the chiefs and warriors, she kept the leading men constantly under her eye, and would not suffer them to utter a sentence on public affairs, but in her presence.

The president finding no peaceable agreeement could be made with the Indians, while under the baleful influence of their pretended queen, ordered her to be seized and confined. To allay the storm of indignation excited by this, a feast was made for the Indians, at which the evil designs of Bosomworth were unfolded in a speech by the president. This had a temporary effect. Even Malatche seemed satisfied. But contriving to see Bosomworth and his wife alone for a few minutes, the artful couple again seduced the aged chief, who returned to the council full of indignation, to insist on the rights of the queen. Upon this, the president rose, and in a short but plain address, so set forth the impositions of Bosomworth and Mary, that the Indians said they were satisfied; their eyes were opened, and they now offered to smoke the pipe of peace. Accordingly pipes and rum were brought, and they joined hand in hand and smoked together. Presents were distributed, and all appeared satisfied and happy.

But in the midst of this friendly interview, Mary, who by some means had contrived to escape, rushed in like a fury, and insultingly told the president that she would soon convince him that the Indians were her people, and that he had no business with them.

THE president quietly advised her to return to her lodgings, or he would send her to prison. Upon this Malatche took fire; and swinging his arms, declared that no one should touch the queen. The house was filled in a moment with tumult; every Indian having his tomahawk in his hand, and the president and council expecting nothing but instant death. At this critical juncture, Captain Noble Jones with his guard interposed, and required the Indians to surrender. They did so with great reluctance. Mary was conveyed to a safe place. Bosomworth was sent for; but for a time treated the council with great indignity. At length, through the interposition of Bosomworth's brother, the difficulty was settled. This rash and wicked man was forgiven, and the idle claims of Mary were relinquished.

They were, however, afterwards renewed; Bosomworth himself insti-. tuted a suit in England, founded upon his deed from the Indians. This case was in the courts of Great Britain twelve years. In 1759, a decision was made at the court of St. James, granting to Bosomworth and his wife

the Island of St. Catherines. Bosomworth and Mary took possession of the island. There, some time after, Mary died, upon which Bosomworth married his chambermaid.

Finally, the remains of these two were deposited in the same graveyard, on the island for which they had so long contended.

In 1752, the twenty-one years, the term of the original charter, expired, and the trustees conscious that their well-meant regulations had produced nothing but discontent and poverty, gave up their charge to the king. Georgia, now become a royal province, seemed to have taken a sudden onward start. The people were left to use their own means of advancement, lands were held on the tenure that best pleased them; negroes and rum were imported freely; and a free intercourse was opened with the West Indies. From this time, the colony advanced as rapidly as South Carolina. The capital was first at Savannah, then at Augusta and Louisville, successively, and finally at Milledgeville. As late as 1778, Savannah was still a small town, as may be seen by the engraving at the head of this chapter, copied from an English print, the original of which was a drawing taken at the time. The people were generaly distinguished for their attention to moral and religious affairs; but Georgia received her full share of the convicted felons whom the British government, in the perfection of its care for the interests of the colonists, transported to America, and their presence had a deteriorating influence upon the morals of the people

GENERAL AFFAIRS OF THE COLONISTS UNTIL THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR.

EEMING that we have sufficiently traced the separate history of the thirteen colonies, we now proceed to the narration of those events which exercised an influence common to them all, and in which they were all concerned. The colonies were altogether unconnected; each had been founded on a separate basis, by distinct and even hostile classes, and the jealousies which were constantly arising

concerning boundaries, served to widen the breach between them. One object only, called for the co-operation of the colonies. This was their protection against the French and Indians. The national antipathy between the French and English was extreme in the colonies, and they eagerly took up arms at the first intelligence of a war between the two countries.

As early as 1629, Sir David Kirk, having equipped a fleet, surprised and took Quebec, but it was restored to France in 1632. The support given to the Five Nations by the English led to another contest with the French of Canada. In this irregular struggle, the French suffered terribly from the sudden attacks of the Indians, who gave an effectual protection to the frontier settlements of New York. After the Revolution of 1688, Britain declared war against France, and determined to strike a blow against the enemy's power beyond the Atlantic. In the meantime, the English colonists began the contest with the French and Indians.

N the 27th of June, 1689, Major Waldron was surprised in his garrison at Dover, New Hampshire, by the Pennicock Indians, and was killed with 20 others; and 29 were taken prisoners. Five or six houses, with the mills, were burnt.

On the 26th of July, 1200 Indians of the Five Nations, invading the Island of Montreal, burned all the plantations, and made a terrible massacre of men, women, and children. The whole French colony was thrown into consternation; and Valrenes, the commander at Catarocuay, by order of Denonville, abandoned the fortress at that place.

On the 22d of August, the Indians besieged the fort at Pemaquid. This fort was so situated as to be overlooked from an adjacent rock, from which the Indians galled the garrison so severely, that the next day it capitulated.

A conference was held at Albany, in September, between several commissioners from the colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, and Connecticut, and the Five Nations. The commissioners endeavored to engage the Five Nations against the Eastern Indians, who were then at war with New England; but, though they would not enter into that war, they ratified their friendship with the English colonies. "We promise," said they, "to preserve the chain inviolably, and wish that the sun may always shine in peace over all our heads, that are comprehended in this chain."*

* Holmes.