in reference to the motto, whilst the shield he holds is in allusion to the representation of the Earldom of Liverpool and Barony of Hawkesbury.

The supporters of the arms are "on either side a griffin or, beaked, membered, ducally gorged, and on the wing three fleurs de lis one and two, all azure, that on the dexter side charged on the breast with a torteau thereon a cross crosslet fitchée argent, (the badge of Howard,) and that on the sinister with a pellet, thereon a stag's head caboshed also argent, (the badge of Cavendish.)

N.B.-The griffins were chosen as supporters owing to the fact of Lord Hawkesbury's mother, Lady Milton, having inherited the Evelyn estates in the partition of her father's property, and the fleurs de lis on their wings refer to the French origin of the Evelyn family, whilst the Howard and Cavendish badges allude to Lord Hawkesbury's first and second marriages.

Avening. At the recent meeting of the British Association at Nottingham, in the anthropological section, Mr. Brabrook proposed an ethnographical survey of the United Kingdom to be carried out by local investigators. Mr. Brabrook stated "that the village of Avening is in a retired Gloucestershire valley through which a road was made for first time about 40 years ago. Until then, so closely did the inhabitants keep themselves, that they allowed no one to marry out of the village. They hated strangers, and had a reputation for wildness and everything that was bad. They are more civilized now, but still very conservative."

THE

An Early Dursley Deed.

HE deed, of which a transcript follows, comes from Mr. Denison Jones' muniments, and is now printed by his permission. Although dated so long ago as 1465, it is in fair preservation, save that the words in italics have in recent years decayed away. Of the four seals, two, presumably those of Pacye and Davies, remain, the latter being quite perfect. It is a merchant's mark, an X, the upper and lower ends being connected

by horizontal lines, and surmounted by a cross, of which the stem springs from the centre of the X. Pacye's is simply the profile of a head of classic type looking towards the sinister. Some interest attaches to the form of the deed itself, which is in the nature of a post nuptial settlement of property belonging to John Vale and his wife. It appears that they had enfeoffed Fylymore, Pacye, Phelpis and Davies, whom we may called the trustees, of a house at Woodmancote. The trustees then leased the premises to Vale and his wife for life, and after their death entailed them upon the two daughters, in succession, viz., Alice, the wife of John Wolleworth, and Margaret, the second daughter, who was, it would seem, unmarried, with an ultimate remainder in favour of the heir of one Robert Copenore. It was a somewhat roundabout method of attaining the end aimed at, though, perhaps, not more so than modes in use at later periods.

As regards the parties themselves, William Fylymore is probably the same individual as William Finimore of Dursley, whose will was proved in the P.C.C. in 1492, and this is the earliest instance that the name has been noted in Gloucestershire. Walter Phelpis another of the trustees, we may hazard a conjecture, was an ancestor of that family of Phelpis now lords of the manor of Woodmancote, where was situated the property dealt with by this deed. It is worth notice that both families of Phelps and Phillimore were associated with the clothing trade for fully three hundred years after the date of this deed, and both names still occur amongst the freeholders of Dursley. Of Thomas Davies, John Davies, and William Davies, who witnessed the deed, we know nothing, though, as the first-named used a special seal, it is not unlikely that he was a man of means and some local importance. A John Davys, gent., left a will proved in 1534, in the P.C.C., while Jane Davys' will was proved in 1542. Both were of Dursley. The will of a John Davy of Doursley was recorded in 1487. These may have been of the same family, though obviously the commonness of the name is an obstacle to any serious identification. Special interest, however, attaches to the remaining trustee, Thomas Pacye, and to John Vale. They must have been of foreign descent, for in the Lay subsidy roll of 16 Henry VI. we find both "Johes Vale de Dursly" and "Thomas Pryce de eadem" paying sixteen pence as "aliens." As this was only 27 years before the date of the deed, it is very likely that they are the same individuals as those mentioned in it. Other "aliens" resident in Dursley are mentioned in the same roll,

viz., William Savage, Andrew Taillor, Philip Mason and Thomas Laborer. None of them, it will be seen, had foreign surnames. Probably they had been completely Anglicized, and their only trace of foreign origin was shown by their being placed for taxation in the alien rolls. Of other persons mentioned in this deed Robert Tanner reminds us that the Trinity Chantry in Dursley is traditionally said to have been founded by Thomas Tanner, who flourished "about the middle of the fourteenth century," and, therefore, was contemporary with this Robert Tanner. Katherine Mody's also was a surname well known in Dursley. As to John A Badam Workeman, he may very well have been akin to Alice Abadam of Durseley, aud William Badam, also of Dursely, whose wills were respectively proved in the P.C.C. in 1506 and 1493. It is hardly likely that they were related to the powerful Ap Adams of Beverstone, who sate in the House of Lords in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries; the addition of his quality "workeman" may possibly exemplify to us the origin of that familiar Gloucestershire surname Workman, which is probably a synonym for Smith or Wright. John Vale's daughter married John Wollworth, showing that though an "alien" he must have been a man of note in Dursley, for his son-in-law belonged to one of the chief families in Dursley. Webb, alias Woolworth, is a name constantly recurring in Dursley annals. According to Fuller, the Webbs also were of foreign origin, for he tells us that the founder of the family was a Flemish clothier invited to England by Edward III.

Of the Copenor family who were placed in remainder to these premises we know nothing. As to the witnesses, William Bodenham would be either the Rector of Dursley, or else one of the chantry priests, and Nicholas Daunt, no doubt was one of the well-known Owlpen family of that name. John de Awre or his ancestors must have come from that village.

To the copy of the deed which follows we add a translation:

SCIANT presentes & futuri, quod nos Willielmus Fylymore Thomas Paser, alias dictus Pacye, Walterus Phelpis de Durseley in comitatu Gloucestrie, Clothiers, et Thomas Davies de eadem in dicto Comitatu Bouchar, tradidimus dimisimus et hac presenti carta nostra indentata confirmavimus Johanni Vale de Durseley predicta & Johanne, uxori ejus, totum illud tenementum nostrum cum edificiis gardino & omnibus aliis pertinentiis suis situatum in Durseley predicta infra dominium

de Wodemancote inter tenementum Roberti Tanner ex una parte et tenementum Katarine Mody, in quo Johannes A Badam Werkemon modo inhabitat, ex altera parte, quod quidem tenementum cum edificijs gardino & omnibus aliis pertinentibus, suis nuper habuimus ex dono & feoffamento predicti Johannis Vale and Johanne, uxoris ejus, Habendum & tenendum predictum tenementum cum edificijs gardino & omnibus aliis suis pertinentibus prefato Johanni Vale & Johanne, uxori ejus, ad terminum vite eorum De Capitali Domino feodi illius per servicia inde debita & de jure consueta. Quod post decessum predicti Johannis Vale & Johanne uxoris ejus, volumus, quod predictum tenementum cum edificiis gardino & omnibus aliis pertinentibus suis Johanni Wolleworth & Alicie uxori ejus filie predicti Johannis Vale & Johanne, & heredibus de corporibus eorum legitime procreatis integre remaneant. Quod pro defectu talis exitus volumus, quod predictum tenementum cum edificiis gardino & omnibus aliis pertinentibus suis Margarete, secunde filie dicti Johannis Vale & Johanne, & heredibus de corpore suo legitime procreatis integre remaneant. Quod pro defectu talis exitus volumus, quod predictum tenementum cum edificiis gardino & omnibus aliis suis pertinentibus propinquiori heredi de sanguine Roberti Copenore quondam de Durseley predicta integre remaneant in perpetuum De Capitali domino feodi illius per servicia inde debita & de jure consueta. In cujus rei testimonium his scriptis indentatis sigilla nostra apposuimus.

His testibus, Willelmo Bodenam, clerico, Johanne Davies, Nicholao Daunt, Willelmo Davies, Ricardo de Aure, Johanne Glover, Hugone Nicholas, & aliis Datum vicesimo die Junii Anno regni Regis Edwardi quarti post conquestum, quinto.

KNOW all men present & future, that we William Fylymore, Thomas Paser, otherwise called Pacye, Walter Phelpis, of Durseley, in the County of Gloucester, Clothiers, and Thomas Davies of the same, in the said County, Boucher, have leased demised and by this our present charter indented, have confirmed

NN

to John Vale, of Durseley aforesaid, & Joan his wife, all that our tenement with the buildings garden & all other its appurtenances, situate in Durseley aforesaid within the lordship of Wodemancote between the tenements of Robert Tanner on the one side, and the tenement of Katharine Mody, in which John A Badam Werkeman now dwells, on the other side, which same tenement with the buildings garden & all other its appurtenances we have lately had by the grant & feoffment of the aforesaid John Vale & Joane, his wife, to have and to hold the aforesaid tenement with the buildings garden & all other its appurtenances to the said John Vale & Joane, his wife, for the term of their lives, of the Chief Lord of that fee for the services therefor due & of right accustomed. That after the decease of the aforesaid John Vale & Joane, his wife, we will that the said tenement with the buildings garden & all other its appurtenances shall wholly remain to John Wolleworth & Alice, his wife, daughter of the said John Vale & Joane, & to the heirs of their bodies lawfully begotten. That in default of such issue we will that the said tenement with the buildings garden and all other its appurtenances shall wholly remain to Margaret, the second daughter of the said John Vale & Joane, & to the heirs of her body lawfully begotten. That in default of such issue we will, that the aforesaid tenement with the buildings garden & all other its appurtenances shall wholly remain for ever to the first-born heir in blood of Robert Copenore, formerly of Durseley aforesaid of the Chief Lord of that fee by the services therefor due & of right accustomed. In testimony of which deed we have set our seals to these writings. These being witnesses, William Bodenam, clerk, John Davies, Nicholas Daunt, William Davies, Richard de Aure, John Glover, Hugh Nicholas, & others. Given on the twentieth day of June in the fifth year of the reign of King Edward, the fourth after the Conquest. [i.e. 1465].

THE

Archæological Discovery in Gloucester.

HE Gloucester Journal for the 6 September, 1884, contains the following note which we here reprint.

During the week an interesting archæological discovery has been made in Gloucester. Some men were engaged in sewerage