10. Right to burden access to this court and regulate proceedings therein.
A State cannot burden the right of access to this court, nor does the
power of the State extend to regulating proceedings in this court.
Missouri Pacific Ry. Co. v. Larabee, 459.
11. Right to review action of Secretary of Treasury in determining rate of
duty on article in which State financially interested.
A State which happens to operate sugar plantations by its convict
labor may not review the action of the Secretary of the Treasury in
determining the rate of duty to be collected on foreign sugar any
more than any other producer of sugar may do so. Louisiana v.
McAdoo, 627.
12. Public policy; legislature as arbiter of.
Subject to the inhibitions of the Constitution of the United States the
legislature of each State is the arbiter of its public policy. St.
Benedict Order v. Steinhauser, 640.
STATUTES.
A. CONSTRUCTION OF.
1. Debates in Congress; when resorted to.
Debates in Congress may be resorted to for the purpose of showing that
which prompted the legislation. Tap Line Cases, 1.
2. Legislative intent; determination of.
If a given construction was intended by Congress, which it would have
been easy to have expressed in apt terms, other terms actually used
will not be given a forced interpretation to reach that result.
United States v. First National Bank, 245.
3. Legislative meaning; use of terms.
The natural and usual signification of plain terms is to be adopted as
the legislative meaning in the absence of clear showing that some-
thing else was meant. Ib.
4. Departmental construction; weight given.
While the early administration of a statute showing the departmental
construction thereof does not have the same weight which a long
observed departmental construction has, it is entitled to considera-
tion as showing the construction placed upon the statute by com-
petent men charged with its enforcement. Ib.
5. Indian interpretation; when rule not applicable.
The rule that words in treaties with, and statutes affecting, Indians,
must be interpreted as the Indians understood them is not appli-
cable where the statute is not in the nature of a contract and does
not require the consent of the Indians to make it effectual. Ib.
6. After facts; weight of; effect of harsh consequences.
The after facts have but little weight in determining the meaning of
legislation and cannot overcome the meaning of plain words used
in a statute; nor can the courts be influenced in administering a law
by the fact that its true interpretation may result in harsh conse-
quences. Ib.
7. Policy of Government; uncertainty as ground of construction.
The policy of the Government in enacting legislation is often an un-
certain thing as to which opinions may vary and it affords an un-
stable ground of statutory construction. Ib.
8. Public policy; declaration of legislature as to; effect of.
This court will not, in interpreting the power of the Interstate Com-
merce Commission in regard to a particular traffic, ignore a decla-
ration of public policy in regard to that traffic as shown by an
enactment of Congress. Tap Line Cases, 1.
9. Omissions; power of courts to supply.
Courts may not supply words in a statute which Congress has omitted;
nor can such course be induced by any consideration of public
policy or the desire to promote justice in dealing with dependent
people. United States v. First National Bank, 245.
10. Superfluous words; meaning to be given.
Although words may be superfluous, if the statute be construed in
accordance with the obvious intent of Congress, the courts should
not, simply in order to make them effective, give them a meaning
that is repugnant to the statute looked at as a whole, and destruc-
tive of its purpose. Van Dyke v. Cordova Copper Co., 188.
11. Controlling effect on court of constitutional statute.
If a statute is constitutional, this court must be governed by it and
its plain meaning; with the wisdom of Congress in adopting the
statute this court has nothing to do. Intermountain Rate Cases,
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE, 8, 9;
SAFETY APPLIANCE ACT.
B. STATUTES OF THE UNITED STATES.
See ACTS OF CONGRESS.
C. STATUTES OF THE STATES AND TERRITORIES.
See LOCAL LAW.
STEVEDORES.
See ADMIRALTY, 2, 5.
STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS.
See CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, 22;
CORPORATIONS, 4-12;
JUDGMENTS AND Decrees, 4.
STRICTISSIMI JURIS.
See CONTRACTS, 7.
SUIT AGAINST UNITED STATES.
See ACTIONS, 1;
UNITED STATES.
SUPERSEDEAS BOND.
See ACTIONS, 2.
SURETY BONDS.
See CONTRACTS, 6–9.
See INTERSTATE COMMERCE, 24, 37, 38.
See INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION, 3.
Recovery in one jurisdiction for tort committed in another; basis for.
A recovery in one jurisdiction for a tort committed in another must be
based on the ground of an obligation incurred at the place of the
tort which is not only the ground, but the measure, of the maximum
recovery. Western Union Tel. Co. v. Brown, 542.
See ADMIRALTY, 3, 4;
INDIANS, 3.
TRADE CUSTOMS.
See CUSTOM AND USAGE.
See FERRIES, 3;
INTERSTATE COMMERCE;
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION, 10.
Great Britain, 1909; effect on validity of ordinance regulating international
ferry; quare as to.
Quære, whether an ordinance enacted by the city of Sault Ste. Marie
under state authority, requiring a license fee for the operation of
ferries to the Canadian shore opposite, is void as violative of
Article I of the Treaty of 1909 with Great Britain. Sault Ste.
Marie v. International Transit Co., 333.
TRIAL OF TITLE.
See ACTIONS, 1.
TRUSTS AND TRUSTEES.
See PUBLIC LANDS, 21.
See CLAIMS AGAINST UNITED STATES.
1. Suits against; prerequisite to.
The United States may not be sued in the courts of this country with-
out its consent. Louisiana v. McAdoo, 627.
2. Suits against; when United States a party; determination of.
Whether the United States is in legal effect a party is not always de-
termined by whether it appears as a party on the record but by
the effect of the decree that can be rendered. Ib.
3. Suit against; suit against Secretary of Treasury as.
A suit against the Secretary of the Treasury to review his action
in determining the rate of duty to be collected, under statutes and
treaties, on an imported article, and to mandamus him to collect a
specific amount, is in effect a suit against the United States. Ib.
See ACTIONS, 1;
CONTRACTS;
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