IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED STATES,

TABLE V.-General imports of argols and wine lees into United States by countries. 1911-1918.

TABLE VI.-Imports of argols, or crude tartar, or wine lees, crude or partly refined, containing not more than 90 per cent of potassium bitartrate.1

TABLE VII.-Imports of argols, partly refined, or tartars and lees crystals, containing not more than 90 per cent of potassium bitartrate.

TABLE VIII.-Imports of argols or crude tartar or wine lees, crude or partly refined, containing more than 90 per cent of potassium bitartrate.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN REFINED CREAM OF TARTAR AND TARTARIC ACID.

The manufacture of cream of tartar and tartaric acid is carried on to a considerable extent in Italy, France, and Spain near the source of the raw materials. England, Germany, Russia, and the United States have factories for making the refined articles from imported raw materials.

The relative importance of tartaric acid and cream of tartar differs in Europe and the United States. Baking powders containing cream of tartar are more generally used in the United States than in Europe. On the other hand, there is a considerable market in Europe for tartaric acid as an addition to grape juice to be used for wine making.

ITALY.

Italy's exports of tartaric acid varied from about five million to eight million pounds per year from 1910 to 1915 and the United Kingdom and Argentina were her best customers. Until 1913, however, imports of cream of tartar into Italy exceeded exports therefrom, but since that date exports have been greater than imports and have gone chiefly to England.

TABLE X.—Imports and exports of tartaric acid for Italy, 1910–1917.1

TABLE XI.—Imports and exports of cream of tartar for Italy, 1910–1917.1

TABLE XII.-Exports of tartaric acid and cream of tartar from Italy, by

FRANCE.

France is also an important exporter of cream of tartar and tartaric acid. French cream of tartar goes almost entirely to Great Britain and Australia. French tartaric acid is much more widely distributed than the cream of tartar. Algeria has taken more French tartaric acid than any other nation, and England, Argentina, and Germany have also been good customers for tartaric acid.

TABLE XIII.-Exports of tartaric acid and cream of tartar from France, 1910-1918.1

TABLE XIV.-Exports of tartaric acid and cream of tartar from France, by

Germany did an export business in these refined products comparable in magnitude with the exports of France and Italy, although the German industry was largely dependent on imported raw materials.

TABLE XV.—Imports and exports of crude and refined tartar for Germany, 1909-1913.1

TABLE XVI.-Imports and exports of tartaric acid for Germany, 1909-1913.1

Under the tariff act of 1909 the rates of duty on crude tartar materials and on cream of tartar and tartaric acid were so adjusted as to be almost prohibitory on the refined articles. The tariff act of 1913, which lowered the rates on the refined articles, was followed by an increase in the imports of cream of tartar and tartaric acid during the 1914 and 1915 fiscal years, but imports of the crude materials continued to be equivalent to more than five times those of the refined articles. (See Tables V-IX for the imports of the crude materials.)

IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED STATES.

TABLE XVII-Imports of tartar, cream of tartar, and patent tartar for consumption in the United States, 1910 1919.