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taken by small-arms and dragoons, had recourse to a stratagem. Having made an imposing show of part of his men, and having placed the trunk of a pine tree in such a position as to resemble a cannon, Colonel Washington summoned the garrison to surrender, and it yielded without firing a gun. Colonel Rugely and 112 men were made prisoners.

In North Carolina, there were a great many loyalists, and a fierce and destructive warfare was carried on between them and their republican neighbors. The country was threatened with entire desolation. Greene was obliged to have recourse to severe measures to procure clothing and provisions for his

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Counterfeit Cannon.

men.

But his army increased in number, and under his orders improved in discipline. A correspondence was opened between the opposing commanders concerning the cruel treatment of prisoners taken upon both sides. Cornwallis said that he had resolved upon retaliation for the execution of the prisoners taken at King's Mountain, although it was notorious that he had set the example. Greene prepared to open the campaign in a vigorous manner, and the British commander was soon confirmed in the opinion he had expressed soon after the battle of Germantown-that "Greene was as dangerous as Washington."

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THE CAMPAIGN OF 1781, IN THE NORTHERN STATES, AND VIRGINIA.

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HOUGH Arnold's address to his countrymen did not detach the soldiery of America from the service in which they had engaged, other causes threatened to produce the disbanding of the army. The troops were without such clothing as the season required, and their pay was in arrears. At length, their complicated grievances caused a mutiny which warned the government what might be expected if they were not relieved.

The mutinous spirit first displayed itself at Morristown, where the Pennsylvania line was encamped. The troops were equal to any in the army in respect to courage and discipline. An ambiguity in the terms of their enlistment afforded a pretext for their conduct. A great part of them were enlisted for three years, or during the war. The three years had expired, and the men contended that the choice of going or staying remained with them.

On the night of the 1st of January, 1781, the non-commissioned officers and privates, upon a concerted signal, turned out under arms and declared for a redress of grievances. The officers attempted to quiet the mutiny, but in vain. A captain was killed and several were wounded. General

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Wayne presented his pistol as if about to fire upon them, but he found the troops were determined. They held their bayonets to his breast, and said: "We love and respect you, but if you fire, you are a dead man. We are not going over to the enemy. On the contrary, if they were now to come out, you should see us fight under your orders with as much alacrity as ever, but we will no longer be amused. We are determined on obtaining what is our just due." In spite of arguments and entreaties, about 1300 of the troops moved off in a body from Morristown, and proceeded in good order, with their arms and six field-pieces, to Princeton. They elected temporary officers. In order to prevent them from plundering the inhabitants for subsistence, General Wayne forwarded provisions after them. They professed that they had no object in view but to obtain what was justly due to them, and their actions were consistent with their professions. Congress sent a committee of their body, consisting of General Sullivan, Mr. Matthews, Mr. Atlee and Dr. Witherspoon, to procure an accommodation. The troops were firm in refusing any terms of which a redress of grievances was not the foundation. Yet they were patriotic. Sir Henry Clinton, by confidential messengers, offered to take them under the protection of the British government, and to pardon ali their past offences, without expecting military service from them. The

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royal commander-in-chief was surprised to find that the revolting troops disdained his offers. His messengers were seized and delivered to General Wayne, who had them tried and executed on the 10th of January.

President Reed and General Potter, being appointed by the council of Pennsylvania to confer with the mutineers, met them at Princeton. Reed offered them a purse of a hundred guineas as a reward of their fidelity, in delivering up the spies; but they refused to accept it, as they said they had only done their duty. Those whose term of service had expired were discharged and others had their arrears of pay in a great measure made up to them. A general amnesty closed the business. Washington fully appreciating the sufferings of his army, sent General Knox to the four Eastern States to stimulate them to immediate exertion. Massachusetts led the way, and the others soon imitated her advances.

About 160 of the Jersey troops followed the mutinous example of the Pennsylvanians; but they did not conduct themselves with equal spirit and prudence. They committed various outrages. Major-General Howe adopted decisive measures to reduce them to obedience. He marched from Ringwood about midnight, with a strong force, and by the dawning of the next day had his men in four different positions to prevent the revolters from making their escape. They were then ordered to parade without arms, and march to a particular spot of ground. After some hesitation,

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