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Rules for Married Perfons.

1. Husbandsmuft give Zoid

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to their Wives Love, Ανδρα τε, καὶ οἶκον, καὶ ὁμοφροσύνω ὁπο Maintenance, Duty, and Eoban. si jo to je sperasov xapesov, the fweetnetfes of conver- "Η 83' ομοφρονέοντε νοήμασιν οἶκον ἔχει τον fation; and Wives *muf ̓Ανὴς ἠδὲ γυνή, πολλ ̓ ἄλγα δυσμε pay to them all they Χάρματα δ' εὐμπρέτηση, μάλισα δὲ τ ̓ have, or can, with the In- *Eves andis píntegr Evyváμv TSÓTO Odylf. 6. verent of Obedience and τέτῳ κατακρατῶν ἀνδρὸς εἴωθεν γυνή. Reverence: ] and they

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mutt be complicated in Ἢ με οι φιλέεσ ̓ ἀλόγες μερόπων & θρώ Affections and Interest,

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that there be no Di- Ατρείδαι; ἐπειὴ ὅσις ἀγαθὸς καὶ ἐχέφρων, fin&tion between them Τὴν αυτό φιλέει και κήδεται, ὡς καὶ ἐγὼ τήν of Mine and Thine. And Ἐκ θυμε φιλέων δορικτήτωω περ' ἐὅσανο if the Title be the Man's Homer. Ill. 10.

or the Woman's, yet the ufe must be conimon; only the Wisdom of the Man is to regulate all Extravagancies and Indiscretions. In other Things no Queftion is to be made; and their Goods fhould be as their Children, not to be divided, but of one Poffeffion and Provifion: Whatfoever is otherwife, is not Marriage but Merchandise. And upon this Ground I fuppofe it was, that St. Bafil commended that Woman who took Part of her Husband's Goods to do good Works Kado withal: For, fuppofing him to be unwilling, and that the Work was his Duty or hers alone, or both theirs in Conjunction, or of great Advantage to either of their Souls, and no Violence to the Support of their Families, the hath Right to all that. And Abigail of her own Right made a coftly Prefent to David, when her Husband Nabal had refufed it. The Husband muft (a) rule over his Wife, as the Soul does over the Body, obnoxious to the fame Sufferings, ånd bound by the fame Affections, and doing or fuffering by the Permiffions and Intereft of each other: that (as the Old Philofopher faid) as the Humours of the

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(4) Lætum effe debet & officiofum mariti imperium. Plut Namque es ei Pater & Frater, venerandâque Mater. Nec minus facit ad dignitatem viri fi mulier eum fuum Præceptorem, Philofophum, Magiftrúmque appellet. Plutarchs

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Body

Body are mingled with each other in the whole Subftances, fo Marriage may be a Mixture of Interefts, of Bodies, of Minds, of Friends, a Conjunction (a) of the whole Life, and the nobleft of Friendships. But if after all the fair Deportments and innocent chaft Compliances, the Husband be morofe and ungentlé, let the (b) Wife difcourfe thus; If while I do my Duty my Husband neglects me, what will he do if I neglect him? And if the thinks to be feparated by Reason of her Husband's unchaft Life, let her confider, that then the Man will be uncurably ruined, and her Rivals could wifh nothing more than that they might poffefs him alone.

(4) Convictio eft quafi quædam intentio benevolentia.
(6) Οὐ χρυσός, ο τυραννὶς, ο πλέτε χλιδή
Τοσέτον είχεν διαφόρες, τὰς ἡδονας,

Ὡς ἀνδρὶς ἐπλᾶ καὶ γυναικὸς ευσεβές
Γνώμη δικαία, καὶ φρονέσα τ' ἀνδρικά
Inferior Matrona fuo fit, Sexte, Marito :
Non aliter fiunt Fœmina virque pares..

The Duty of Masters of Families.

1. The fame Care is to extend to all our Family in their Proportion as to our Children; for as by St. Paul's Oeconomy, the Heir differs nothing from a Servant while he is in Minority; fo a Servant fhould differ nothing from a Child in the fubftantial Part of the Care; and the Difference is only in Degrees. Servants and Masters are of the fame Kindred, of the fame Nature, and Heirs of the fame Promifes: And therefore, 1. Must be provided of Neceffaries for their Support and Maintenance. 2. They must be used with Mercy. 3. Their Work must be tolerable and merciful. 4. Their Reftraints must be reasonable. 5. Their Recreations fitting and healthful. 6. Their Religion and the Interest of Souls taken Care of. 7. And Mafters must correct their Servants with Gentlenefs, Prudence and Mercy; not for every flight Fault, not always, not with upbraiding and difgraceful Language, but with fuch only as may exprefs and reprove the Fault, and amend the Perfon.

But

But in all thefe Things Measures are to be taken by the Contract made, by the Laws and Customs of the Place, by the Sentence of prudent and merciful Men, and by the Cautions and Remembrances given us by God; fuch as is that written by St.Paul, [as knowing that we have alfo a Master in Heaven. ] The Mafter must not be a Lion in his Houfe, left his Power be obeyed, and his Perfon hated; his Eye be waited on, and his Bufinefs be neglected in fecret. No Servant will do his Duty, unless he makes a Confcience, or love his Mafter: If he does it not for God's Sake or his Master's, he will not need to do it always for his

own.

The Duty of Guardians or Tutors.

Tutors and Guardians are in the Place of Parents; and what they are in Fiction of Law, they must remember as an Argument to engage them to do in Reality of Duty. They must do all the Duty of Parents, excepting thofe Obligations which are meerly natural.

The Duty of Minifters and Spiritual Guides to the People is of fo great Burthen, fo various Rules, fo intricate and bufie Caution, that it requires a dir ftinit Trattate by inself,

TH

SECT. III,

Of Negociation or Civil Contracts.

HIS Part of Juftice is fuch as depends upon the Laws of Man directly, and upon the Laws of God only by Confequence and indirect Reafon : And from Civil Laws or private Agreements it is to take its Eftimate and Measures: And altho' our Duty is plain and eafie, requiring of us Honefty in Contracts, Sincerity in affirming, Simpliity in bargaining, and Faithfulnefs in performing; yet it may be helped by the Addition of thefe following Rules and Confiderations.

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Rules and Measures of Justice in Bargaining.

1. In making Contracts ufe not many Words; for all the Bufinels of a Bargain is fummed up in few Sentences: And he that fpeaks leaft, means fairest, as having fewer Opportunities to deceive.

2. Lye not at all, neither in a little Thing nor in a great, neither in the Subftance nor in the Circumftance, neither in Word nor Deed: That is, pretend not what is falfe, cover not what is true, and let the Measure of your Affirmation or Denial be the Understanding of your Contractor: For he that deceives the Buyer or the Seller, by fpeaking what is true in a Senfe not intended or understood by the other, is a Liar and a Thief. For in Bargains you are to avoid not only what is falfe, but that alfo which deceives.

3. In Prices of Bargaining concerning uncertain Merchandifes; you may buy as cheap ordinarily as you can, and fell as dear as you can, fo it be, 1. without Violence: And, 2. when you contract on equal Terms with Perfons in all Senfes, (as to the Matter and Skill of Bargaining) equal to yourself, that is, Merchants with Merchants, wife Men with wife Men, rich with rich; and, 3. when there is no Deceit, and no Neceffity, and no Monoply. For in thefe Cafes, viz. when the Contractors are equal, and no Advantage on either fide, both Parties are voluntary, and therefore there can be no Injuftice or Wrong to either. But then add alfo this Confideration, that the Publick be not oppreffed by unreafonable and unjuft Rates: For which the following Rules are the best Measure.

4. Let your Prices be according to that Measure of Good and Evil which is establifhed in the Frame and common Accounts of the wifeft and moft merciful Men skilled in that Manufacture or Commodity; and the Gain fuch which without Scandal is allowed to Perfons in all the fame Circumftances.

5. Let no Prices be heightned by the Neceffity or Unskilfulness of the Contractor: For the firft is direct Uncha

Uncharitableness to the Perfon, and Injustice in the Thing; (because the Man's Neceffity could not naturally enter into the Confideration of the Value of the Commodity;) and the other is Deceit and Oppreffion. Much lefs muft any Man make Neceffities; as by ingroffing a Commodity, by Monopoly, by detaining Corn, or the like indirect Arts: For fuch Perfons are unjust to all fingle Perfons with whom in fuch Cafes they contract, and Oppreffors of the Publick.

6. In Entercourfe with others do not do all which you may lawfully do: But keep fomething within thy Power: And because there is a Latitude of Gain in Buying and Selling, take not thou the utmost Penny that is lawful, or which thou thinkeft fo; for altho' it be lawful, yet it is not fafe; and he that gains all that he can gair lawfully this Year, poffibly next Year will be tempted to gain fomething unlawfully.

7. He that fells dearer by Reafon he fells not for ready Money, muft encrease his Price no higher than to make himself Recompence for the Lofs which according to the Rules of Trade he sustained by his Forbearance, according to common Computation reckoning in alfo the Hazard, which he is prudently, warily and charitably to estimate, But altho' this be the Measure of his Juftice, yet because it happens either to their Friends, or to neceffitous and poor Perfons, they are in thefe Cafes to confider the Rules of Friendship and Neighbourhood and the Obligations of Charity, left Juftice turn into Unmercifulness.

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8. No Man is to be raised in his Price or Rents in Mercantia Regard of any Accident, Advantage or Difadvantage non vuol nè of his Perfon. A Prince muft be ufed confcionably renti. as well as a common Perfon, and a Beggar be treated juftly as well as a Prince; with this only Difference, that to poor Perfons the utmoft Measure and Extent of Juftice is unmerciful, which to a rich Perfon is innocent, because it is juft, and he needs not thy Mercy and Remiffion.

9. Let no Man for his own Poverty become more oppreffing and cruel in his Bargain, but quietly, moM 4 deftly,

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