, as a mere dead letter.

" November 2, 1795."

"A CALM OBSERVER."

Extract from a Justification, published by Mr. Hamilton, dated 11th November, 1795.

"It is requisite to enquire further, whether there has been any improper use or rather abuse of the discretion which is contended for; for here there is likewise an unquestionable responsibility.—It is seen that the advances have at no time equalled one quarter's salary.

"I ask, was it unreasonable or unfit, if constitutional and legal, to afford the President of thẹ United States an accommodation to this extent.

"I pledge my veracity, that I have always understood, and to this moment I have good reason to be satisfied, that the expenses of the President, those of his household and others incident to his official situation, have fully equalled, if not, on some occasions, exceeded the allowance made to

him by the United States. Under this conviction, especially, how could the head of a department hesitate, by so small an accommodation as the advance of less than a quarter's salary, to enable the President of the United States to meet his expenses as they accrued, without being obliged to intrench upon his own private resources, or to resort to the expedient of borrowing to defray expenses imposed upon him by public situation? I knew that no possible risk could attend the advance, little considerable as it was. The estate of the President was answerable in case of death or other premature vacancy, and abundant for the indemnification of the Government.

"Reasons of a peculiar kind forbade hesitationnamely, the scale of expense was unavoidably such as to render the income even of what is deemed a large landed property in this country a slender auxiliary Without an advance from the Treasury, it was not improbable BORROWING might be necessary-Was it just to compel the President to resort to that expedient for a purpose in fact public, at his private expense? Was it for the dignity of the nation that he should have been exposed to a necessity, to an embarrassment of this sort?

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My judgment and feelings answered both these questions in the negative. I entertained no doubt of the constitutionality or legality of the advanceand I thought the making of it due to the situation; due to propriety; due to every public consideration connected with the subject-I can never regret it.

"How far the President was privy to the course of advancing, I cannot say-But it is certain they have been all made to his private secretaries upon a general arrangement, and not by special directions from him. I think it proper to add, that very early in the day, and probably before any advance was made, on an application by Mr. LEAR for a sum

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which would constitute an advance, he qualified it by this observation, "if in your opinion it can be "done with legality and perfect propriety;" I answered, that I had no doubt of either.

The following Abstract closed Mr. Hamilton's Justification.

Quarterly Statements of the Account for Compensation of the President of the United States, from his taking the Oath of Office on the 30th April, 1789, to the 30th September, 1795.

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Due the President 31st March,

June 30. Compensation due,

Warrants drawn,

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8,246:66

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