or in part, in the action in which the attachment in this title referred to shall have issued. And where a judgment shall have been recovered and collected in part only, the amount of his poundage shall not be estimated upon any sum greater than the sum collected upon such judgment. And where a settlement shall be had, the amount of his poundage shall not be estimated upon any sum greater than the amount at which said settlement is made.

CHAPTER V.

Provisional Remedies.

244. A receiver may be appointed:

1. Before judgment, on the application of either party, when he establishes an apparent right to property which is the subject of the action, and which is in the possession of an adverse party, and the property, or its rents and profits, are in danger of being lost or materially injured or impaired, except in cases where judgment upon failure to answer may be had without application to the court.

2. After judgment, to carry the judgment into effect.

3. After judgment, to dispose of the property according to the judgment, or to preserve it during the pendency of an appeal, or when an execution has been returned unsatisfied, and the judgment debtor refuses to apply his property in satisfaction of the judgment.

4. In the cases provided in this Code, and by special statutes, when a corporation has been dissolved, or is insolvent, or in imminent danger of insolvency, or has forfeited its corporate rights; and in like

cases, of the property within this state of foreign corporations. Receivers of the property within this state of foreign or other corporations shall be allowed such commissions as may be fixed by the court appointing them, not exceeding five per cent on the amount received and disbursed by them.

5. In such other cases as are now provided by law or may be in accordance with the existing practice, except as otherwise provided in this act.

When it is admitted by the pleading or examination of a party, that he has in his possession, or under his control, any money or other thing capable of delivery, which, being the subject of the litigation, is held by him as trustee for another party, or which belongs or is due to another party, the court may order the same to be deposited in court, or delivered to such party, with or without security, subject to the further direction of the court.

Whenever, in the exercise of its authority, a court shall have ordered the deposit, delivery or conveyance of money or other property, and the order is disobeyed, the court, besides punishing the disobedience, as for contempt, may make an order, requiring the sheriff to take the money or property, and deposit, deliver or convey it, in conformity with the direction of the court.

When the answer of the defendant, expressly or by not denying, admits part of the plaintiff's claim to be just, the court on motion may order such defendant to satisfy that part of the claim, and may enforce the order as it enforces a judgment or provisional remedy.

TITLE VIII.

Of the Trial and Judgment in Civil Actions. CHAPTER I. Judgment upon failure to answer. II. Issues and the mode of trial.

III. Trial by jury.

IV. Trial by the court.

V. Trial by referees.

VI. The manner of entering judgment.

CHAPTER I.

Judgment upon Failure to Answer.

245. A judgment is the final determination of the rights of the parties in the action.

246. Judgment may be had, if the defendant fail to answer the complaint, as follows:

1. In any action arising on contract, for the recovery of money only, the plaintiff may file with the clerk proof of personal service of the summons and complaint, on one or more of the defendants, or of the summons, according to the provisions of section 130, and that no answer has been received. The clerk shall thereupon enter judgment for the amount mentioned in the summons, against the defendant or defendants, or against one or more of several defendants, in the cases provided for in section 136. But if the complaint be not sworn to, and such action is on an instrument for the payment of money only, the clerk, on its production to him, shall assess the amount due to the plaintiff thereon; and in other cases shall ascertain the amount which the plaintiff is entitled to recover in such actions from

his examination under oath, or other proof, and enter the judgment for the amount so assessed or ascertained. In case the defendant give notice of appearance in the action he shall be entitled to five days' notice of the time and place of such assessment.

Where the defendant by his answer in any such action, shall not deny the plaintiff's claim, but shall set up a counterclaim amounting to less than the plaintiff's claim, judgment may be had by the plaintiff for the excess of said claim, over the said counterclaim, in like manner in any such action, upon the plaintiff's filing with the clerk of the court a statement admitting such counterclaim, which statement shall be annexed to and be a part of the judgment roll.

2. In other actions the plaintiff may, upon the like proof, apply to the court, after the expiration of the time for answering, for the relief demanded in the complaint. If the taking of an account or the proof of any fact be necessary to enable the court to give judgment, or to carry the judgment into effect, the court may take the account or hear the proof, or may, in its discretion, order a reference for that purpose. And where the action is for the recovery of money only, or of specific real or personal property, with damages for the withholding thereof, the court may order the damages to be assessed by a jury, or if the examination of a long account be involved, by a reference as above provided. If the defendant give notice of appearance in the action before the expiration of the time for answering, he shall be entitled to eight days' notice of the time and place

of application to the court for the relief demanded by the complaint.

3. In actions where the service of the summons was by publication, the plaintiff may in like manner apply for judgment, and the court must thereupon require proof to be made of the demand mentioned in the complaint, and if the defendant be not a resident of the state, must require the plaintiff or his agent to be examined on oath respecting any payments that have been made to the plaintiff or to any one for his use, on account of such demand, and may render judgment for the amount which he is entitled to recover. Before rendering judgment the court may, in its discretion, require the plaintiff to cause to be filed satisfactory security to abide the order of the court touching the restitution of any estate or effects which may be directed by such judg ment to be transferred or delivered, or the restitution of any money that may be collected under or by virtue of such judgment, in case the defendant or his representatives shall apply and be admitted to defend the action, and shall succeed in such defense.

247. If a demurrer, answer, or reply be frivolous, the party prejudiced thereby, upon a previous notice of five days, may apply to a judge of the court, either in or out of the court, for judgment thereon, and judgment may be given accordingly.

CHAPTER II.

Issues and the Mode of Trial.

248. Issues arise upon the pleadings, when a fact or conclusion of law is maintained by the one party