TESTIMONY OF REV. PHINEAS SMITH, Centreville, though we had heard a great deal on the subAllegany, Co., N. Y. who lived four years at the

south.

"They are badly clothed, badly fed, wretchedly lodged, unmercifully whipped, fronı month to month, from year to year, from childhood to old age."

REV. JOSEPH M. SADD, Castile, Genessee Co. N. Y. who was till recently a preacher in Mis. souri, says,

"It is true that barbarous cruelties are inflict. ed upon them, such as terrible lacerations with

the whip, and excruciating tortures are sometimes

experienced from the thumb screw."

Extract of a letter from SARAH M. GRIMKE, dated 4th Month, 2nd, 1839.

"If the following extracts from letters which I have received from South Carolina, will be of any use thou art at liberty to publish them. I need not say, that the names of the writers are withheld of necessity, because such sentiments if uttered at the south would peril their lives.

EXTRACTS.

South Carolina, 4th Month, 5th, 1835. • With regard to slavery I must confess,

ject, we found on coming South the half, the worst half too, had not beentold us; not that we have ourselves seen much oppression, though truly we have felt its deadening influence, but the accounts we have received from every tongue that nobly dares to speak upon the subject, are indeed deplorable. To quote the language of a lady, who with true Southern hospitality, received us at her mansion. "The northern people don't know anything of slavery at all, they think it is perpetual bondage merely, but of the depth of degradation that that word involves,

they have no conception; if they had any just idea of it, they would I am sure use every effort until an end was put to such a shocking system'

"Another friend writing from South Carolina, and who sustains herself the legal relation of slaveholder, in a letter dated April 4th, 1838, says I have some time since, given you my views on the subject of slavery, which so much engrosses your attention. I would most willingly forget what I have seen and heard in my own family, with regard to the slaves. I shudder when I think of it, and increasingly feel that slavery is a curse since it leads to such cruelty?"

PUNISHMENTS.

I. FLOGGINGS.

The slaves are terribly lacerated with whips, ( scars on their bodies made by the whip, their
paddles, &c.; red pepper and salt are rubbed own runaway slaves. To copy these advertise-
into their mangled flesh; hot brine and turpen- ments entire would require a great amount of
tine are poured into their gashes; and innumer-
able other tortures inflicted upon them.

We will in the first place, prove by a cloud of
witnesses, that the slaves are whipped with such
inhuman severity, as to lacerate and mangle
their flesh in the most shocking manner, leaving
permanent scars and ridges; after establishing
this, we will present a mass of testimony, con-
cerning a great variety of other tortures. The
testimony, for the most part, will be that of the
slaveholders themselves, and in their own chosen
words. A large portion of it will be taken from
the advertisements, which they have published
in their own newspapers, describing by the

WITNESSES.

Mr. D. Judd, jailor, Davidson Co.,

space, and flood the reader with a vast mass of matter irrelevant to the point before us; we shall therefore insert only so much of each, as will intelligibly set forth the precise point under consideration. In the column under the word " witnesses," will be found the name of the individual, who signs the advertisement, or for whom it is signed, with his or her place of residence, and the name and date of the paper, in which it appeared, and generally the name of the place where it is published. Opposite the name of each witness, will be an extract, from the advertisement, containing his or her testimony.

TESTIMONY.

"Committed to jail as a runaway, a negro woman named Tennessee, in the "Nashville Banner," Martha, 17 or 18 years of age, has numerous scars of the whip on her back."

Dec. 10th, 1838.

Mr. Robert Nicoll, Dauphin st. between Emmanuel and Conception st's, Mobile, Alabama, in the "Mobile Commercial Advertiser."

Mr. Bryant Johnson, Fort Valley,

Houston Co., Georgia, in the "Standard
of Union," Milledgeville Ga. Oct. 2,

1838.

"Ten dollars reward for my woman Siby, very much scarred about the neck and ears by whipping."

" Ranaway, a negro woman, named Maria, some scars on her back occasioned by the whip."

Mr. James T. De Jarnett, Vernon,
Autauga Co., Alabama, in the "Pensa- back you will find marks caused by the whip."
Gazette," July, 14, 1838.

"Stolen a negro woman, named Celia. On examining her

WITNESSES.

Maurice Y. Garcia, Sheriff of the County of Jefferson, La., in the "New Orleans Bee," August, 14, 1838.

R. J. Bland, Sheriff of Claiborne Co, Miss., in the "Charleston (S.C.) Courier," August, 28, 1838.

Mr. James Noe, Red River Landing,

TESTIMONY.

" Lodged in jail, a mulatto boy, having large marks of the whip, on his shoulders and other parts of his body."

"Was committed a negro boy, named Tom, is much marked with the whip."

"Ranaway, a negro fellow named Dick-has many scars on his

Miss in that Sentinel," Vicksburg, back from being whipped."

Miss., August 22, 1837.

William Craze, jailor, Alexandria, La. in the "Planter's Intelligencer," Sept. 26, 1838.

John A. Rowland, jailor, Lumberton, North Carolina, in the "Fayetteville (N. C.) Observer," June 20, 1838.

J. K. Roberts, sheriff, Blount county, Ala., in the Huntsville Democrat,' Dec. 9, 1838.

Mr. H. Varillat, No. 23 Girod street, New Orleans in the "Commercial Bulletin," August 27, 1838.

Mr. Cornelius D. Tolin, Augusta, Ga., in the "Chronicle and Sentinel," Oct. 18, 1838.

W. H. Brasseale, sheriff, Blount county, Ala., in the "Huntsville Democrat," June 9, 1838.

Mr. Robert Beasley, Macon, Ga., in the "Georgia Messenger," July 27, 1837.

Mr. John Wotton, Rockville, Montgomery county, Maryland, in the "Baltimore Republican," Jan. 13, 1838.

D. S. Bennett, sheriff, Natchitoches, La., in the "Herald," July 21, 1838.

Messrs. C. C. Whitehead, and R. A. Evans, Marion, Georgia, in the Milledgeville (Ga.) "Standard of Union," June 26, 1838.

Mr. Samuel Stewart, Greensboro', Ala., in the "Southern Advocate," Huntsville, Jan. 6, 1838.

Mr. John Walker, No. 6, Banks' Arcade, New Orleans, in the "Bulletin," August 11, 1838.

Mr. Jesse Beene, Cahawba, Ala., in the "State Intelligencer," Tuskaloosa, Dec. 25, 1837.

Mr. John Turner, Thomaston, Upson county, Georgia-in the "Standard of Union," Milledgeville, June 26, 1838.

James Derrah, deputy sheriff, Claiborne county, Mi., in the "Port Gibson Correspondent," April 15, 1837.

S. B. Murphy, sheriff, Wilkinson county, Georgia--in the Milledgeville "Journal," May 15, 1838.

Mr. L. E. Cooner, Branchville Orangeburgh District, South Carolina-in the Macon "Messenger," May 25, 1837.

John H. Hand, jailor, parish of West Feliciana, La., in the St. "Francisville Journal," July 6, 1837.

"Committed to jail, a negro slave-his back is very badly

scarred."

"Committed, a mulatto fellow-his back shows lasting impressions of the whip, and leaves no doubt of his being A SLAVE." "Committed to jail, a negro man-his back much marked by the whip."

"Ranaway, the negro slave named Jupiter-has a fresh mark of a cowskin on one of his cheeks."

"Ranaway, a negro man named Johnson-he has a great many marks of the whip on his back."

"Committed to jail, a negro slave named James-much scarred with a whip on his back."

"Ranaway, my man Fountain-he is marked on the back with the whip."

"Ranaway, Bill-has several LARGE SCARS on his back from a severe whipping in early life."

"Committed to jail, a negro boy who calls himself Joe-said negro bears marks of the whip."

"Ranaway, negro fellow John-from being whipped, has scars on his back, arms, and thighs."

"Ranaway, a boy named Jim-with the marks of the whip on the small of the back, reaching round to the flank."

"Ranaway, the mulatto boy Quash-considerably marked on the back and other places with the lash.

"Ranaway, my negro man Billy-he has the marks of the whip."

"Left, my negro man named George-has marks of the whip very plain on his thighs."

"Committed to jail, negro man Toy-he has been badly whipped."

"Brought to jail, a negro man named George-he has a great many scars from the lash."

"One hundred dollars reward, for my negro Glasgow, and Kate, his wife. Glasgow is 24 years old-has marks of the whip on his back. Kate is 26-has a scar on her cheek, and several marks of a whip."

"Committed to jail, a negro boy named John, about 17 years old-his back badly marked with the whip, his upper lip and chin severely bruised."

The preceding are extracts from advertise- | dreds of similar ones published during the same ments published in southern papers, mostly in the period, with which, as the preceding are quite year 1838. They are the mere samples of hun- sufficient to show the commonnees of inhuman

floggings in the slave states, we need not burden | the following testimony of Mr. Wm. Armstrong, of that place, a captain and supercargo of boats descending the Mississippi river :

the reader.

The foregoing testimony is, as the reader perceives, that of the slaveholders themselves, voluntarily certifying to the outrages which their own hands have committed upon defenceless and innocent men and women, over whom they have assumed authority. We have given to their testimony precedence over that of all other witnesses, for the reason that when men testify against themselves they are under no temptation to exaggerate.

We we will now present the testimony of a large number of individuals, with their names and residences, of persons who witnessed the inflictions to which they testify. Many of them have been slaveholders, and all residents for longer or shorter periods in slave states.

Rev. JOHN H. CURTISS, a native of Keep Creek, Norfolk county, Virginia, now a local preacher of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Portage co., Ohio, testifies as follows:

"In 1829 or 30, one of my father's slaves was accused of taking the key to the office and steal. ing four or five dollars: he denied it. A consta. ble by the name of Hull was called; he took the negro, very deliberately tied his hands, and whipped him till the blood ran freely down his legs. By this time Hull appeared tired, and stopped; he then took a rope, put a slip noose around his neck, and told the negro he was going to kill him, at

the same time drew the rope and began whipping: the negro fell; his cheeks looked as though they would burst with strangulation. Hull whipped and kicked him, till I really thought he was going to kill him; when he ceased, the negro was in a complete gore of blood from head to foot."

Mr. DAVID HANLEY, a class-leader in the Me. thodist Church, at St. Alban's, Licking county,

Ohio, who moved from Kentucky to Ohio in 1831,

testifies as follows :

" In the year 1821 or 2, I saw a slave hung for killing his master. The master had whipped the slave's mother to DEATH, and, locking him in a room, threatened him with the same fate; and, cowhide in hand, had begun the work, when the slave joined battle and slew the master."

SAMUEL ELLISON,

a member of the Society of Friends, formerly of Southampton county, Virginia, now of Marlborough, Stark county, Ohio, gives the following testimony :

"While a resident of Southampton county, Vir. ginia, I knew two men, after having been severe. ly treated, endeavor to make their escape. In this they failed were taken, tied to trees, and whipped to death by their overseer. I lived a mile from the negro quarters, and, at that distance, could frequently hear the screams of the poor creatures when beaten, and could also hear the blows given by the overseer with some heavy in

strument."

"At Bayou Sarah, I saw a slave staked out, with his face to the ground, and whipped with a large whip, which laid open the flesh for about two and a half inches every stroke. I stayed about five minutes, but could stand it no longer, and left them whipping."

Mr. STEPHEN E. MALTBY, inspector of provisions, Skeneatcles, New York, who has resided in Ala. bama, speaking of the condition of the slaves, says:

"I have seen them cruelly whipped. I will relate one instance. One Sabbath morning, be. fore I got out of my bed, I heard an outcry, and got up and went to the window, when I saw some six or eight boys, from eight to twelve years of age, near a rack (made for tying horses) on the public square. A man on horseback rode up, got off his horse, took a cord from his pocket, tied one of the boys by the thumbs to the rack, and with his horsewhip lashed him most severely. He then untied him and rode off without saying a word.

"It was a general practice, while I was at Huntsville, Alabama, to have a patrol every night; and, to my knowledge, this patrol was in the habit of traversing the streets with cow-skins, and, if they found any slaves out after eight o'clock with. out a pass, to whip them until they were out of reach, or to confine them until morning."

Mr. J. G. BALDWIN, of Middletown, Connecticut, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, gives the following testimony :

"I traveled at the south in 1827: when near Charlotte, N. C. a free colored man fell into the road just ahead of me, and went on peaceablyWhen passing a public-house, the landlord ran out with a large cudgel, and applied it to the head and shoulders of the man with such force as to shatter it in pieces. When the reason of his conduct was asked, he replied, that he owned slaves, and he would not permit free blacks to come into his neighborhood.

"Not long after, I stopped at a public-house near Halifax, N. C., between nine and ten o'clock P. M., to stay over night. A slave sat upon a bench in the bar-room asleep. The master came in, seized a large horsewhip, and, without any warning or apparent provocation, laid it over the face and eyes of the slave. The master cursed, swore, and swung his lash-the slave cowered and trembled, but said not a word. Upon inquiry the next morning, I ascertained that the only offence was falling asleep, and this too in consequence of having been up nearly all the previous night, night, in attendance upon company."

Rev. JOSEPH M. SADD, of Castile, N. Y., who has lately left Missouri, where he was pastor of a church for some years, says:

"In one case, near where we lived, a runaway slave, when brought back, was most cruelly beaten-bathed in the usual liquid-laid in the sun, and a physician employed to heal his wounds:

Major HORACE NYE, of Putnam, Ohio, gives then the same process of punishment and healing

was repeated, and repeated again, and then the poor creature was sold for the New Orleans market. This account we had from the physician himself."

Mr. ABRAHAM BELL, of Poughkeepsie, New York, a member of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, was employed, in 1837 and 38, in levelling and grading for a rail-road in the state of Georgia: he had under his direction, during the whole time, thirty slaves. Mr. B. gives the following testimony :

"All the slaves had their backs scarred, from the oft-repeated whippings they had received."

Mr. ALONZO BARNARD, of Farmington, Ohio, who was in Mississippi in 1837 and 8, says:

"The slaves were often severely whipped. I saw one woman very severely whipped for acci dentally cutting up a stalk of cotton.* When they were whipped they were commonly held down by four men: if these could not confine them, they were fastened by stakes driven firmly into the ground, and then lashed often so as to draw blood at each blow. I saw one woman who had lately been delivered of a child in consequence of

cruel treatment."

Rev. H. LYMAN, late pastor of the Free Presby.

terian Church at Buffalo, N. Y. says:

"There was a steam cotton press, in the vicinity of my boarding-house at New Orleans, which was • driven night and day, without intermission. My curiosity led me to look at the interior of the establishment. There I saw several slaves engaged in rolling cotton bags, fastening ropes, lading

carts, &c.

"The presiding genius of the place was a driver, who held a rope four feet long in his hand, which he wielded with cruel dexterity. He used it in single blows, just as the men were lifting to tight. en the bale cords. It seemed to me that he was desirous to edify me with a specimen of his authority; at any rate the cruelty was horrible."

Mr. JOHN VANCE, a member of the Baptist Church, in St. Albars, Licking county, Ohio, who moved from Culpepper county, Va., his native state, in 1914, testifies as follows :

"In 1826, I saw a woman by the name of Mallix, flog her female slave with a horse-whip so horribly that she was washed in salt and water several days, to keep her bruises from mortifying. "In 1811, I was returning from mill, in Shenandoah county, when I heard the cry of murder, in the field of a man named Painter. I rode to the place to see what was going on. Two men, by the names of John Morgan and Michael Siglar, had heard the cry and came running to the place. I saw Painter beating a negro with a tremendous club, or small handspike, swearing he would kill him; but he was rescued by Morgan and Siglar. I learned that Painter had commenced flogging the slave for not getting to work * Mr. Cornelius Johnson, of Farmington, Ohio, was also a witness to this inhuman outrage upon an unprotected woman, for the unintentional destruction of a stalk of cotton! In his testimony he is more particular, and says, that the number lashes inflicted upon by the overseer was ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY!"

soon enough. He had escaped, and taken refuge under a pile of rails that were on some timbers up a little from the ground. The master had put fire to one end, and stood at the other with his club, to kill him as he came out. The pile was still burning. Painter said he was a turbulent fellow and he would kill him. The apprehension of P. was TALKED ABOUT, but, as a compromise, the negro was sold to another man."

EXTRACT FROM THE PUBLISHED JOURNAL OF THE LATE WM. SAVERY, of Philadelphia, an eminent minister of the religious Society of Friends :

"6th mo. 22d, 1791. We passed on to Augusta, Georgia. They can scarcely tolerate us, on account of our abhorrence of slavery. On the 28th we got to Savannah, and lodged at one Blount's, a hard-hearted slaveholder. One of his lads, aged about fourteen, was ordered to go and milk the cows: and falling asleep, through weariness, the master called out and ordered him a flogging. I asked him what he meant by a flogging. He replied, the way we serve them here is, we cut their backs until they are raw all over, and then sait them. Upon this my feelings were roused; I told him that was too bad, and queried if it were possible; he replied it was, with many curses upon the blacks. At supper this unfeeling wretch craved a blessing!

"Next morning I heard some one begging for mercy, and also the lash as of a whip. Not knowing whence the sound came, I rose, and presently found the poor boy tied up to a post, his toes scarcely touching the ground, and a negro whipper. He had already cut him in an unmerciful manner, and the blood ran to his heels. I stepped in between them, and ordered him untied immediately, which, with some reluctance and astonishment, was done. Returning to the house I saw the landlord, who then showed himself in his true colors, the most abominably wicked man I ever met with, full of horrid execrations and threatenings upon all northern people; but I did not spare him; which occasioned a bystander to say, with an oath, that I should be "popped over." We left them, and were in full expecta. tion of their way-laying or coming after us, but

the Lord restrained them. next house we stopped at we found the same wicked spirit."

Col. ELIJAH ELLSWORTH, of Richfield, Ohio, gives the following testimony:

"Eight or ten years ago I was in Putnam county, in the state of Georgia, at a Mr. Slaughter's, the father of my brother's wife. A negro, that belonged to Mr. Walker, (I believe,) was accused of stealing a pedlar's trunk. The negro denied, but, without ceremony, was lashed to a tree-the whipping commenced-six or eight men took turns the poor fellow begged for mercy, but without effect, until he was literally cut to pieces, from his shoulders to his hips, and covered with a gore of blood. When he said the trunk was in a stack of fodder, he was unlashed. They proceeded to the stack, but found no trunk. They asked the poor fellow, what he lied about it for; he said, "Lord, Massa, to keep from being whipped to death; I know nothing about the trunk." They commenced the whipping with redoubled vigor, until I really supposed he would be whipped to death on the