not suit him and he carried with him to England in March 1877 the seeds of the malady of which he died at his residence, Parkfield, Torquay, Devon, on 15th May 1878. He was buried at Torquay. He was twice married, firstly, in 1845, to Margaret, daughter of Welby Jackson, Esqre., of the Bengal Civil Service; she died in 1862; and secondly, in 1865, to Georgina, daughter of Trevor Chichele Plowden, Esqre., of the same service, who survived him. He left five sons and four daughters. CHAPTER V. SIR GEORGE CAMPBELL, M.P., K.C.S.I., D.C.L. 1871-74. UNDER the Roman Republic the high office of Consul was attained ordinarily as the climax of a regular succession of public services. The decursus honorum, i. e. the certus ordo magistratuum, as it was termed-the "ladder of promotion "-lay usually through the inferior offices of Questor, Ædile and Prætor to the Consulship. Similarly, as may have been observed, the first 4 Lieutenant-Governors had passed regularly through the appointments of Secretary to the Government of Bengal, Secretary to the Government of India, and Member of Council, to the charge of the province of Bengal. The via processus appeared to be laid down on fixed lines. Sir George Campbell's own observations (in 1872) on the dissolution of the system of succession which his nomination effected contain much that had been often said, and may be here quoted :— "It may, perhaps, also be permitted to the present LieutenantGovernor to observe, as some excuse for seeking to do some things not done by the distinguished men who preceded him, notwithstanding his extreme inferiority in natural and acquired gifts, and his entire want of that broad experience in the Secretariat and in the Government of India which they possessed, that some of them had had very little practice as executive officers, and were, perhaps, on that account less prepared to deal with executive details during the short term of Indian office than they otherwise might have been. It is only repeating too what is generally believed to observe that their action was said to be much hampered and retarded by an unfortunate difference of opinion on minor matters which seems to have very frequently occurred between the Governments of India and Bengal, and which does not seem to have been allayed by the presence in the Council of the Governor-General of a Bengal Civil Servant, who not unfrequently differed from the Lieutenant-Governor in office, to be differed from when he succeeded to the LieutenantGovernor's post." The selection of Sir George Campbell to be Lieutenant-Governor was therefore contrary to all precedent. Not only was he a Civi His appointment contrary to prece dent. Previous career. lian of the North-Western Provinces, but he had done no service in Bengal, except as a Judge of the High Court at Calcutta for 4 years. His previous executive career had been entirely in other parts of India. He was born in 1824, eldest son of the late Sir George Campbell, (elder brother of the first Lord Campbell, Lord Chancellor 1859-61), educated at the New Academy, Edinburgh, and at St. Andrews, appointed to the Bengal Civil Service from Haileybury in 1842, and, making the voyage round the Cape in a P. and O. Steamer, arrived in India on the 25th December 1842 he served in Rohilkund in the usual subordinate revenue and judicial appointments from 1843 to 1846; was in charge of several districts and political Divisions of the Cis-Sutlej States 1846-51, and was mentioned with special praise by Lord Dalhousie. While on furlough from 1851 to 1854 he was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1854, and became an Associate of the Court of Queen's Bench, and published Modern India" (dedicated to his uncle, then Lord Chief Justice of England) and "India as it may be." He married in 1854 while at home. He was Magistrate-Collector of Azimghur, 1854; Commissioner of Customs, North-Western Provinces, 1855; Commissioner of the Cis-Sutlej States, 1855-7: took an active part as Civil Commissioner in some events of the Mutiny and was present at several engagements: was Personal Assistant to Lord Canning, 1857-8: and judicial and financial Commissioner of Oudh, 1858. It was unusual promotion, such as would nowadays be impossible, that brought him from Oudh to be a Judge of the High Court, Calcutta, 1863-66. He was President of the Orissa Famine Commission, 1866-67, and Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces, 1867-8. While on furlough in 1868-70 he became a candidate for Dumbartonshire in the Liberal interest, but retired from his candidature before the general election: he then published his work on Irish Land Tenure, and was made a D. C. L. of the University of Oxford. His appointment to the Government of Bengal was, as he has himself recorded, a surprise. He was on furlough and, "failing anything that he cared for," on the eve of retirement. Late in the autumn of 1870, he received the offer of the LieutenantGovernorship from the Secretary of State, the Duke of Argyll, between whom and the Governor-General, Lord Mayo, the selection |