A Short History of Political Economy in England: From Adam Smith to Arnold ToynbeeMethuen and Company, 1891 - 201페이지 |
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3 페이지
... term of ' apprenticeship ' to the mastership of arts ; and then he returned to Kirk- caldy , and , after some two years had passed , began to 1 Bagehot , Economic Studies , p . I. lecture on rhetoric and belles - lettres in Edinburgh ...
... term of ' apprenticeship ' to the mastership of arts ; and then he returned to Kirk- caldy , and , after some two years had passed , began to 1 Bagehot , Economic Studies , p . I. lecture on rhetoric and belles - lettres in Edinburgh ...
6 페이지
... term ' manufacturer ' in its original sense . In many cases a workman was unable to practise a handicraft unless he had served a regular apprenticeship , and received the license of a trade - corporation . The number of apprentices a ...
... term ' manufacturer ' in its original sense . In many cases a workman was unable to practise a handicraft unless he had served a regular apprenticeship , and received the license of a trade - corporation . The number of apprentices a ...
12 페이지
... terms ' natural ' and naturally ' is , it is true , fluctuating , and it is not free from confusing ambiguity ; and his own confident belief in the beneficent government of the world by Divine Providence led him to think that , in the ...
... terms ' natural ' and naturally ' is , it is true , fluctuating , and it is not free from confusing ambiguity ; and his own confident belief in the beneficent government of the world by Divine Providence led him to think that , in the ...
14 페이지
... term ' economic theory . ' In the former the " causes " of " improve- ment " in the " productive powers of labour , " and the " order according to which its produce is naturally distributed among the different ranks and conditions of ...
... term ' economic theory . ' In the former the " causes " of " improve- ment " in the " productive powers of labour , " and the " order according to which its produce is naturally distributed among the different ranks and conditions of ...
18 페이지
... term ' simple co - operation ' to denote what happens when several persons help each other in the same occupation , working together " at the same time , in the same place , and in the same way , " as , for instance , in the felling of ...
... term ' simple co - operation ' to denote what happens when several persons help each other in the same occupation , working together " at the same time , in the same place , and in the same way , " as , for instance , in the felling of ...
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abstract Adam Smith advantage agricultural amount applied argument ARNOLD TOYNBEE Bagehot Bank of England banker bill-brokers buyers Cairnes capital and labour cash cash-reserve chapter circumstances Cliffe Leslie commerce commodities competition conception considerations Corn Laws criticism cultivation demand division of labour economic inquiry Economic Studies economists effects employed English essay exchange expenses of production facts gold greater historical method important improvement individual industry influence interest investigation Jevons JOHN ELLIOTT CAIRNES land landlord laws less Lombard Street London Malthus manufactures marginal utility means ment Mill Mill's moral natural liberty normal price obtained original perhaps period Political Economy position possessed practical present Principles of Political produce profits quantity recognised remarks result Ricardo rise seems sellers social reform society statistical supply tended theory of rent theory of value Toynbee trade utility wages Wealth of Nations workman writings wrote
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16 페이지 - The fourth and last maxim may be called that of economy ,- for, according to it, "every tax ought to be so contrived as both to take out and to keep out of the pockets of the people as little as possible, over and above what it brings into the public treasury of the state.
16 페이지 - THE annual labour of every nation is the fund which originally supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniences of life which it annually consumes, and which consist always either in the immediate produce of that labour, or in what is purchased with that produce from other nations.
17 페이지 - ... it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head ; to make the head requires two or three distinct operations ; to put it on is a peculiar business, to whiten the pins is another ; it is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper ; and the important business of making a pin is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which, in some manufactories, are all performed by distinct hands, though in others the same man will...
46 페이지 - Population invariably increases where the means of subsistence increase, unless prevented by some very powerful and obvious checks. 3. These checks, and the checks which repress the superior power of population, and keep its effects on a level with the means of subsistence, are all resolvable into moral restraint, vice, and misery.
28 페이지 - The gold and silver money which circulates in any country may very properly be compared to a highway, which, while it circulates and carries to market all the grass and corn of the country, produces itself not a single pile of either.
15 페이지 - The maxim of equality enjoins • that the " subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities ; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state."- ,The second maxim is that of I certainty.
9 페이지 - All systems either of preference or of restraint, therefore, being thus completely taken away, the obvious and simple system of natural liberty establishes itself of its own accord. Every man, as long as he does not violate the laws of justice, is left perfectly free to pursue his own interest his own way, and to bring both his industry and capital into competition with those of any other man, or order of men.
13 페이지 - What is the species of domestic industry which his capital can employ, and of which the produce is likely to be of the greatest value, every individual, it is evident, can, in his local situation, judge much better than any statesman or lawgiver can do for him.
92 페이지 - I now had opinions; a creed, a doctrine, a philosophy; in one among the best senses of the word, a religion; the inculcation and diffusion of which could be made the principal outward purpose of a life.
96 페이지 - The social problem of the future we considered to be, how to unite the greatest individual liberty of action, with a common ownership in the raw material of the globe, and an equal participation of all in the benefits of combined labour.