on applications for leave to file criminal informations, 610–612.

in aggravation or mitigation of punishment, 608.

AGENT,

and principal, 409.

principal's orders no defence, 410.

evidence of authority to publish, 414, 434.

ratification, 412.

innocently publishing a libel, 160, 161, 411.

principal not liable for malice of, 311.

liability of principal for publication by, 411, 413, 433.

AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES,

must be justified, 171.

AGGRAVATION OF DAMAGES, 309–311, 570. wide circulation of libel, 309.

malice, 310.

by plea of justification, 178, 278, 311, 569, 575.
by injudicious cross-examination of plaintiff, 574.
plaintiff's good character, 310.

AGGRAVATION OF PUNISHMENT, affidavits in, 608.

AGREEMENT,

to accept the publication of mutual apologies, 654.

to compromise, 578.

promise to abstain from publishing a libel no consideration for, 8.

ALIEN, 408, 409, 518.

ALLEGORY,

may be a libel, 6, 97, 131, 435.

ALLUSION,

libel by, 97, 566.

AMBASSADORS,

foreign, libels on, 422, 430.

"AMBI-DEXTER," 76, 110.

AMBIGUOUS EXPRESSIONS,

rule of construction as to, 103, 106–116.

evidence as to meaning of, 566.

meaning ascribed by innuendo must be adhered to, 101.

AMENDMENT,

of pleadings, 533, 544.

at the trial, 572.

of variances between words laid and those proved, 565.

of indictment, 600, 601.

of information, 613.

AMENDS,

evidence of, in mitigation of damages, 322, 657.

ANAGRAM,

may be a libel, 6.

ANNUAL PROFITS,

diminution of, 298, 303, 307.

ANONYMOUS LETTER,

shown confidentially, 207, 620.

opinion as to hand writing of, when privileged, 240.

ANSWERS,

to interrogatories, 550-553.

precedents of, 659–661.

APOLOGY, 322—324, 541.

should be demanded before action, 517.

jury to judge of sufficiency of, 582, 657.

should be frank and full, 324, 524.

notice of intention to give evidence of, 542, 658.

form of plea of, 322, 542, 656, 658.

publication of, 345.

APOTHECARY,

words concerning, 71, 77.

APPEAL,

proceedings in the Court of, 580.

from County Court, 587.

APPEALS,

to the public, may be criticised, 50-52.

APPEARANCE, 524.

APPOINTMENT,

to government office is matter of public concern, 43. proof of, 558.

APPORTIONMENT,

of costs of issues, 369.

ARBITRATOR,

costs where cause referred to, 368.

cannot commit for contempt, 503.

ARCHBISHOP,

language concerning, 26.

ARCHITECT,

criticisms on the works of, 49, 71, 172.

words concerning, 71, 78, 623.

ARGUMENT,

of the rule for a criminal information, 612.

ARREST OF JUDGMENT,

motion for, in civil cases, 580.

in criminal cases, 599, 605, 606.

ARSON,

charge of, 113, 122, 130.

ARTIST,

criticism on the pictures and works of, 48, 49.

ART-MASTER,

libel on, 24, 117.

ASSAULT,

with intent to rob, charge of, actionable, 55.

ASSERTION,

of fact, not bond fide comment, 35-38.

ASTERISKS,

put for plaintiff's name, 131, 601.

ATTACHMENT,

for contempt, 499.

committal differs from, 499.

ATTACK,

by plaintiff on defendant, answer to, privileged, 232, 318.

ATTEMPT,

to commit a felony, charge of, actionable, 55, 57.

words sufficient to impute, 124.

ATTORNEY,

Islander of, 69, 70, 76, 77, 206, 627, 637.

libels on, 28, 98, 105, 116, 228, 621, 649, 681.

acting as advocate, privilege of, 190.

not liable for asserting his client's rights, 143, 230.

bill of costs of, not privileged, 194.

publication of libel to, 208, 231.

may give information unasked to client, 211.

plaintiff, proof of qualification, 558.

ATTORNEY-GENERAL,

fiat of, in Ireland, when necessary, 383.

AUCTIONEER,

words concerning, 69, 82.

libellous notice to, by person interested in proceeds of sale, 230, 239.

AUTHOR,

criticisms of works of, 48.

liable as publisher, 157, 158, 432.

AUTHORITY,

given to another to publish a libel, 411-415, 433.

when implied, 412.

ratification, 412.

in criminal cases, 413, 433, 434.

AUTREFOIS ACQUIT,

plea of, 596.

AUTREFOIS CONVICT, plea of, 596.

AVERMENTS,

when necessary, 118-120, 530.

in civil cases, need not be proved, 531.

except of plaintiff's office or trade, 531, 568.

in indictments and criminal informations, introductory averments still necessary, 593, 594, 601.

refusing to honour a cheque, 13.

circulation of rumour that bank had stopped payment, 207, 285.
refusing to accept cheque of a particular bank, 24, 115, 240.

BANKRUPT,

can sue for libel or slander, 406.

charges against, by trustee, privileged, 239, 285.

BANKRUPTCY,

imputation of, 6, 29, 80.

proceedings in, reports of, privileged, 252, 253.

charge of having committed act of, 230, 240.
no defence, 407.

BARRISTER,

slander of, 70, 75, 76.

libels on, 27, 233.

privilege of, 189.

instructions to, absolutely privileged, 191.

libel by, in law book, 5, 257.

criminal information against County Court Judge for refusing to hear, 431.

report of speech of, in Court, 248, 255.

BASTARD,

imputation that heir-apparent is, 140, 141.
charge of having had, not actionable, 86.

except formerly under 18 Elizabeth, c. 3..59.

"BAWD," 87, 133.

BAWDY HOUSE,

charge of keeping, is actionable, 56, 133.

BEGIN,

right to, always with plaintiff, 557.

BELIEF,

in truth of charge, necessary to privilege, 200, 205, 216.

in truth, in mitigation of damages, 317.

hearsay is probable ground for, 216, 282.

mere denial of Christianity is not blasphemy, 442, 692.
intent to bring religion into contempt, 441, 694.

honest advocacy of heretical opinions, 442, 693.

justification not allowed, 441.

heresy distinct from blasphemy, 446.

heresy, 447-450.

statutory provisions, 464-467.

jurisdiction of Ecclesiastical Courts, 448, 449.

reports of proceedings in Courts of Justice as to, are not privileged, 254,

BOARD OF TRADE,

powers of, under Newspaper Libel and Registration Act, 1881..387, 391.

BONA FIDE COMMENT,

no libel, 32-52.

plea of, 575, 635–637.

BONA FIDES

of defendant, 38, 39, 200, 216, 282, 317.

3 B