to produce natural and necessary consequence of act, presumed, 3, 456. in cases of blasphemy, 441, 694. INTERCOURSE of friends, loss of, words tending to cause, 19, 300, 335. INTEREST, as ground of privilege, 238-247. in actions for slander of title, 140. public, matters of, may be criticised, 32-52. what are, is a question for the judge, 42. where large body of persons interested, 243. persons present who have no corresponding interest, 245. INTERLOCUTORY APPLICATION, injunction granted on, 342-364. INTERROGATORIES, 545–553. leave to administer, necessary, 545. tending to criminate, 549. as to opponent's case, 548. as to matters stated in notice under Order XXXVI. r. 37..548. setting aside, 549. answer to, 550. what defendant may refuse to answer, 550. in County Court, 586. PRECEDENTS OF, and answers, 659-661, 665. INTOLERANCE, religious, charge of, libellous, 21. IRELAND, fiat of Attorney-General, when requisite in, 383. Ecclesiastical Courts abolished, 724. Newspaper Libel and Registration Act, 1881, provisions relating to, 725, 726, 728. IRONICAL PRAISE may be a libel, 6, 21, 116, 567. IRONICAL WORDS may be actionable, 6, 21, 116, 567. must be alleged to have been so spoken, 116, 567. must decide whether matter is of public interest, 42.. remarks by, absolutely privileged, 187. private letter to, not privileged, 181. duty of, on question of Libel or No Libel, 94, 571. on uncontroverted facts to decide if publication privileged, 183, 572. when to nonsuit, 571. summing-up, 258, 578. charge of corruption against, 126. JUDGES' CHAMBERS, reports of proceedings in, privileged, 250. committal for contempt at, 503. JUDGMENT, 579. by default, 526. proceedings after, 580. arrest of, 95, 118, 399, 580, 605. may be reported separately, 258, 651. against husband and wife, 403. previous, against same defendant, a bar, 521, 540, 653. unless publication joint, 421, 547, 653. JUDICIAL NOTICE of meanings of words, &c., 106, 114, 116, 566. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS, statements made in, absolutely privileged, 187. bona fide comments on, protected, 44. private letter to judge is not privileged, 191, 242, 495. attorney's bill of costs is not, 194. voluntary affidavit is not, 194. courts martial, 189, 194. privilege of counsel, 189. solicitor acting as advocate, 190. witnesses, 190. affidavits, &c., 191. reports of, privileged, 194, 248. coram non judice, 249. ex parte proceedings, 248. must be fair and accurate, 255, 263. when not privileged, 253, 263. no comments should be interpolated, 259. by party or solicitor, 261, 497. prohibited reports, 253, 339. JURISDICTION, 518. depends on place of publication, 408, 518. of County Court, 584. of Salford Hundred Court, 588. of Ecclesiastical Courts in defamation, abolished, 17, 61, 88, 722. of Liverpool Court of Passage, 588. service out of, 408, 409, 518, 519. to restrain by injunction the publication of a libel, 337–364. of quarter sessions, 426, 471. removal of indictment by certiorari, 597. JUROR, privilege of, 190. withdrawing a, 578. JURY, to determine whether a publication be a libel or not, 94, 95, 362, 469, 578, to decide on the sufficiency of an apology, 582, 657. to construe the libel, 25, 94, 579. to determine the meaning of words, 94-116, 571. to read whole of libel, 25, 98, 263, 579, 604. to determine facts on which plea of privilege is based, 183, 216. to find malice, 263, 273, 277. amount of damages is question for, 293, 296, 579, 583. perverse finding by, 296, 582. defendant's right to, 362, 557. function of, in prosecutions for libel, 604. special, costs of, 579. to determine truth of the facts charged, 171. must assess damages once for all, 295, 579. should not consider the question of costs, 296, 579. JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, jurisdiction in libel, 589, 592. words by, when privileged, 188, 189. words concerning, 66, 72, 73. administration of the law by, is matter of public interest, 45. reports of proceedings before, 248. cannot commit for contempt, 508. may require sureties for good behaviour, 508. JUSTIFICATION, 170-180. onus of proving words true is on the defendant, 170. the whole libel must be proved true, 170, 174. so must all reported speeches or repetitions of slander, 174. must justify the precise charge, 170, 539, 575. heading must be justified, 98, 170. of innuendo, 177. must be proved in every material part, 171–174, 575. slight immaterial inaccuracy, 171. of part only, in mitigation, 176, 539, 641. plea of, when evidence of malice, 178, 311, 538. must be specially pleaded, 177, 538–540. danger of pleading, 311, 538, 575. how proved, 575. rebutting proof of, 570. Roman law as to, 180. PRECEDENTS, PLEAS OF, in civil cases, 641, 643. in a criminal case, 437, 596. not permitted at common law, 437. under Lord Campbell's Act, 437, 596, 602. not allowed in prosecutions for blasphemous, obscene, or seditious libels, PRECEDENT OF PLEA OF, in criminal cases, 674, 684. KEEPING A BAWDY-HOUSE, charge of, actionable, 56. K. charge of, actionable, 121. KILLING, KING, libels against the, 479. petition to, privileged, 227. words cannot amount to treason, 477. denying his title to the crown, 480. KNOWLEDGE of defendant that his words were false, proof positive of malice, 271, 278. "LAME DUCK," 110. LANDLORD L. and tenant, communications between, privileged, 217, 247. contract for hire of rooms for delivery of blasphemous, 8, 443, 455, 698. libels on, 488-491. petition to, is privileged, 186. LEPROSY, charge of having, 64. LETTER, private, publication of, restrained, 347, 348. of explanation, 378, 383, 652. not privileged from inspection, 554. before action, 517. part only of, may be privileged, 283. post-marks on, 559, 600. |