Darwin and the Nature of SpeciesState University of New York Press, 2012. 2. 1. - 293페이지 Since the 1859 publication of On the Origin of Species, the concept of "species" in biology has been widely debated, with its precise definition far from settled. And yet, amazingly, there have been no books devoted to Charles Darwin's thinking on the term until now. David N. Stamos gives us a groundbreaking, historical reconstruction of Darwin's detailed, yet often misinterpreted, thoughts on this complex concept. Stamos provides a thorough and detailed analysis of Darwin's extensive writings, both published and unpublished, in order to reveal Darwin's actual species concept. Stamos argues that Darwin had a unique evolutionary species concept in mind, one that was not at all a product of his time. Challenging currently accepted views that believe Darwin was merely following the species ascriptions of his fellow naturalists, Stamos works to prove that this prevailing, nominalistic view should be overturned. This book also addresses three issues pertinent to the philosophy of science: the modern species problem, the nature of concept change in scientific revolutions, and the contextualist trend in professional history of science. |
목차
| 1 | |
2 Taxon Category and Laws of Nature | 21 |
3 The HorizontalVertical Distinction and the Language Analogy | 37 |
4 Common Descent and Natural Classification | 65 |
5 Natural Selection and the Unity of Science | 81 |
6 Not Sterility Fertility or Niches | 107 |
7 The Varieties Problem | 131 |
8 Darwins Strategy | 153 |
9 Concept Change in Scientific Revolutions | 187 |
10 Darwin and the New Historiography | 207 |
Notes | 231 |
References | 249 |
Index | 267 |
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자주 나오는 단어 및 구문
accepted according adaptations apparently argued argument Asa Gray become beginning believe biology Burkhardt and Smith called cause chapter characters claim classification clearly closely common considered conversion correspondence course Darwin Darwin wrote defined definition descent discussion distinct doubt entities essential evidence evolution evolutionary example existence extinction fact fellow naturalists fertility fixed forms further give given gradual Gray hand Hooker horizontal Huxley idea important individuals interesting kind language later laws letter look Lyell matter Mayr meaning mind Moreover namely natural selection naturalists never niche objective organisms Origin particular passage present principle problem produced realist reality reason reference regard rejected relation says scientific seems seen sense similarity speciation species category species concept species nominalism species taxa Stamos sterility term theory thought tion true variation varieties vary writings wrote
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57 페이지 - To my mind it accords better with what we know of the laws impressed on matter by the Creator, that the production and extinction of the past and present inhabitants of the world should have been due to secondary causes, like those determining the birth and death of the individual.
2 페이지 - In short, we shall have to treat species in the same manner as those naturalists treat genera, who admit that genera are merely artificial combinations made for convenience. This may not be a cheering prospect ; but we shall at least be freed from the vain search for the undiscovered and undiscoverable essence of the term species.
123 페이지 - The inhabitants of the Cape de Verde Islands are related to those of Africa, like those of the Galapagos to America. I believe this grand fact can receive no sort of explanation on the ordinary view of independent creation...
242 페이지 - Firstly, that up to that time, the evidence in favour of transmutation was wholly insufficient; and secondly, that no suggestion respecting the causes of transmutation assumed, which had been made, was in any way adequate to explain the phenomena. Looking back at the state of knowledge at that time, I really do not see that any other conclusion was justifiable.
65 페이지 - ... community of descent is the hidden bond which naturalists have been unconsciously seeking, and not some unknown plan of creation, or the enunciation of general propositions, and the mere putting together and separating objects more or less alike.
53 페이지 - ... to community of descent, and analogies due to a similar process of formation. The manner in which certain letters or sounds change when others change is very like correlated growth. We have in both cases the reduplication of parts, the effects of long-continued use, and so forth. The frequent presence of rudiments, both in languages and in species, is still more remarkable. The letter m in the word am, means I; so that in the expression / am, a superfluous and useless rudiment has been retained.
49 페이지 - The green and budding twigs may represent existing species ; and those produced during former years may represent the long succession of extinct species. At each period of growth all the growing twigs have tried to branch out on all sides, and to overtop and kill the surrounding twigs and branches, in the same manner as species and groups of species have...
34 페이지 - ... bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent upon each other in so complex a manner, have all been produced by laws acting around us.
11 페이지 - It is really laughable to see what different ideas are prominent in various naturalists' minds, when they speak of " species ; " in some, resemblance is everything and descent of little weight — in some, resemblance seems to go for nothing, and Creation the reigning idea — in some, descent is the key, — in some, sterility an unfailing test, with others it is not worth a farthing. It all comes, I believe, from trying to define the undefinable.
104 페이지 - I mean by this expression that the whole organisation is so tied together during its growth and development, that when slight variations in any one part occur, and are accumulated through natural selection, other parts become modified.