INDIANA.

Whence is the name Indiana derived?

A. From the original tenants and owners of the land, as the name indicates.

Q. What are the boundaries, &c. of Indiana ?

A. Length 240, breadth 150 miles. Between 37° 48' N. latitude, and 7° 45′ and 11° west longitude. Bounded north by the State of Michigan and lake Michigan, east by Ohio, south by the Ohio river, which separates it from Kentucky, and west by Illinois. It contains about 37,000 square, equal to 23,680,000 acres.

Q. What are the names of the mountains in Indiana ? A. There are no mountains in Indiana; the country is however in some parts hilly, particularly towards the Ohio river. A range of hills, called the Knobs extends from the falls of the Ohio to the Wabash, and separates the waters of the Ohio from those of the White river. North of the Wabash, between Tippecanoe and Ouitanon, the Wabash hills are found, which are rather precipitous. These constitute the principal hills of Ohio.

Can you describe the rivers of Indiana ?

A. The description of the Ohio river will be found in the account of the rivers of Ohio.

Wabash, river of the United State in Ohio, Indianna and Illinois and the great northwestern constituent of the Ohio river. Besides many minor streams, the Wabash is composed of three main branches, Little Wabash on the southwest Wabash proper in the centre, and White river on the eastern side of the valley. Little Wabash rises in Shelby county Illinois, interlocking sources with those of Kaskaskia river, and flowing thence in a S. S. E. direction over Fayette, Clay, Wayne, and White counties Illinois, falls into the main channel of the Wabash, between White and Gallatin counties, about 10 miles direct course above the influx of Wabash into Ohio river.

The entire course of Little Wabash is about 110 miles, mean breadth of its valley 25, and area 2,750 square miles, between latitude 37° 50', and 40° 30'.

Embarras river is another branch of the Wabash, the whole valley of which lies in the state of Illinois, The Embarras has its extreme source in Vermillion county Illinois, interlocking sources with those of Vermillion, Kaskaskia and Little Wabash rivers.

Flowing nearly parallel to the latter, over Edgar, Clark, and Drawford counties, it falls into the Wabash 10 miles below Vincennes, after a course of about 100 miles. Mean width of the valley 20 miles, and area 2,000 square miles.

The valley of the Embarras occupies the space between the higher sources of Kaskaskia, and the main Wabash. In the distance of 100 miles, air measure, from the influx of Embarras to that of Vermilion, the Wabash does not receive a stream from the right, or from the state of Illinois above the size of a large creek.

Vermillion river rises in the state of Illinois, to the N. wards of Vermillion county, interlocking sources with the Embarras and Kaskaskia, and with those of the Sangamon and Pickman branches of Illinois river.

Flowing 60 miles to the southward, it falls into the main

channel of the Wabash, after having traversed Vermil lion county of Illinois, and Vermillion county of Indiana. Tippecanoe, as laid down by Tanner, is the extreme N. ern source of the Wabash, rising at latitude 41° 30', and longitude 9o west Washington City, interlocking sources with those of Kankakee branch of Illinois river, and with the Elkhart, or southern branch of the St. Joseph's of river, of lake Michigan. Howing 70 miles, first to the S. west, and thence curving south, Wabash in the northern margin of La Fayette county.

The left inclined plane of the Wabash valley, is in length about 330 miles, the breadth in no place extends to 60, and averaging about 35 miles from the main channel; area 11,550 square miles.

Wabash proper rises on the great plateau, or table land between the Ohio river and lakes Erie and Michigan, and within five miles of the junction of St. Joseph's and Saint Mary's rivers.

The country from which the Wabash rises, is amongst the most remarkable on the earth. The constituents of the Maumee, the St. Joseph rising in Michigan, and Saint Mary's rising in the state of Ohio, each flow a distance of 70 miles, in complete accordance with the confluents of Wabash; but uniting at Fort Wayne, Allen county Indiana, the united waters, in place of continuing what would be apparently the natural course, down the channel of the Wabash, turn in a directly opposite direction, and form the Maumee; this flowing northeastwardly 110 miles, is lost in the southwestern bay of lake Erie.

The central plain is indeed so nearly a dead level, as to admit but little current in the streams. That which is laid down by Tanner as the main source of Wabash, rises in Mercer and Darke counties Ohio, flowing thence N. west by west, it enters Indiana, and after a course of 60

miles, recieves Little river, from the central table land in Allen county.

It is the sources of the latter stream, which so nearly approach the junction of St. Mary's and St. Joseph's rivers, and it is along its channel, that a canal has been proposed to unite the Wabash and Maumee rivers. The Wabash, already a navigable stream at the influx of Little river, inflects a little south of west 50 miles, receiving the Salamanic and Missisinewa from the southeast, Eel river from the northwest. Below the influx of Eel river, the main channel inflects to southwest 70 miles, receiving the Tippecanoe 30 miles below the mouth of Eel river.

At the lower end of the last mentioned course, according to Tanner's United State, the channel of Wabash is only about 10 miles from the eastern boundary of Illinois; but deflecting a very little west of south, it continues 60 miles entirely in Indiana, to a point between Vigo county of the latter, and Clarke county of Illinois.

From hence the main channel continues a general course 120 miles forming a boundary between the two states, and receiving the Little Wabash from the northwest, and the White river from the northeastward.

White river is the most considerable branch of Wabash draining the large space between the main stream above their confluence, and that part of Ohio river between the mouths of Miami and Wabash.

The valley of White river, comprising an area of 11,000 square miles, is drained by innumerable smaller streams which first unite in two branches, which again by their union form White river. White river proper, or the N. ern branch, has its extreme source in Randolph county Indiana, but almost on the western border of Darke county Ohio.

Flowing thence westward 70 miles, over Randolph, Delaware and Madison counties into Hamilton county, it