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Note.-A pause may be made after a nominative, even when it consists of only one word, if it be a word of importance, or if wa wish it to be particularly observed.

EXAMPLES.

1. Adversity is the school of piety.

2. The fool hath said in his heart there is no God.

RULE II.-When any member comes between the nomina tive case and the verb, it must be separated from both of them by a short pause.

EXAMPLES.

1. Trials in this state of being are the lot of man.

2. Such is the constitution of men, that virtue however it may be neglected, for a time will ultimately be acknowledged and respected.

RULE III.- When any member comes between the verb and the objective or accusative case, it must be separated from both of them by a short pause.

EXAMPLE.

I knew a person who possessed the faculty of distinguishing flavors in so great a perfection, that, after having tasted ten different kinds of tea, he would distinguish without seeing the color of it the particular sort which was offered him.

RULE IV.— When two verbs come together, and the latter is in the infinitive mood, if any words come between, they must be separated from the latter verb by a pause

EXAMPLE.

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The stings and arrows of outrageous fortune;

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them?

Note. When the verb to be is followed by a verb in the infinitive mood, which may serve as a nominative case to it, and the phrases before and after the verb may be transposed, then the pause falls between the verbs.

EXAMPLE.

The greatest misery is to be condemned by our own hearts.

RULE V.--When several substantives become the nominatives to the same verb, a pause must be made between the last substantive and the verb, as well as after each of the other substantives.

EXAMPLE.

Riches, pleasure, and health become evils to those who do not know how to use them.

RULE VI.-If there are several adjectives belonging to one substantive, or several substantives belonging to one adjective, every adjective coming after its substantive, and every adjective coming before the substantive except the last, must be separated by a short pause.

EXAMPLE.

1. It was a calculation accurate to the last degree. Note.-This rule applies also to sentences in which several adverbe belong to one verb, or several verbs to one adverb.

EXAMPLES.

1. To love wisely, rationally, and prudently, is, in the opinion of lovers, not to love at all.

2. Wisely, rationally, and prudently to love, is, in the opinion of lovers, not to love at all.

RULE VII.- Whatever words are in the ablative absolute,

must be separated from the rest by a short pause both before and after them.

EXAMPLE.

If a man borrow aught of his neighbor, and it be hurt or die, the owner thereof not being with it, he shall surely make it good.

RULE VIII.-Nouns in opposition, or words in the same case,where the latter are only explanatory of the former, have a short pause between them, either if both of these nouns consist of many terms, or the latter only.

EXAMPLES.

1. Hope, the balm of life, soothes us under every misfortune.

2. Solomon, the son of David, and the builder of the temple of Jerusalem, was the richest monarch that reigned over the Jewish people.

RULE IX.- When two substantives come together, and

the latter, which is in the genitive case, consists of several words closely united with each other, a pause is admissible between the two principal substantives.

EXAMPLE.

I do not know whether I am singular in my opinion, but, for my own part, I would rather look upon a tree in all its luxuriancy, and difsion of boughs and branches, than when it is cut and trimmed into a mathematical figure.

RULE X.-Who, which, when in the nominative case, and the pronoun that, when used for who or which, require a short pause before them.

EXAMPLES.

1. Death is the season which brings our affections to the test.

2. Nothing is in vain that rouses the soul: nothing in vain that keeps the ethereal fire alive and glowing.

3. A man can never be obliged to submit to any power, unless he can be satisfied who is the person who has a right to exercise it.

RULE XI.-Pause before that, when it is used for a con junction.

EXAMPLE.

It is in society only that we can relish those pure delicious joys which embellish and gladden the life of man..

RULE XII.- When a pause is necessary at prepositions and conjunctions, it must be before, and not after them.

EXAMPLES.

1. We must not conform to the world in their amusements and diversions.

2. There is an inseparable connection between piety and virtue.

RULE XIII.-In an elliptical sentence, pause where the ellipsis takes place.

EXAMPLE.

To our faith we should add virtue; and to virtue tnowledge; and to knowledge temperance; and to tem

perance patience; and to patience godliness; and to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity.

RULE XIV.-Words placed either in opposition to, or in apposition with each other, must be distinguished by a pause.

EXAMPLE.

The pleasures of the imagination, taken in their full extent, are not so gross as those of sense, nor so refined as those of the understanding.

RULE XV.-When prepositions are placed in oppositium to each other, and all of them are intimately connected with another word, the pause after the second preposition must be shorter than that after the first, and the pause after the third shorter than that after the second.

EXAMPLE.

Rank, distinction, pre-eminence, no man despises, unless he is either raised very much above, or sunk very much below, the ordinary standard of human nature.

RULES FOR READING VERSE.

On the Slides or Inflections of Verse.

1. The first general rule for reading verse is, that we ought to give it that measured harmonious flow of sound which distinguishes it from prose, without falling into a bombastic, chanting pronunciation, which makes it ridiculous.

2. It will not be improper, before we read verse with

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