creased to ed. in the pound; and upon ail incomes derivable from trade and commerce, which was the return of labour and capital together, the tax should be 6d, and upon all professional and precarious momes it should be 4d in the pound. The hon. gentleman contended that the revenue which would be derivable from his proposed scheme would exceed that derived from the present mode of levving the income tax. The House divided -for the motion, 316; for the amend ment, 141.

March 6. Mr. Hume moved that the duration of the INCOME TAX should be limited to one year. After three evenings' debate, a division took place on Monday, March 13-For Mr. Hume's motion, 13×; against it, 3.3.

March 8. In committee on the ROMAN CATHOLIC RE11EF Bill Sir R. H. Inglisobjected to that portion which went to repeal the 1st of Elizabeth, enjoining the oath of supremacy. Fae committee divided-For the amendment, 59; against it. 94. Mr. Hewley moved the omission of the words **in so far as relates to Roman Catholics," being desirous that no distinction should be made between any class of Her Majesty's subjects. The committee divided-For the amendment, 119; against it, 151.

March 9. Mr. S. Craeford moved for leave to bring in a Bill to amend the IRISH POOR RELIEF EXTENSION Act, with a view to repeal the tenth section, commonly called “ The Quarter-acre Clause." He contended that this peremptory clause, which forbade relief, outdoor or indoor,

to all persons in possession of a quarter of an acre of land or upwards, inflicted the grossest injustice on many who could not get rid of their occupancies. The House divided For the motion, 21; against it, 114.

March 14. Mr. Ewart moved for leave to bring in a Bill for the total abolition of the PUNISHMENT OF DEATH. The House divided For the motion, 66; against it, 122.

March 17. The House having gone into committee of Ways and Means, Sir B. Hall moved the extension of the INCOME TAX to Ireland. The House divided-For the motion, 138; against it, 218,

March 20. In committee of Supply, Mr. Ward brought forward the NAVY ESTIMATES. He moved a vote of 1,425,3052. to meet the expense of a naval force of 27.500 men, 2,000 boys, and 13,500 marines. He argued at great length to show that the increased estimates were indispensable, but hoped that when the docks at Chatham, and the basins at Plymouth and Malta, should have been completed they might have a considerably reduced expenditure in future years.-Mr. Hume believed that the number of men might be reduced by 15,000, yet he would confine himself to moving, as an amendment, that the number should be 36,000 instead of 43,000. After some debate, this amendment was defeated by a ma~jority of 347 to 38. The original motion was then agreed to.

FRANCE.

History has no instance on record of a change of government so unexpected, so sudden, so complete as that which has taken place in Paris. There was little of real fighting. The total number of wounded persons in the hospitals amounted only to 428 persons, of whom 350 were civilians, and 78 military. The total of persons killed may be certainly set down as less than 200. In the whole three days' insurrection not one piece of ordnance of any description appears to have been fired.

By one of the most daring acts ever performed, the extreme Republicans possessed themselves of the government in the first tumult and confusion, and they have hitherto been quietly allowed to retain the power they so boldly usurped. In the development of their policy, it is evident that this is not only a political but a social revolution; that it has been achieved

by the working classes with the view of gaining great material advantages; that it is, in plain terms, a Jack Cade revolution on the grandest scale, to raise wages, to cheapen provisions, to shorten hours of work, and to confer on labour all the rights of property. The Provisional Government at once pledged itself to the consideration of the labour question. Every class of workmen has thronged to the Hotel de Ville, and these deputations are constantly repeated. The Provisional Government, with the simplicity natural to ardent theorists, imagines that proclamations and decrees will do everything. Its members labour incessantly each in his separate office. Every day the papers are filled with new proclamations, but yet every day distrust grows stronger and difficulties increase, and traders of all kinds are deploring the triumph of revolt. The French funds have an upwards of

twenty-five per cent., and railway property has become comparatively valueless. Large numbers of English workmen employed on the railroads, and about 2,500 at the flax and other mills in Normandy, have been suddenly dismissed at the dictation of the mob, and even prohibited from withdrawing their property from the savings banks.

On Sunday 5th March the funeral of "the victims of the 22nd, 23rd, and 24th February," was celebrated by a grand procession, which is estimated to have been six miles in length. The bodies, (which were only fifteen in number, the others having been otherwise disposed of,) were placed under the Column of July. A decree issued on the 15th of March by M. Ledru-Rollin, the Minister of the Interior, for abolishing the grenadier and light-infantry companies of the National Guard, with the view of affecting the elections for officers, occasioned great irritation. The next day they went in a body to the Hotel de Ville and obtained a postponement of the decree. The next day a body of 200,000 workmen paraded the boulevards, in order to exhibit the strength of the democrats. On the 16th cash payments were suspended by the Bank of France. The private banks generally have either failed or suspended payments. The elections for the Representative Assembly are fixed for the 23rd of April, and it is to meet on the 4th of May.

AUSTRIA.

The events which have recently occurred in France have fanned into a flame the smouldering embers of discontent in Austria. Prince Metternich, who for forty years has been the dominant ruler in that country, has been swept from his seat of power as rapidly as was Louis Philippe from his throne. On the 13th March the students at the university, having sent a petition to the Emperor praying for an abolition of the censorship, academical freedom, a national parliament, &c. went in a body to the house where the States hold their sittings, of which they took possession, declaring they would not quit before receiving an answer from the Emperor. At noon the troops were called out, and the streets cleared; the students, having got no reply, demolished all they could lay hands on in the hall of the States' house, and were actively engaged, when the Archduke Albert arrived, and promised that, if they would wait half an hour, all their requests should be granted; shortly afterwards the deputation returned, having met with a decided refusal and threats of imprisonment. They then turned out into the streets, where they were

joined by the people. The émeute continued all night, and in the morning the people again marched to the Emperor's palace, which was strongly defended by a body of soldiers under the command of the Archduke Albert; they fired on the people without giving previous notice, and committed fearful havoc. In the meantime the States petitioned the Emperor to grant the petitions of the people, and in the evening, finding them still resolute, he accorded the liberty of the press, a national guard, and a national Parliament. The students were then armed, and, with the civic guard, patrolled the town, and restored order, for which they were thanked by the Emperor. The Vienna Gazette of the 14th contained the following official notification :-"The Privy State Councillor Prince Metternich has resigned his office into the hands of His Majesty the Emperor." The Prince fled from Vienna on the night of the 13th. The two unpopular Archdukes, Lewis and Albert, the latter of whom was Commander-in-Chief of the army, have been deprived of their functions. On the 21st the Emperor published an amnesty for all past political offences.

HUNGARY.

A deputation of 150 Hungarian noblemen had an interview with the Emperor on the 18th March, in order to express to his Majesty the great desire of the people of Hungary that he would grant to them a liberal constitution, which favour would ensure the prompt and willing services of the Hungarians in assisting the Austrians. His Majesty immediately returned an affirmative answer, saying to the deputation, "I will grant the whole of your request;" and the constitution has since been publicly proclaimed.

PRUSSIA.

Outbreaks of a serious nature have taken place at Berlin, accompanied by considerable loss of life. For some time past much agitation has been going on to get up petitions to the King praying for the liberty of the press and other reforms. In order to debate these questions large openair meetings have been held, and the troops were obliged to be called out to disperse them, and in so doing several persons were wounded. On the 18th of March the King issued a decree, convoking the United Diet on the 27th April, and granting certain reforms. A large crowd assembled in front of the palace, and began to cry out for the withdrawal of the troops. The King came out on the balcony, and was greeted by an immense shout of joy. Seeing the people approach somewhat closer

THE GERMAN STATES.

Independently of the more important news from Austria and Prussia, the movement in favour of reform is progressing successfully through the German states. and already freedom of the press and other rights similar to those enjoyed by the Eng ish people have become general. There is no disposition in Germany to fraternize with French Republicanism. A union of German races, accompanied by rational liberty, is all that is desired by the reflective Germans.

At Stuttgard, on the 24 March, the committee of the states presented an address to the King of Wurtemberg, demanding "the liberty of the press; the free assemblies of the clubs, without the previous authorization of the police; and the arming of the citizens."

The King

recessed the committee most graciously, and next day a decree was published, declaring the censorship of the press abolished.

At a meeting of the states of the Grand Dachy of Hesse Darmstadt on the 4th March, the president read a letter from the Ministry, announcing that the Grand Duke has granted liberty of the press on the same footing as it now exists in the states of Baden, as well as the organization of the Civic Guard, the publicity of judicial proceedings, oral pleadings, trial by jury, and other reforms. On the same day the Duke of Nassau conceded the demands addressed to him; and liberty of the press was announced to the citizens of the free city of Frankfort in a proclamation issued by the burgmeister.

Deputations of six towns have presented

pentions to the King of Saxony demanding the liberty of the press, and notifications in the representative system. The King restored to note in erinary det for the March

On the ** Minh the Duke of Saze Cobarz Garia parished a procumton is with be promises is subjects a constomac. and visits the censorsi p.

In the 17th a deputation waited on the King of Hanover to enforce the charms of the people to various reforming. H's Majesty fer bearing several of its mem berk, werd time for consideration: but the delay was ejected to as altogether needles, and in half an hour the King's mpy was made known to them. This at doerment grants, first, freedom of the press - semnally, the Datentra and Piton debention of the states: thirdly, an amnesty for all political offences.

BAVARIA.

The King of Bararia has abdicated his throne, by patent dated the 20th of March. and his son the Crown Prince has been procisimed by the strie of Mariman the Second. The new monarch took the oaths on the 21st of March, and was present at the opening of the chambers on the following day.

ROME

Letters from Rome state that the Conimmediately. The new Roman Cabinet stitution, or Statuto, would be proclaimed tone, President and Minister of Foreign was composed as follows:-Cardinal AnAffairs; M. Gaetano Recchi, Minister of the Interior; M. Sturbinetti, of Justice; Marco Minghetti, of Public Works; Prince Monsignor Morichini, of Finance; M. Aldobrandini, of War; M. Galletti, of Police; Cardinal Mezze fanti, of Public Instruction; and Count Pasolini, of Com

merce.

SICILY.

Messina was bombarded by the royal Neapolitan troops, who held the citadel, on the 22nd, 23rd, and 24th Feb. The bonded store full of the property of the foreign merchants was set on fire. The loss is estimated at 400,0007. On the morning of the 26th the troops of the citadel made a sortie, deceived by a feigned retreat made on the part of the insurgents. They lost thirty-five men, and fifty were taken prisoners. A definitive arrangement has since been made between the Court of Naples and the Sicilians. The principal features are, that Sicily is to be governed by a resident Viceroy, assisted by three resident Ministers; that a Minister exclusively for the affairs of the island is to be accredited at les; that

the Parliament is to be independent of the Government at Naples; and that, in cases where a difference of opinion on any affair of magnitude arises between the Parliament of Naples and that of Sicily, Tuscany and Sardinia are appointed arbitrators, with a provision, in case they do not agree, that the Pope is to be sole and ultimate umpire. The first sitting of the new Parliament is to take place on the 25th of March.

LOMBARDY.

The Milanese, on hearing of the revolution at Vienna, sent a deputation to the governor, to demand the liberation of the political prisoners, and the institution of a national guard, promising, in case this was granted, not to molest the Austrian troops. On the refusal of the governor, the whole population took arms; and men, women, children, and clergymen, set about erecting barricades. The Hotel of the Police was carried by storm and burnt, and a Provisional Government installed under the presidency of the former Podesta Casati. At Brescia a similar movement broke out on the same day, and the insurgents made a prisoner of the Archduke Reinier. The entire province of Bergamo was in revolt. When the rising in Lombardy became known at Turin, King Charles Albert convoked a Cabinet Council to consider the expediency of marching an armed force to the assistance of the Milanese. On the 23rd the Piedmontese, led by the Duke of Genoa, entered Milan; when the Austrian troops retired, and fell back to Mantua.

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE..

The disastrous Caffre war is at length brought to a termination. On the 24th Dec. the whole of the Caffre chiefs assembled at King William's Town, where they were met by Sir H. Smith, who addressed the chiefs and upwards of 2,000 Kaffirs unarmed, and, having produced a staff and serjeant's halbert, he upbraided several

of the chiefs for their faithless conduct in the observances of their engagements, and then offered them their election of peace or war. The staves were emblematical of war and peace; they might choose which they pleased. The chiefs accepted the staff of peace, and on the 7th of January a second grand meeting took place for its ratification. All the chiefs of British Caffreland were present. His Excellency addressed the assembly in a speech adapted to the understanding of his auditors, wherein he exhorted them to live for the future in submission to Queen Victoria. He afterwards exacted an oath from all the chiefs to obey the laws and commands of the" Inkosi Inkulu " (the representative of the great Queen), to compel their people to do the same, to abolish witchcraft, to prevent the violation of women, to abhor and punish murder, to make their people honest and peaceable, to hold their lands from the Queen of England, and not as a matter of right, to abolish the sale and purchase of wives, to acknowledge the Queen of England and her representatives as supreme, and lastly, to bring to King William's Town, on the anniversary of this solemn occasion, one fat ox, in testimony and acknowledgement of the land held from Her Majesty Queen Victoria.

PERSIA.

The condition of Persia is most deplorable. The provinces, from one end to the other, are in a state of anarchy and rebellion; the government is powerless in consequence of its exhausted finances; and a mutinous soldiery, clamouring for arrears of pay, refuse to leave the capital for the purpose of putting down the rebels in the provinces. The reigning monarch is little better than a puppet in the hands of his minister, Hajee Meerza Aghasee, who has concentrated in his own person every function of the State, while, from his advanced age and utter deficiency of mental and physical energy, he is unable to discharge their multifarious duties.

When the Royal Family of France fled from Paris, they repaired to Dreux, and there determined, from motives of precaution, to separate. They have all since landed in England, with the exception of the Duchess of Orleans and her two sons, who arrived on the 2d of March at Ems in Prussia. The Duke of Nemours left instantly for Boulogne, and on board the steamer met his sister Clementine, with her husband the Duke Augustus of Saxe

Coburg, with whom he arrived in London on the evening of Sunday Feb. 27. They proceeded at once to the French embassy, where they were received by the Count de Jarnac. The Duke de Nemours was accompanied by his youngest daughter.

The ex-king of the French, LouisPhilippe, and his Queen, after having remained in concealment for some days, at Honfleur in Normandy, embarked from Havre on the evening of the 2d of March,