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she replied," and am doing fairly well with them. It was the best way to take care of my four children after my husband died two years ago. Mr. Marvin was a telegraph operator and the stationmaster here.'

"How did you happen to take up poultry?" I asked, interested because I have sometimes thought of trying to raise squabs myself.

"It was the home demonstration agent," she answered. "Here we are.

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We dismounted in front of a very poor, unpainted house. The room we entered served as kitchen, dining-room, and livingroom. Out of it opened a bedchamber, and that was all the house there was.

"I have only goat's milk," she apologized, "but I can make you some coffee and an omelet."

"That would be good," I acceded with the eagerness of real hunger.

She set to work silently. The two younger children, girls three and four years old, tumbled in at the door during these preparations, and were at once assigned tasks, such as drawing water and fetching dishes.

"You are a scientific cook," I said, as I watched my hostess.

"The home demonstration agent has taught me a few things. My oldest girl, ten years old, cooks better than I do. She made fifty dollars this year from canning. You see, we have a Farm Bureau in the county and an agent who works with us. We've had two projects this year-mealplanning and canning."

"I am very much interested in that kind of work," I confessed, "because I am connected with the Department of Agriculture in Washington, and know a great deal about the office there which has it in charge."

66

She turned from the stove, and her lovely eyes looked at me almost reverently. It's a pleasure to know you," she said. Then, after a pause, she placed a fluffy omelet on the deal table in front of me, and continued, a little bashfully: "I hope you will tell me about the office. Women who belong to it sometimes come out into this State, but I have never seen any of them."

"There is a great deal I might tell you," I responded, " and it would all be worth while and about fine women. But what the Washington office wants to know about is you and your neighbors, and how much help you have received from the agents. I wish you would tell me about your poultry and how the agent helped you to get started."

"I will tell you," she said, "just as I always think of it myself." After placing bread and coffee beside me, she sent the children out to feed the chickens and then sat down and began her story.

66

"I always remember first coming home after the funeral. I had been sort of confused for the two days since he died. Neighbors had been staying with me, but they went back to their own homes. It seemed so queer to feel life beginning to get back to what it always had been. I recollect even being surprised

that my shoes which had trod the earth near the grave pinched me just exactly as they had done a month before at Lucy's party; and it didn't seem nice that the children should beg for their suppers. I fell to asking myself which was queerer, that everything was about the same as it had been, or that my big, jolly, noisy husband had just gone out like a candle flame or a bubble. I'm not talking about religion, but just about this life. Well, I kept wondering and wondering about life and death as I took off my widow's clothes and put the children's play frocks on them again. I recall that I felt sort of proud as I buttoned up those play frocks, thinking that I was now the only protector of my babies. Then as I gathered up some greasewood from my yard and put it in my stove and went out to draw water I began counting up what I had. I was just so silly that it seemed to me I had a good deal. This house was mine, with half an acre of greasewood for fuel. Then there was the goat which the home demonstration agent had coaxed us to buy, so as to have milk for the children. Besides, I had a purse with some savings in it-ten dollars and twenty-one cents. That was all, but there were no debts, for a fraternal organization took charge of the funeral and there was a policy to meet the cost of the sickness.

"Of course I did wonder, as we all ate supper, where food was to come from after ten dollars and twenty-one cents had bought all it would. But I felt that the home demonstration agent, Miss Wyngate, would help me find work. After the children were tucked in bed that evening a wind storm came up. It frightened me, and I lost all my courage. Ten dollars and twenty-one cents would not last us more than two weeks. What then? Miss Wyngate had taught us a lot of thrift-how to make dresses from the tops of stockings and from feed sacks, and how to choose foods that contain the most nourishment. But, after all, thrift won't support you. Money has got to be earned to be thrifty with. How was I to earn it enough for five people?

"I didn't sleep much that night, and the storm was awful. It seemed as if the house would blow down. The next morning I felt all sore and bruised and queer in my head from worry. Nothing seemed real and yet everything seemed terrible. About ten o'clock there was a rap on the door. When I saw Miss Wyngate's face, smiling, I just felt as if I was in the real world again. It was like waking up from a nightmare. She took both my hands and said: What a fine thing it is to be busy, isn't it, Mrs. Marvin? I'm sure it helps you to have the children always wanting something! Maybe I oughtn't to suggest anything more for you to do, but I was wondering if you'd care to go round to the culling demonstration this afternoon?'

"I guess not,' I said, not seeing the thought in her mind at all. I haven't got any money to feed chickens with.'

“Chickens are a pretty good invest

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ment,' she went on. There are many women making a profit of more than three hundred dollars a year with seventy or eighty birds. There is no excuse for failing with them in this part of the world, for the poultry specialist from the college is here, getting rid of the tubercular birds and culling the flocks. She can tell from examining a live hen whether she will lay enough eggs to earn her keep. Those which will not can be sold for eating. About twenty-eight per cent of the hens in most yards she finds to be non-productive. Besides culling she gives advice about feeding, so that eggs are laid the year round. She has shown the women, too, the value of producing infertile eggs for laying down in waterglass and using when the prices of fresh eggs are so high that it is worth while to sell every one that is laid. The profits from poultry have increased about seventy per cent in the counties where she has worked.'

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"I hadn't listened very attentively at first, but little by little what she said got me. The Farm Bureau has been talking some about poultry projects, I know,' said I. 'I'd like right well to try my hand at it, but I haven't money enough to start in.' I told her just what I had.

"I think we can borrow,' she said, allowing you to pay back very slowly. Think it over, and I'll stop for you about three o'clock this afternoon, and if you do feel like going to the poultry culling we'll drive over together.'

"Of course I went, and it just made me feel as I'd got to raise poultry. Well, in a few days Miss Wyngate came in again, and what do you think she had in the back of her little car? Fifty Rhode Island Reds and one rooster as handsome as ever I did see. These birds had been given me by women all through the county who knew my story. As if that wasn't enough, Miss Wyngate said her sister wanted a layette, and would I make it? Would I! That gave me enough money to build a poultry house, and a neighbor put up a brooder for me like one he had invented for himself."

Mrs. Marvin turned her back upon me and frankly wiped her eyes while I frankly wiped mine. Just then the oldest child and her brother came in-fine, happy-looking children. Mrs. Marvin put her arms around them both. "We're laying up money every month to send them to the Agricultural College," she said. "Myrtle is going to be a home demonstration agent and Billy a scientific farmer." They nodded their small heads solemnly.

At that moment I understood more clearly than I ever had before the stuff out of which the new life of our countryside is forming. In the university without walls or class-rooms which the extension movement is building on our farms such fervid apostles of education are developed and trained. Boy and girl, man and woman, old man and old woman, are all matriculated. Each is a pupil and each is a teacher. Thus education becomes as large as work, and work as large and various as life.

THE BOOK TABLE: DEVOTED TO BOOKS AND THEIR MAKERS

TH

THE REVIEWER COMMENTS ON HIS TRADE

HE book review table in an editorial office is a genuinely democratic institution. To find a place thereon a book needs only to be born. Like the fathers of the Republic, editors hold it to be a self-evident proposition that all books are created with a free and equal opportunity to pursue the happiness or unhappiness of being reviewed. But, like the previously mentioned fathers of the Republic, editors are also silent as to the fate that lies in store for their victims after the fact of their free and equal creation has been benevolently acknowledged.

It is indeed a strange medley that greets an editor's roving eye as it rambles along the table top dedicated to new books. Purples and greens, pale lavenders and scarlets, somber browns and demure and pious grays, tall books and fat, thin books and shorta true catalogue of their colors and outward shapes would closely resemble the catalogue of rodents in "The Pied Piper of Hamelin." And the confusion worse confounded of colors and shapes is as nothing to the confusion that lies within these various and variegated covers. Philosophy, history, poetry, science, fiction, and humor, or what authors and publishers have conspired to classify as such, jostle each other, like ill-mannered venders in a public market, crying aloud for instant review. Like the porter in "Macbeth," the reviewer can say: "Here's a knocking indeed!" and if a reviewer" were porter of hell gate, he should have old turning the key."

A reviewer's table is, for certain books (as some one has said of Mayor Hylan's tenancy of the New York City Hall), only a brief stopping-place on the road between obscurity and oblivion. For others, more fortunate, it serves as a platform from which they may receive at least a momentary introduction to the not over-receptive world of letters. For still others, and these are all too few, it may perchance prove the open door to public recognition and a long life of prosperity and honor.

It is the task of the reviewer to sort and classify and describe the suppliants for his attention, to speed good books on their way with a blessing, catch bad books by the coat tails and pull them out of the light that beats upon the printed page, to administer paternal admonitions to volumes that are trying to pass for what they are not and never can be, and to fan judicially the spark of life in those books that show signs of present vitality or the promise of future achievement.

Over the well-worn path that leads across the reviewer's table top passes continually the present generation of that eternal throng of books to the making of which there is no end. As a symbol of the reviewer's task and of the ever-present and overcrowded reality which daily confronts his eyes, "The Book Table" has been chosen as the heading under which comments upon books and their makers will be grouped hereafter in the pages of The Outlook.

EDUCATIONAL

THE NEW BOOKS

Carnegie Pensions. By J. McKeen Cattell. The Science Press, New York.

The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching was established in 1905 by the gift of ten million dollars as a fund for pensions to college professors retiring at a certain age or term of service Subsequent gifts of the founder have increased it to $125,000,000. Its management has not only been sharply criticised by its intended beneficiaries, but has been under fire by Congress and in the press as a centralized autocracy for the control of teachers. An overwhelming majority of the critics quoted by the author oppose its plans. In this volume Professor Cattell supports his arraignment of the Carnegie Foundation by extracts from letters of two hundred and fourteen college and university professors, a "history of ten years of the Carnegie Foundation" by Professor Jastrow, of the University of Wisconsin, and the reports of the Committee of the American Association of University Professors. On the other hand, he blends with his criticisms constructive suggestions for a more excellent way. The case is thus put before the court of intelligent public opinion.

FICTION

Born Fool (The). By John Walter Byrd. The George H. Doran Company, New York. There is good fiction material in this story, but it has been used without much care in planning or proportion. The young man whose life story is told is a born

naturalist and an engineer by education. Incidentally, there are some striking pen pictures of the hard, grinding life in a desolate English mining and milling country. Great Modern English Stories (The). Com

piled and Edited by Edward J. O'Brien. Boni & Liveright, New York.

Biographical sketches and bibliographies add to the interest of this collection. Many comparatively recent short stories, such as those by Walpole, Beresford, and Burke, balance the" classics" of Stevenson, Hardy, and Kipling. All the tales belong to the last forty years, and the average quality is excellent. "The Ghost Ship," by Richard Middleton, is delightful.

HISTORY, POLITICAL ECONOMY, AND POLITICS British Empire and a League of Peace (The). Together with an Analysis of Federal Government: Its Function and Its Method. By George Burton Adams, Litt.D. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York.

Fifty Years of Europe. 1870-1919. By Charles Downer Hazen. Henry Holt & Co., New York.

From Isolation to Leadership. By John Holladay Latané, Ph.D., LL.D. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City.

In this volume the rise and developments of the Monroe Doctrine find clear and concise chronicle. Professor Latané contrasts the operations of the Doctrine with the European plans of power, on the one hand, and, on the other, traces what he calls its "imperialistic tendencies" as evident, he alleges, in the Canal Zone

and in the West Indies, for instance. Coming to the "late" war, the author refers to the Lusitania horror and to the President's "determination to stand by Russia." As to the first, Dr. Latané thinks that " some action would probably have been taken by the State Department regarding the dismissal of the German Ambassador had not the incident been overshadowed by... the actual destruction of the Lusitania." As if this were any excuse for delay! With regard to the second, he would have us believe that "the President's determination to stand by Russia has put a stop to the suggestions by those who... were willing to accept an inconclusive peace based on the sacrifice of Russian territory and independence."

From Czar to Bolshevik. By E. P. Stebbing. Illustrated. The John Lane Company, New York.

This is an interesting and valuable review of the events in Russia which ended with the fall of the Provisional Government in November, 1917, and the seizure of the power by the Bolsheviki. Mr. Stebbing does not spare the Allies in his conclusions. He says that "for reasons which to many, at least, appear inexplicable," Russia's allies "remained aloof from the new and struggling republic. . . . Why was the eastern front sacrificed when at least an attempt might have been made to save it?

-an attempt which some qualified to speak think would have been certain to have met with success." To-day, even more than before, concludes the author, "the object before us is to save the Russian Empire from the German. If we fail in this, the war will have to be fought out again in the future."

Isabel of Castile and the Making_of_the

Spanish Nation, 1451-1504. By Irene L. Plunket. Illustrated. (Heroes of the Nations.) G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. The transition of Spain from mediævalism to modernism, from a position of inferiority to one of primacy in the councils of Europe, under the guidance of Isabel, is succinctly described in this book. The picture it presents seems one of Spain itself rather than of a "Heroine of the Nations;" but the author doubtless had in mind a Spanish proverb, "He who says Spain has said everything," and put the emphasis on the sub-title of the work rather than on the personality of the Queen. Labor and Reconstruction in Europe. By Elisha M. Friedman. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York.

The problems of reconstruction after the war are lucidly set forth in this book. It is a book of information, not of propaganda, and will be helpful to all earnest students of labor questions.

President's Control of Foreign Relations (The). By Edward S. Corwin, Ph.D. The Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J. The two main principles which continually recur in these pages are, first, that a transaction of business with foreign nations is an executive function, and, second, that Congress is not to be prejudiced in exercising its powers by what the Executive has done in exercising his. The net result, however, of a century and a quarter of contest for power between the executive and the legislative branches remains, in the author's opinion, "decisively and conspicuously in favor of the President." To him there has been accorded an unlimited dis

cretion in the recognition of new governments and states, an undefined authority in sending special agents abroad (often of dubious diplomatic status) to negotiate treaties or for other purposes; a similarly undefined power to enter into contracts with their governments without the Senate's participation; the practically exclusive expression in the negotiation of treaties and exclusive initiative in the official formulation of the Nation's foreign policy. Then there are certain war-making powers which the President has gradually taken to himself. As a partial offset there are certain practices and principles safeguarding the discretion of Congress, such as its establishment of its practically exclusive right to abrogate treaties. In its historical and analytical study of all these powers the volume is certainly timely.

Proposed Roads to Freedom: Socialism,

Anarchism, and Syndicalism. By Bertrand Russell, F.R.S. Henry Holt & Co., New York.

Bertrand Russell is a scholar infected with a passion for moral reform. The two temperaments it is difficult, if not impossible, to combine. The scholar's dominating passion is curiosity-he wants to know facts. The moral reformer's dominating passion is ambition-he wants to cure evils. Facts which illustrate the evils he wishes to cure or which furnish arguments for the remedy he proposes interest him; facts which mitigate the evils he wishes to cure or which tend to show that his proposed reform is impracticable he is apt either to deny or to disregard. He is rarely judicial, generally an advocate, often a partisan. Bertrand Russell's critical accounts of Socialism, Anarchism, and Syndicalism are well worth careful reading. He knows his subject and sees with clear vision the defects in these " Proposed Roads to Freedom." But his own proposed road to freedom, given in his last chapter, "The World as It Could be Made," while containing valuable suggestions-seed thoughts, we may call them as a comprehensive social system strikes us as neither an ideal if it were practicable, nor practicable if it were an ideal. As a critical scholar he can be read with profit; as a constructive reformer he must be read with great caution. Resurrected Nations (The). By Isaac Don Levine. The Frederick A. Stokes Company, New York.

A large part of Europe and a portion of Asia may now be described as a meltingpot out of which are to come new nations in the near future as a result of the great war. This book describes in a sympathetic spirit the peoples of eighteen of these embryo nations and tells something of their history. It will prove enlightening to such readers-and who is not among them?are puzzled at times by the racial complexities of the peoples liberated by the great conflict.

-as

Riddle of Nearer Asia (The). By Basil

Mathews. Preface by Viscount Bryce. Illustrated. The George H. Doran Company, New York.

Traditions of British Statesmanship. Some Comments on Passing Events. By the Hon. Arthur D. Elliot. Dodd, Mead & Co., New York.

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY Altruism: Its Nature and Varieties. The Ely Lectures for 1917-18. By George Herbert Palmer. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York City.

Professor Palmer, in all his writings, which are too few, deals not with abstract theories but with the real problems of life. He is always vital and always practical, by

which we mean, not that he deals only with practices, but that he deals with intellectual problems as they affect practices, and so concern men and women. And he is always both clear and cogent, so that if you do not always agree with him you always find it necessary, in order to maintain your self-respect, to find some reason which you can give to yourself for your disagreement. We recommend this little volume as provocative to clear thinking and to all thoughtful persons who are interested in the problems of the moral life. Cyclopedia of Twentieth Century Illustrations (A). New Pictures of Truth from Current Events and Recent Inventions and Discoveries, for the use of Preachers, Sunday-School Teachers and Christian Workers. By Amos R. Wells. The Fleming H. Revell Company, New York. Mind and Conduct. Morse Lectures Delivered at the Union Theological Seminary in 1919. By Henry Rutgers Marshall, L.H.D., D.S. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.

IN A HALL BEDROOM (From "Candles That Burn ")

BY ALINE KILMER

"In the long border on the right I shall plant larkspur first," she thinks.

"Peonies and chrysanthemums

And then sweet-scented maiden

pinks.

"The border on the left shall hold Nothing but masses of white phlox. Forget-me-nots shall edge this one,

The one across be edged with box. "The sun-dial in the center stands. There morning-glories bright shall

twine.

And in the strip at either end Shall grow great clumps of columbine.

"There is no garden in the world

So beautiful as mine," she dreams. Rising, she walks the little space

To where her narrow window
gleams.

She gazes through the dingy pane
To where the street is noisy still,
And tends with pitiable care
A tulip on the window-sill.

POETRY

Candles That Burn. By Aline Kilmer. The George H. Doran Company, New York. Mrs. Kilmer's verses are vivid, poignant, and effective. Most of her poems are filled with the shadows of tragedy, but none of them lacks that dignity which inevitably springs from the high courage of a consecrated spirit. The simplicity, directness, and power of Mrs. Kilmer's verse are well illustrated in the selection from "Candles That Burn" which appears on this page. Harvest Home (The). Collected Poems of James B. Kenyon. James T. White & Co., New York.

New Morning (The). Poems. By Alfred Noyes. The Frederick A. Stokes Company, New York.

WAR BOOKS

Adventures in Propaganda. By Heber
Blankenhorn. Illustrated. Houghton Mifflin
Company, Boston.

All the World. By Charles M. Sheldon. The
George H. Doran Company, New York.
Hatchet (The) of the United States Ship
"George Washington." Compiled by
Captain Edwin T. Pollock, U. S. Navy, and
Lieut. (J. G.) Paul F. Bloomhardt, Chap-
lain Corps, U. S. Navy. Illustrated. The Navy
Relief Society, Washington.
There is a surprising amount of interest-

ing matter connected with the war-time voyages of the George Washington apart from its recent fame as the "President's ship." "The Hatchet " (cleverly named) was printed as a daily on board ship in the war zone and beyond, under the editorship of Captain Edwin T. Pollock and Chaplain Bloomhardt. Seven thousand copies were printed in all, we are told. As now presented in book form, it is admirably illustrated, contains, among other things, an interesting chart of the courses taken by the George Washington in its voyages from December, 1917, to December, 1918, includes a readable account of the incidents of the President's first voyage in the ship, and abounds in clever bits of fun, queer and notable incidents, and sound and patriotic editorials.

Collapse and Reconstruction. European Conditions and American Principles. By Sir Thomas Barclay. Little, Brown & Co., Boston.

Fighting the Flying Circus. By Captain Edward V. Rickenbacker. Maps and Foreword by Laurence La Tourette Driggs. The Frederick A. Stokes Company, New York. Night Bombing With the Bedouins. By One of the Squadron, Robert H. Reece, Lieut. Illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. Our Common Conscience. By Sir George Adam Smith, Kt., D.D., LL.D., Litt.D. The George H. Doran Company, New York. Invited by the National Committee on the Churches and the Moral Aims of the War conjointly working with the Department of Public Information, the distinguished author of this volume toured our country last spring and summer. The title of this collection of his addresses felicitously incarnates the fundamental truth which pervades their message to America as associated with Great Britain and France in a common cause. For no formal compact, however sworn to, is so compelling, so deathless, as a common conscience.

Dr. Smith spoke from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Lakes to the Gulf in nearly forty centers, before thrice as many assemblies of various sorts and sizes; one of his audiences was mainly composed of United States soldiers. Twice before has he been invited hither to lecture-at Johns Hopkins in 1893 and at Yale in 1896. Through the glowing Epilogue to these addresses not only will his countrymen more fully understand and esteem us, but many of us may gain a larger knowledge of ourselves as a people. The volume is dedicated to his sons, "who fell fighting for the Cause," the one in France, the other in East Africa.

BOOKS FOR YOUNG FOLKS

Adventures of Twinkly Eyes (The): The Little Black Bear. By Allen Chaffee. Illustrated. The Milton Bradley Company, Springfield.

Cornelia: The Story of a Benevolent Despot. By Lucy Fitch Perkins. Illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

Dave Porter's War Honors; or, At the Front with the Fighting Engineers. By Edward Stratemeyer. Illustrated. (Dave Porter Series.) The Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Company, Boston.

Dormitory Days. By Arthur Stanwood Pier. Illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Company, Bos

ton.

Good Old Stories for Boys and Girls. Se
lected by Elva S. Smith. Illustrated. The
Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Company, Boston.
Good Sports. By Olive Higgins Prouty. The
Frederick A. Stokes Company, New York.
Hidden Treasure. The Story of a Chore Boy
Who Made the Old Farm Pay. By John
Thomas Simpson. Illustrated. The J. B. Lip-
pincott Company, Philadelphia.
Lad: A Dog. By Albert Payson Terhune. E. P.
Dutton & Co., New York.

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WEEKLY OUTLINE STUDY OF
CURRENT HISTORY

BY J. MADISON GATHANY, A.M

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP IN
THE SCARBOROUGH SCHOOL, SCARBOROUGH-ON-HUDSON, NEW YORK

Based on The Outlook of August 6, 1919

Each week an Outline Study of Current History based on the preceding number of The Outlook will be printed for the benefit of current events classes, debating clubs, teachers of history and of English, and the like, and for use in the home and by such individual readers as may desire suggestions in the serious study of current history.-THE EDITORS.

[Those who are using the weekly outline should not attempt to cover the whole of an outline in any one lesson or study. Assign for one lesson selected questions, one or two propositions for discussion, and only such words as are found in the material assigned. Or distribute selected questions among different members of the class or group and have them report their findings to all when assembled. Then have all discuss the questions together.]

I-INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

A. Topic: The Proposed Alliance with
France.

Reference: Page 525.
Questions:

1. Make a report on the following questions relative to treaties: How are treaties negotiated? How do they become law? Can Congress repeal a treaty? Suppose the terms of a treaty and a law of Congress should conflict, which would be considered law? What is the status of a treaty that is contrary to the Constitution? Can public money be appropriated by a treaty? Should the House of Representatives have any voice in treaty-making? Reasons. 2. Make as many comparisons as you can between international conditions and political ideals at the time of the American alliance with France in 1778 and at the present time. Compare also the provisions and

purposes of that alliance with the provisions and purposes of the proposed alliance with France. What conclusions do you find yourself drawing? 3. What possible reasons can you think of for withholding assent from the French treaty? 4. The Outlook upholds President Wilson in signing the treaty with France. Give as many reasons as you can for agreeing with The Outlook. 5. Criticise the following statements: "Nobody much wants the alliance. ""This alliance violates the Covenant [League of Nations] in a most fundamental way." "The object of this treaty is to create a clique within a clique." "The purpose of this treaty is not to protect France against a German invasion." 6. For outside material on this topic consult "American Government," by F. A. Magruder (Allyn & Bacon)-a most excellent text-book-and "The French War and the Revolution," by W. M. Sloane (Scribners).

99

B. Topic: Mr. Taft, Mr. Hughes, and the
League of Nations; The Guide of the
Nations; What the Pacific Northwest
Thinks About the League and the
Treaty.
Reference: Pages 530-532; 537-539.
Questions:

1. Explain carefully the public stand taken by Mr. Taft and Mr. Hughes as to the League of Nations and reservations. 2. Discuss the importance of their stand. 3. Do you think the safety of the American people at the present time rests as truly in the Republican party as it did when the Republican party was formed? Think carefully and hard. 4. What does Dr. Abbott think of the League of Nations?

Upon what does his faith in the League rest? Tell what you think of his ideas and beliefs. 5. Discuss whether Dr. Abbott shows good judgment when he says that he is willing to accept any reservations which competent authority assures him will not imperil the acceptance of the League of Nations by other nations. 6. Does it seem to you that history shows that a successful civilization depends upon the hearty co-operation of individuals and nations in furthering the common good? Illustrate freely from National and international experiences. 7. Dr. Abbott believes that God is the guide of the nations. Are you of his opinion? Give several reasons. 8. According to Professor Davenport, what does the Pacific Northwest think of the League and the Treaty? Explain at some length. 9. How do you like the reported opinion of the Pacific Northwest? Discuss. 10. America has a high international moral leadership. Explain how she achieved such leadership. Has this been true of her only since 1917? 11. Write out a number of lessons you think the articles for this topic

teach.

II-NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Topic: Racial Tension and Race Riots. Reference: Editorial, pages 532-534. Questions:

1. Describe as carefully as you can the race riots in Washington and Chicago. Are they a National disgrace? Reasons. 2. Who and what are responsible for these riots? How far back is responsibility to be traced? 3. Since 1890 most of the Southern States have framed constitutions

containing clauses which practically disfranchise the Negro. The Outlook reports other conditions of the Negro in the South. Has the Southern treatment of the Negro any relation to the race riots in the North? 4. Should the Supreme Court and the American Government take steps in solving the Negro problem? If so, what steps? Discuss at length.

III-PROPOSITIONS FOR DISCUSSION (These propositions are suggested directly or indirectly by the subject-matter of The Outlook, but not discussed in it.)

1. Democracy is more preached than practiced. 2. America should enter into an unending offensive and defensive alliance with Great Britain. 3. The United States has a race problem more serious than that of any other nation in the world.

IV-VOCABULARY BUILDING

(All of the following words and expressions are found in The Outlook for August 6, 1919. Both before and after looking them up in the dictionary or elsewhere, give their meaning in your own words. The figures in parentheses refer to pages on which the words may be found.)

Alliance, purport (525); shibboleth (537); assiduity, pusillanimous, miasma, canny (538); bravado (532); provost guard, aftermath (533).

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