to wound the susceptibilities of a powerful party to the sovereign under whose orders they were by breaking away from old traditions. GILL, CHARLES, chairmaker, Southampton. Pet. Sept. 1. Reg. & O. A. Thorndike. Sol. Guy, Southampton. Sur. Sept. 18 GRIFFITHS, GRIFFITH, shoemaker, Llangwm. Pet. Sept. 1. Reg. & O. A. James. Sol. Hughes, Corwen. Sur. Sept. 22 HARRY, SAMUEL, engine driver, near Llantwit Station, Llantwitvardre. Reg. & O. A. Spickett. Sol. Simons, Merthyr Tydfil. Sur. Sept. 15 HIGNETT, WILLIAM ECCLES, Ormskirk. Pet. Aug. 14. O. A. Turner. Sur. Sept. 13 written, shall not be made public without the has made a liberal provision for his two daughters, sanction of the reigning sovereign. The testator Charlotte, wife of Col. Dudley Wilmot Carleton (Coldstream Guards), and Sophia, wife of the Hon. John S. Jocelyn, second son of the present Earl of Roden. His books and plate and his property are to be held as heirlooms by the JELLYMAN, CHARLES, beerhouse keeper, Wolverhampton. Pet. person beneficially entitled to the real estate. the residue of THE GAZETTES, Professional Partnership Dissolved. Gazette, Aug. 27. BARTHOLOMEW, WILLIAM, and BIGGS, CHARLES OLVIER, attor. neys and solicitors, Gray's-inn-pl, Gray's-inn. Aug. 26 Bankrupts. To surrender at the Bankrupts' Court, Basinghall-street. AITKIN. HERRY PAUL, working smith, Ely-pl, Kingsland-rd. BURGESS, ROBERT HENRY, collector, Angel-rd, Hammersmith. Pet. Aug. 30. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Cooke, Greshambdgs. Sur. Sept. 21 BURBIDGE, CHARLES, grocer, High-cross, Tottenham. Pet. Sept. Pet. 1. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Holmes, Fenchurch-st. GOULDING, MICHAEL, outfitter, Tickford-ter, Victoria-dock-rd. HUGHES, CHARLES HENRY, builder, Cologne - rd, and All Parkyns. Sols. Morris, Stone, Townson, and Morris, Finsburycircus. Sur. Sept. 14 WILLS AND BEQUESTS.-The will of Lord Justice Selwyn, P.C., LL.D., was proved in the London Court under 100,000l. personalty.- -The will of John Druce, Esq., solicitor, of 10, Billitersquare and Dulwich-common, was proved under 60,000l. The will of Richard William Jennings, Esq., proctor and notary, 18, Bennett's-hill, Doctors'-commons, was proved under 10,000l.The will of Ebenezer Ball Brown, Esq., money dealer, bill and discount broker, was proved under 50,0001.-The will of Mr. Garcia, fruit salesman, Centre-row, Covent-garden Market, was proved under 10,000l.-The will of Mr. Jesse Lee, meat salesman, Leadenhall-market and Forest-hill, was proved under 12,000l.-The will of Mr. Walter Smith, tanner, Bermondsey and Hemel Hempstead, was proved under 40,000l.The will of the Right Hon. Edward John, Baron Stanley of Alderley, P.C., was proved, in the London Court, on the 19th inst., under 70,000l. personalty. The will is dated Jan. 6, 1864. The testator has bequeathed his moneys, stocks, funds. and certain other securities, to his wife for her life, and afterwards to her children (except the eldest son), as she may appoint. He bequeaths to his relict, who was the daughter of the thirteenth Viscount Dillon, beyond the jointure under settlement, two annuities amounting to 1000l. a year; and to each of his younger children, in addition to any provision under settlement, a legacy of 3000, and an annuity of 2001. He bequeaths to his agent, Mr. Simpson, 2001., and to his butler, John Rose, 301. a-year. He leaves to his relict for her life the freehold premises in Dover-street, Piccadilly, and, after her decease, to his eldest son and his issue; and bequeaths all other his freeholds in like manner. The residue of his personal estate he leaves to his son, the present baron, absolutely. The will of Lieut.-Gen. Sir Robert Garrett, K.C.B., K.H., colonel of the 43rd Foot, of 40, Pall Mall, and Ellington, Isle of Thanet, was proved in London, under 25,000l. personalty, by his son, Alexander R. Garrett, Esq., and Lieut.col. John Williamson, his son-in-law. He leaves to his stepdaughter, Louisa Amelia Wilhelmina Williamson, a legacy of 10007.; to his brother, the Rev. Thomas Garrett, 10001.; to his executors, 1001. each; and to his said son Alexander a legacy of 10004., and leaves him his real estate and the residue of his personal estate, and to his children, as his said son may appoint.-The will of Sir Charles Hay Seton, Bart., of Abercorn, Linlithgow, was proved, in London, under 60,000l. by his only son and successor, Sir Bruce Maxwell Seton, Bart.The will and two codicils of Mrs. Sophia NOWELL, EDWARD, attorney's clerk, Marylebone-rd. Deacon, late of Mabledon, near Tonbridge, widow, deceased, were proved in the Court of Probate on the 20th ult. The effects are sworn under 140,000l. -The will of the late Mr. Daniel Meinertzhagen, of Wimbledon, was proved, at London, by his brothers-in-law, Mr. G. S. Walters and Mr. Alfred Castellain, two of the executors. The will is dated in 1858, and the personalty in England is sworn under 140,000l.-The wills of the undermentioned have just been proved, viz. :-Thomas Bottrill, Esq. (London Court), under 20,000l.; he has left charitable bequests to several schools belonging to the Church of England; Robert Heywood, Esq. (Manchester), under 140,000l.; John Firth, Esq., Wakefield, under 140,000l.; William Moore, Esq. (Staffordshire), under 70,0001.Irish probate of the will of the Right Hon. Arthur James Plunkett, Earl of Fingal, K.P., P.C., of Killeen Castle, Meath, Ireland, and of ABRAHAM, FREDERICK, commercial traveller, Southampton. Pet. Woolhampton Lodge, Berks, was sealed in Her Majesty's Court of Probate, in London on the 14th alt, the personalty being sworn under 70,000l. His Lordship died on April 21 last, at his London residence, 47, Montague-square, aged seventyeight, leaving five sons and one daughter. The will of the Right Hon. Sir John Cam Hobhouse, Baron Broughton, G.C.B., P.C., F.R.S., of Broughton Gifford, Wiltshire, and 42, Berkeley-square, was proved in London on the 29th ult., and the personalty sworn under 250,000l. The executors are the Right Hon. William Nathaniel Massey, one of the members of the Supreme Council of India, Henry Danby Seymour, Esq., and William Phelps, Esq, solicitor, London. To Mr. Massey he leaves 5001.; Mr. Seymour and Mr. Phelps, each 2007.; and to Mr. Phelps a further legacy of 30007. The will bears date April 11, 1865; a codicil July 28, following; and a second codicil Jan. 28, 1867. His lordship died June 3 last, aged eighty-three, without male issue; and the barony becomes extinct. He is succeeded in the baronetcy by his nephew, now Sir Charles Parry Hobhouse, Bart. His Lordship had held many Ministerial appointments. He has by his will directed that his diaries, manuscripts, correspondence, and other papers, both official and private, may be delivered to the trustees of the British Museum, to be kept without examination until the year 1900, when, if desirable, they may be published; and, by a codicil, he desires that such as relate to the business of the State, and more particularly JAMES, JOHN, clerk in Inland Revenue Department. Tiviot-st, Poplar. Pet. Aug. 30. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parky ns. Sol. Wood, Basinghall-st, Sur. Sept. 16 KEEBLE, EDWIN, printer, Oliff-pl, Camden-town. Pet. Sept. 1. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Smith, Serjeant's-inn. Sur. Sept. 17 LAWRENCE, DAVID WILLIAM, tobacconist, Church-st, Kensing. ton. Pet. Aug. 28. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Lawrence, Lincoln's-inn-fields. Sur. Sept. 16 MERGIN, WILLIAM, messenger to a jeweller, Castle-st, Holborn. NODDLE, THOMAS, fishmonger, Lamb's Conduit-passage, Red- RICHARDS, WILLIAM, Coach smith, Northumberland mews, TICKNER, EBENEZER, grocer, Crescent-rd, Plumstead. Pet. Aug. 13. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Buchanan. Basinghall-st. Sur. Sept. 16 TYRRELL, PETER, dealer in preserved provisions and confec To surrender in the Country. Aug. 28. Reg. & O. A. Thorndike. Sol. Kilby, Southampton. Sur. Sept. 18 ALLEN, GEORGE LININGTON, licensed victualler, Poole. Pet. Aug. 30. Reg. & O. A. Dickinson. Sol. Barker. Sur. Sept. 14 ANKERS, GEORGE HENRY, bookkeeper, Everton, near Liverpool. Pet. Aug. 27. Reg. & O. A. Hime. Sol. Parker, Liverpool. Sur. Sept. 18 BADMAN, JOHN, merchant, Bradford. Pet. Aug. 21. Reg. & O. A. Robinson. Sol. Berry, Bradford. Sur. Sept. 21 Sur. BATE, JAMES, journeyman machinist, Birmingham. Pet. Aug. Young. Sol. Norris, St. Leonard's-on-Sea. Sur. Sept. 17 BLUNSOM, THOMAS FREDERIC, hosier, Dudley. Pet. Aug. 31. Reg. & O. A. Walker. Sol. Lowe, Dudley. Sur. Sept. 17 BONEHILL, WILLIAM, journeyman photographer, Birmingham. Pet. Aug. 30. Reg. & O. A. Guest. Sol. Fallows, Birmingham. Sur. Sept. 17 BRADFORD, CHARLES, machinist, Nottingham. Pet. Aug. 25. Reg. & O. A. Patchitt. Sol. Belk, Nottingham. Sur. Oct. 6 BROWN, JAMES WEBSTER, cabinet maker, Liverpool. Pet. Aug. 31. O. A. Turner. Sols. Messrs. Forster, Liverpool. Sur. Sept. 14 BUCHANAN, FREDERICK, engineer, Ashton-under-Lyne. Pet. Aug. 23. Reg. Fardell. O. A. McNeill. Sols. Sale, Shipman, Seddon, and Sale, Manchester. Sur. Sept. 13 BUTTERFIELD, JOHN, merchant, Manchester. Pet. Sept. 1. Reg. Macrae. O. A. MoNeill. Sol. Leigh, Manchester. Sur. Sept. 16 CARTER, ANN, widow, formerly victualler, Liverpool. Pet. Aug. 27. Reg. & O. A. Hime. Sol. Blackhurst, Liverpool. Sept. 18 Sur. CLERK, CHARLES, builder, Lower Barton-st, near Gloucester. Pet. Aug. 31. Reg. & O. A. Wilton. Sol. Coren, Gloucester. Sur. Sept. 18 COTTRILL, JAMES HENRY, out of business, Oldham. Pet. Sept. 1. Reg. & O. A. Hulton. Sol. Gardner, Manchester. Sur. Sept. 18 CROLEY, JOHN, boot maker, Warrington. Pet. Aug. 30. Reg. & JACKSON, JOHN, yeoman, Leece, near Ulverston. Pet. Aug. 31. Reg. Fardell. O. A. McNeill. Sols. Messrs. Sharp, Lancaster, and Sale, Shipman, Seddon, & Sale, Manchester. Sur. Sept. 29 Sept. 1. Reg. & O. A. Brown. Sol. Turner, Wolverhampton. Sur. Sept. 15 JOHNSON, HENRY, and JOHNSON, THOMAS, cotton spinners, JOHNSON, STEPHEN, cotton dealer, Liverpool. Pet. Aug. 31. KER, STEWART, general merchant, Liverpool and Birkenhead. 14 LAMB, WILLIAM, tailor, West Gorton. Pet. Aug. 13. Reg. & MOORE, EDWIN, cordwainer, Taunton. Pet. Aug. 31. Reg. & OWEN, ROBERT, plasterer, Llandudno. Pet. Aug. 27. Reg. & REGAN, MARTIN, tailor, Liverpool. Pet. Aug. 30. Reg. & O. A. SHAW, THEODORE, bill poster, Hulme. Pet. Sept. 1. Reg. & STEWART, WILLIAM, travelling draper, Newcastle-under-Lyme. Pet. Sept. 1. Reg. Hill. O. A. Kinnear. Sols. Dutton, Newcastle, and Messrs. Hodgson, Birmingham. Sur. Sept. 15 STREET, JOHN WILLIAM, carpenter, Bournemouth. Pet. Aug. 30. Reg. & O. A. Druitt. Sol. Sharp, Christchurch. Sur. Sept. 16 TOLLEY, SAMUEL, boot maker, Chasewater. Pet. Aug. 28. Reg. & O. A. Chilcott. Sols. Carlyon & Paull, Truro. Sur. Sept. 15 TUCKER, JOHN, lithographic printer, Exeter. Pet. Aug. 27. O. A. Carrick. Sol. Friend, Exeter. Sur. Sept. 13 WALSH, JOHN, colliery insurance agent, Swansea. Pet. Aug 30. Reg. Wilde. O. A. Acraman. Sols. Press & Inskip, Bristol. Sur. Sept. 13 WEBB, JOHN, boot maker, Rugby. Pet. Aug. 27. Reg. & O. A. Hubba d. Sol. Overell, Leamington. Sur. Sept. 14 WHITEHEAD, THOMAS, cattle jobber, Peterborough. Pet. Aug. To surrender at the Bankrupts' Court, Bas hall-street. AUSTIN, JOSIAH, licensed victualler, the Bell, Doctors'-commons Pet. Aug. 30. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Perry, Guildhall-chmbs. Sur. Sept. 21 BALLADUR, WILLIAM, merchant, Walbrook, and Regina-rd, BROUGHTON, WILLIAM, bricklayer, Preston cottages, Sutton. CHARLTON, CHARLES HENRY, attorney-at-law, Farringdon-st, and Waterloo-rd. Pet. Sept. 4. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Watson, Basinghall-st. Sur. Sept. 21 COUZINS, GEORGE, builder, Marion-ter, West Dulwich. Pet. GEACH, PHILLIS, widow, boarding-house keeper, Claverton-st, PICTET, FRANCIS, printer, Fleet-st, and Wilderness lane. Pet. SIMMONS, THOMAS, general dealer, New-st, Kennington, and Relcross-st, Southwark. Pet. Sept. 3. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkys. Sol. Charlton, Waterloo-rd, Lambeth. Sur. Sept. 17 STURMAN, GEORGE, tobacconist, Church-row, Islington. Pet. Sept. 1. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Steadman, Londonwall. Sur. Sept. 17 Sols. VERKRUZEN, HENRY ANDREAS, out of business, Lincoln-ter, WARD, JOHN PAGE, clerk, City-rd. Pet. Sept. 2. Reg. Pepys. To surrender in the Country. BATEMAN, HENRY DOPPING, produce dealer, Liverpool. Pet. May 14. Reg. & O. A. Hime. Sols. Harris and Culshaw, Liverpool. Sur. Sept. 21 BAYLEY, JAMES, out of business, Tipton. Pet. Sept. 3. O. A COURT, ROBERT, licensed victualler, Liverpool. Pet. Jan. 17. COX, GEORGE WALTER, grocer, Kirkdale, near Liverpool. Pet. Sur. Pet. Sept. 3. Reg. Tudor. O. A. Kinnear. Sols. Stevenson, Burtonon-Trent, and Messrs. Hodgson, Birmingham. Sur. Sept. 24 CROCKER, JOHN FRANCIS, builder, Plymouth. Pet. Sept. 6. O. A. Carrick. Sols. Messrs. Edmonds, Plymouth, and Floud, Exeter. Sur. Sept. 18 DIXON, JEREMIAH, draper, Salford. Pet. Aug. 13. Reg. Fardell. O. A. McNeill. Sur. Sept. 21 DUNKLEY, JOHN BALKWILL, saddler, Exeter. Pet. Sept. 3. Reg. & O. A. Daw. Sol. Fryer, Exeter. Sur. Sept. 18 FERGUSON, JOHN LAMONT, builder, Sunderland. Pet. Sept. 1. FLETCHER, JAMES, bookkeeper, Bradford. Pet. Sept. 1. Reg. & HOLLOW, JOHN, tin dresser, Nanceddan. Pet. Sept. 2. Reg. & Reg. & O. A. JONES, JOHN, carpenter, Beulah. Pet. Sept. 3. KITSON, LUKE, colliery proprietor, Kirkheaton. Pet. Sept 4. LEEK, MATTHEW, builder, Claines, Pet. PRATTENT, WALTER FARMER, accountant, Plymouth. REVELL EMMA, shoe dealer, Sheffield. Pet. Sept. 1. O. A. Sept. 21 SYKES, GEORGE, greengrocer, Tranmere. Pet. Sept. 3. Reg. & KING, JOHN, saddler, Ballingdon. Feb. 26, 1867 Dividends. BANKRUPTS' ESTATES. The Official Assignees are given, to whom apply for the Dividends. Barfoot, F.D. coal merchant, first 10d. Acraman, Bristol.-Bonner, T. Bristol, first 2. 7d. Acraman, Bristol.-Breeze, J. farmer, first 48. 9. Acraman, Bristol.-Davis, W. victualler, first 28. 3d. Acraman, Bristol.-Fxuns, W. L. chemist, first 18. 4. Acraman, Bristol. Hair, W. P. shoemaker, first 1s. Acraman, Bristol.-Ineke, J. J. brush manufacturer, first 2s. 3d. Acraman, Bristol.-Milner, C. farmer, first 25. 3d. Acraman, Bristol.-Phillips, A. Ystrad, first 18. Ojd. Acraman, Bristol.-Phillips, M. wine merchant, first sep. Acraman. Bristol.--Phillips, W. M. wine merchant, first Acraman, Bristol.-Price, J. builder, first 28. 8d. Acraman, Bristol.-Rowles, W. fitter, first 1s. Acraman, Bristol 68.42d. sep. 208. Assignment, Composition, Juspectorship, and ACKERMAN, THOMAS PROVIS, draper, New cut, Lambeth. Aug. 31. 58. by two equal instalments at 3 and 6 mos, from Aug. 1,secured ALDRIDGE, MARK REUBEN, grocer, Manchester. July 19. Trust. C. Morris, tea merchant, Manchester ARNOTT, SAMUEL, brace manufacturer, Alsen-rd, Seven Sisters'rd, Holloway. Aug. 19. 78. Gd. by two equal instalments at 2 and 4 mos,-secured. Trust. F. Coker, accountant, Cheapside AYLWARD, THOMAS JOHN, brewer, Hastings. Aug. 9. Trusts. J. T. Dickie, brewer, Stratford-on-Avon, and J. Howell, builder, Hastings BEAZLEY, JOHN, fishmonger, Holloway-ter, Upper Holloway. Aug. 4. Trust. J. McLennan, chronometer maker, Park-pl, Highbury-vale BERRY, THOMAS, brewer, Burton-on-Trent (trading as Clements and Berry.) Aug. 6. 28. by four equal instalments. Trusts. G. Berry, gentleman, Huddersfield; A. Chartres, engineer, Derby; and W. Clements, distiller, Birmingham BLAKE, ALFRED MOXLEY, and CUTLAN, FREDERICK, builders, Cardiff. July 27. Trust. W. Alexander, timber merchant, Cardiff BOTHAMLEY, HENRY, and PALMER GEORGE HENRY, stuff merchants, Bread-st, Cheapside, and Bradford. Aug. 3. 78. by instalments of 2s. 7., 3., and 18 9., in 7 days, 2 and 4 mos BUNNING, WILLIAM, draper, Oundle. Aug. 5. Trusts. H. Appleton, Cheapside, and S. Walkden, Lawrence-la, warehousemen CASWELL, CHARLES, pork butcher, Theobald's-rd, Red Lion-sq. Sept. 1. 1s, in 2 mos wood CAVITT, THOMAS EMMERTON, wholesale ironmonger, Hatton-gd. DUCKETT, GODFREY LLOYD, victualler, Liverpool. Sept. 1. 2s. 6d. on March 1 ELLIS, MARK, cloth manufacturer, Osset. Aug. 3. 4. by two equal instalments in 3 and 6 mos ELSTRUB, JONAS, KITSON, REUBEN, and ELSTRUB, JOSIAH, woollen manufacturers, Ratley. July 15. 58. by three equal instalments, of 18, 8d. in 3, 6, and 9 mos from July 7,-secured ESTILL, FREDERIC CHARLES, general merchant, Liverpool. Aug 27. Trust. J. C. Houghton, fruit and provision broker, Liverpool FARE, DANIEL, spirit merchant, Preston July 20. In full in 12. mos. Inspectors-A. Robinson, bookkeeper, Leeds; and W. F. Moore, accountant, Preston FENNEY, HENRY JAMES, grocer, Frederick-st, Limehouse. Aug, 17. 3s. in 14 days FLEETCROFT, JOHN FREDERICK, innkeeper, Wrexham. July 27. 68, on Aug. 1869 FRANKLIN, JAMES, gentleman, Alexandra-rd, St. John's-wood and Warwick st. Sept. 1. Is. in 12 mos GARDINER, EDMUND THOMAS, cotton spinner, Preston. July 31. Trust. J. C. Stead, accountant, Liverpool, J. Clayton, machinst, and J. Yates, mill manager, both Preston GARDINER, GEORGE, and GARDINER, SAMUEL, grocers, Bristol and Cardiff. July 14. Trusts. W. Clark, cheese factor, Bristol; and D. Stanton, jun., Bristol HAMPSON, JOHN, and HAMPSON, DAVID, earthenware manufacturers, Longton. July 26. Trusts. J. Aynsley, china manufacturer, Longton, and O. Lodge, commission agent, Hanley HEMINGWAY, EDWARD, draper, Sheffield. Aug. 4. 88. by three instalments, 3s. on Oct. 4, 3. on Dec. 4, and 2s. on Feb. 4. Trust. B. Wolfenden, draper, Sheffield HENDERSON, GEORGE WILLIAM, silver plater, Sheffield. Aug. 3. HILLER, JOHN FREDERICK, grocer, Ramsgate. Aug. 9. Trust. KNIGHT, JOHN, builder, Croydon. Aug. 24. 78. G.-28. Gel, 10 Aug. 5. MARSHALL, GEORGE JOSEPH, grocer, Clapham-rd. Aug. 27. 78. Gd. Aug. 4. T: usts. G. Scorah, timber merchant, D. H. Q. Coupe, coal merchant, and C. Lenthall, cornfactor, all of Sheffield Aug. 6. 58. by two PENNINGTON, JOHN, cotton spinner, Colne. equal instalments in 14 days and 4 mos. Trust. J. Mellor, cotton spinner, Bolton-le-Moors PORTMAN, WYNDHAM BERKELEY, jun., club proprietor, Albemarle-st. Aug. 21. 5s in 7 days 58. by two PRITCHARD, JAMES, draper, Droitwich. Aug. 18. equal instalments at 5 weeks and 5 mos-secured RAWKINS, JAMES, hosier, Holborn-hill. July 23. 5e, by three equal instalments, at 3 6 and 9 mos from July 10, and 58. in 12 mos ROBERTS, GEORGE, and WOULDHAVE, JOHN HENRY, cabinet makers, Leeds. Aug. 16. Trust. J. Routh, accountant, Leeds. Sol. Tempest, Leeds SAUNDERS, HENRY, builder, Barnes. Aug. 31. In full by instalments. Trusts. R. H. Pearson, ironmonger, High-st, Nottinghill, and S. Tildesley, brick merchant, Irongate-wharf, Paddington SHANKLAND, ROBERT, draper, Liverpool. Aug. 24. 3s. by four instalments, on Feb. 24, Aug. 24 1870, Feb. 24, and Aug. 24 1871,secured TAPPENDEN, EDWARD, and TAPPENDEN, JOHN, corn merchants, Spa-rd, Bermondsey. Aug. 6. Trust. H. Rathbone, corn merchant, Stone's-end, Southwark TINGEY, HENRY, laceman, Sandy. July 27. 5s. by equal instal. ments at 3 and 6 mos,-secured. Trust. F. Gell, spinster, Sandy WEEKS, SAMUEL, grocer, Cardiff. Aug. 6. 10s. by four instalments of 2s. 6d. in 2, 4, 6, and 8 mos from Aug. 2,-secured. Trust. T. Venning, locomotive engineer, Cardiff Gazette, Sept. 7. ABBEY, ALFRED, oilman, Kensal-rd, Kensal green. Aug. 19. 2s. 6d on Sept. 17 ADAMS, WILLIAM, timber merchant, Lancaster-rd, and Portobello rd, Notting-hill. Aug. 16. 68, in 14 days ALDER, RALPH, grocer, Withington Quay. Aug. 11. 28., 28., and 1s. in 1, 4, and 6 mos. Trusts. J. Montgomery, storekeeper, Willington-quay; and W. Pruddah, agent, Newcastle-upon Tyne ASTON, ALFRED, ironmonger, Birmingham. Aug. 11. 15s. on Sept. 27. Trust. W. L. Webb, tin plate worker, Edgbaston BARBER, GEORGE FREDERICK, warehouseman, Watling-st, and Sydenham. Sept. 4. 2s. 6d, on Oct. 4 BAREHAM, SAMUEL, builder, Blechynden-st, Notting-hill. Aug. 26. 68., 28. Gr, in 14 days, and 3s. 6d. in 3 mos,-last secured BOWMAN, ISAAC, mantle maker, Manchester. Aug. 9. Trusts. J. Lambert, woollen merchant, Leeds, and P. Gillibrand, merchant, Manchant BROWN, THOMAS BLAKEMAN, schoolmaster, Welchpool. July 30. 28. Gl. on execution of deed CALVERT, JOHN HENRY, chemist, Kingston-upon-Hull. July 29. 58. on Aug. 1 CARNEGY, HENRY OGILVY, and DAVIDSON, DAVID WILLIAM, commission merchants, Liverpool. Sept. 2. Trusts. A. Crosfield, chemical manufacturer, and H. W. Banner, public accountant, both Liverpool CASWELL, CHARLES, licensed victualler, Dudley. Sept. 4. 6s. 8d. in 7 days CHINERY. DAVID, merchant, St. Mary Axe, and Willesden. Aug. 7. 6d. in 1 mo CLARK, THOMAS, artesian well engineer, Gray's-inn-sq. Aug. 7. Trust. S. Owens, engineer, Whitefriars CLEGG, ROBERT, inanager to the Prudent United Assurance Company King William-st, and Rounton-rd, Bow. Aug. 24. 18. in 3 mos COLE, WILLIAM, and HINDHAUGH, MATTHEWS, builders, Sunderland. Aug. 16. Trusts. W. Robson, timber merchant, and G. Reah, builder, both Sunderland, and R. Lambert, agent, Newcastle-upon-Tyne COOPER, JOHN, blacksmith, Mexbrough. Aug. 6. Trust. G. Shaw, ironfounder, Swinton DAVIS, GEORGE, boot manufacturer, Charles-st, Hackney.rd. DORRETT, ANTHONY, auctioneer, Rochester. Aug. 19. 78. 6d. by FEATONBY, MARGARET ISABELLA, widow, provision dealer, Consett. Aug. 3. Trusts. T. C. Temperly, agent, Newcastle-uponTye; J. Greener, public accountant, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; and J. Potts, spirit merchant. Gateshead FRANCIS, EDWARD JOHN, builder, Foot's Cray. Aug. 17. 5. in 14 days GARLICK, WILLIAM, warehouseman's assistant, Great Ormond-st, Queen's-sq. Sept. 4. 58. by two equal instalments in 3 and 6 GROVES, JOHN JAMES, corn factor, Mark-la, and Corn Exchange. Aug. 12. 2s. 6d. In 28 days mos GUY, GEORGE, and GUY, HENRY, ironmongers, Great Malvern. Aug. 13. Trusts. C. Fendelow, merchant, Wolverhampton, and A. Brown, bank manager, Great Malvern HALLY, JOHN, nurseryman, Lee. Aug. 25. 28. by two equal in- HAWGOOD, CHARLES SAMUEL, clothier, Notting-hill. Aug. 9. Aug. 12. 3. in HOLMES, ANNE, widow, Dieppe, France. July 26. 10s, by three KENYON, WILLIAM, CONNOR, PATRICK, GREENWOOD, PAUL, and MILLS, THOMAS, hosiery manufacturer, Charles-st, Leicester-sq. Aug. 30. 58. 6d. by two instalments, 2s. 6d. and 3s. in 3 and 6 mos -secured MONCKTON, AMBROSE GIBBONS, hop planter, Yalding. Aug. 2 Trusts. G. O. Thirkell, hop planter, Leeds; T. Manwaring, hop planter, Marlplace, Brenchley; and S. Dann, wheelwright, Brenchley MORRIS, ROBERT, tailor, Hulme. Aug. 9. Trust. G. Redihalgh, merchant, Leeds MOORE, ROBERT BENDLE, attorney-at-law, Birkenhead and Liverpool. Aug. 26. Trusts. H. Fisher, builder, Birkenhead; and J. Walker, painter, Birkenhead NORRIS. ANNABELLA, spinster, schoolmistress, Brighton. Aug.24 Trust. G. Wakeling, librarian, Brighton NORTHEND, HENRY ETHELRED, printer, Newby-st, Bowling Old-la, and Bradford. Aug. 20. Trust. J. Greenough, warehouseman, Wibsey, near Bradford PRICE, WILLIAM, grocer, Stockton. Aug. 10. Trusts. T. Braithwaite, L. Dodshon, and J. P. Reed, wholesale grocers, all Stockton QUARTLEY, HENRY JOHN, clerk in holy orders, Ampleforth. Sept. 2. 58. on Sept. 1, 1870 RICHMOND, RICHARD IBBITSON, currier, Leeds. Aug. 6. 10. by instalments of 1s. 6., 1. 10., 38. 4., and 3s. 4d; first in cash, second, third, and fourth, in 3, 6, and 9 mos from June 16, -fourth secured. Trusts. W. Wildman, printer, Settle; W. P. Mundy, currier, Bermondsey; and B. Nicholson, accountant, Gresham-st ROBERTS, WILLIAM, engineer, West Ferry-rd, Millwall. Aug. 12. 10s. in 2 years, Trusts. J. Hunter, leather merchant, Rocking ham-st, Newington-causeway: J. Casey, engineer, Philpot-la; and W. Walker, timber merchant, Millwall ROBINSON, ELIJAH, joiner, Leeds. Aug. 12. 4s. 6d. on Oct. 21. Trust. J. Robinson, engine tenter, Churwell, near Leeds ROBSON, CHARLES OSWALD, builder, New Ormond st, Lamb's Conduit-st. June 23. Trusts. M. C. W. Horne, surveyor, Guild. ford-st; J. W. Bird, marble merchant, Euston-rd; and J. Baren. ger, glass merchant, Hampstead-rd SHEARD, GEORGE, wheelwright, Leeds. Aug. 10. Trusts. T. Kirkby, jun., iron merchant, and W. Pratt, timber merchant, both Leeds SKEENE, JOHN PEART, innkeeper, Stockton. July 27. 15, 10s. on registration, 2s. 6d. on Sept. 27, and 2s. 6d. on Jan. 27, next Trusts. C. Trotter, esquire, and J. Dodds, esquire, M.P., both Stockton SNUGGS, EVERETT AUSTIN, ironmonger, New Windsor. Ang. 7 Trusts. C. Burkitt, tinplate worker, Southwark-bridge-rd, and J. Webb, butcher, New Windsor VAN PRAAGH, BENJAMIN, and VAN PRAAGH, JOSEPH, diamond merchants, Bloomsbury-sq. July 13. Trust. J. Jonas, wholesale jeweller, Ely-pl, Holborn WALKINGTON, GEORGE, grocer, Dewsbury. Aug. 20. Gs. by instalments of 2s. 6d., 28. 6d., and 1s,, on Oct. 11, Dec. 11, and Jan. 11,secured. Trust. H. Rivett, hosier, Hull WARD, JOSIAH, carpenter, West-st, Soho. Sept. 2. 18. in 6 mos, from registration WINKLEY, THOMAS, grocer, Pendleton. ERRATUM. July 27. Trust R. Aug. 12. Trusts. J. Tuck, metal merchant, Newington causeway, T. Cox, corn mer chant, Lambeth-wa k, E. Dalley (not Dudley as previously advertised), ironmonger, Wokingham, and W. Bourne, timber merchant, Reading BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. MARRIAGES. HEAD-CRAIG. On the 1st inst., at Aghanloe, county Derry, John Merrick Head, of Reigate, solicitor, to Annabella Elizabeth Craig, only daughter of the Rev. George Craig, A.M., rector of Aghanloe. KENNEDY-BRUCE.-On the 2nd ult., at St. Ann's, Jamaica, Arthur Herbert William Kennedy, to Laura Elizabeth Anabel Walrond Bruce, eldest daughter of Mr. Justice Downing Bruce, of St. Ann's, and of Lincoln's-inn, barrister-at-law. THOMAS-WRIGHT. On the 31st ult., at St. Paul's, Camdensquare, Edmund Thomas, of the Middle Temple, barrister-atlaw, second son of the late Ralph Thomas, serjeant-at-law, to Rebecca, only surviving daughter of the late Charles Wright, Holloway, and stepdaughter of Samuel Crews, No. 29, Camdenroad. DEATHS. ABBOTT.-On the 18th July, at Rangoon, aged 47, William Henry Abbott, Esq., solicitor, Calcutta, Ecclesiastical Registrar of that Diocese. HARWOOD-On the 2nd inst., at Folkestone, aged 74, Mrs. Anne Harwood widow of Charles Harwood, Esq., deceased, late Judge of the County Courts of East Kent. PARKER. On the 31st ult, at Sharrow Mount, Mary Caroline, wife of Arnold Parker, solicitor, Sheffield. WARNER. On the 2nd inst., at Wimborne Minster, aged 80, Eliza Jane, widow of Ashton Warner, late Chief Justice of the Island of Trinidad, West Indies. 83 MONTGOMERY r. CAMERON Practice-Pro confesso-Requisite forms Be CROCKFORD'S ESTATE Railway company-Payment into court-Will.. V. C. JAMES'S COURT. 83 85 R THE EAST AND WEST JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY- Domicil-Animus manendi-Length of residence previous to decease COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH. REG. . THE WALLASEY LOCAL BOARD OF HEALTH Public Health Act-Compensation-Premises injuriously affected. 87 90 To Readers and Correspondents. INQUIRER. No honours are given at the intermediate. It is merely a pass. to corrupt one-third of the entire constituency. And Baron Martin's conclusion was, of course, inevitable. "When," he said, "I find the actual bribers, the persons who paid this money, active All anonymous communications are invariably rejected. in support of the two candidates, and going All communications must be authenticated by the name about with them in their canvass; when I find and address of the writer, not necessarily for publica-bribes four times as much as the ordinary bribe, tion, but as a guarantee of good faith. PATERSON'S STATUTES.t possibly draw from these facts? The conclusion, SESSION (1889) is in the press. N.B.--This Pocket Edition of all the Statutes required for practical use in Courts and Offices has been issued regularly for the last twenty years. It contains Explanatory Notes and a copious Index, by W. PATERSON, Esq., Barrister-atLaw. It will be forwarded by post on the day of publication to any person sending a Post-office Order for 10s. to the Law TIMES Office. THE COUNTY COURTS CHRONICLE, COUNTY COURTS CHRONICLE, Admiralty Jurisdiction. It will do the like with the new Bankruptcy Jurisdiction, in addition to the Reports of County Courts Law, and all other information useful to practitioners in the County Courts. Price 18. Gd. Office; 10, Wellington-street, Strand. THE Law and the Lawyers. THE registrations have commenced and are throwing additional light on the operation of the Act of 1867, particularly as to lodgers. It is quite necessary that all the forms provided by the Act of Parliament should be complied with. It was objected at Marylebone on Thursday that if personal attendance were enforced the lodger franchise would in most cases turn out a farce. The barrister said that experience must have shown anyone acquainted with what took place at the registrations last year that the parties who made claims by means of declaration in many cases had moved from room to room within the twelvemonth; but he believed that in making their claims they thought they were qualified. Clearly, personal attendance cannot be dispensed with, and it is equally clear, conse363 quently, that lodgers will to a very large extent remain unenfranchised. 91 363 383 363 365 365 365 366 367 368 368 Legal Customs in England and America Personal Disfranchisement Insurance against Accidents. City of London Court. Barristers and Attorneys.. ELECTION LAW— Registration Courts 369 MUNICIPAL AND PARLIAMENTARY THIS is an appropriate time at which to review the present law as it affects our electoral system. The law, indeed, as regards the statute-book, 369 remains the same, but the Judges have thrown a great deal of light upon the mode of con360 struing statutes, and upon the general effect of 370 corrupt practices upon candidates and voters. 370 In pursuing our investigation into the judicial 370 decisions we will notice in what way the Select Committee on Elections propose to deal with the 370 subject of the amendment of our electoral system, and see to what extent their conclusions are consistent with the views of the Judges. MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS. 372 We will deal first with municipal elections, 372 which undoubtedly are very frequently at the root of corruption at Parliamentary elections. There were two or three cases in which municipal cor374 ruption came forward very conspicuously as 374 affecting borough elections; and in one instance the practices at a municipal contest were held to 375 invalidate the election for the borough. It is not very often, however, that the circumstances are such as to connect a municipal with a Parliamentary election; but it is desirable that it should be well understood what those circumstances are. As a first example we will take the case of Beverley (20 L. T. Rep. N. S. 792), where all that related to the municipal as linked with the Parliamentary election is stated by the Judge. He pointed out that it was known in the summer that the general election would take place as soon as the register was completed, which would be about the time of the municipal elections. Then it was proved that agents of Advertisements must reach the office not later than the sitting members had bribed at the municipal five o'clock on Thursday afternoon. 377 378 Four lines or thirty words..................... 3s. 6d Every additional ten words Os. 6d. Advertisements specially ordered for the first page are charged one-fourth more than the above scale. as it seems to me, is inevitable, that it was spent for the purpose of influencing the borough election as well as the municipal one." To take a second example, Mr. Justice Willes in the Blackburn petition, 20 L. T. Rep. N. S. 823, laid down a distinct rule on the subject--the rule that if a municipal contest is merely personal, and not political, there must be very clear evidence indeed to connect corrupt practices at the one with the result arrived at in the other. Reviewing the evidence his Lordship said, "If it were made out upon this evidence that the municipal contest was merely personal, and not political; if, for instance, the municipal contest had taken place three months before, as it was put, and the question was, whether some Act of Parliament should be adopted for the government of the borough, or whether some rate should be imposed as to which both Tories and Liberals were divided, it had been really a local question, or even if it had been a question only of whether some quiet people who were very much liked and admired, and thought well of as men of sense and benevolence should be elected, or whether some stirring politicians, having nothing else to recommend them, were to be put in the place of town councillor or other municipal office, I should have thought that would have divided the municipal election from the Parliamentary, and that no notice ought to be taken in reference to the Parliamentary election, of what was done with respect to the municipal election; and I should say the same if such a municipal election had taken place three days before, instead of a fortnight before the Parliamentary election." Therefore it would appear that there must be a political element in a municipal election in order that illegal acts done at that election may be brought to bear effectually upon the Parliamentary election. Then as to the evidence in the Blackburn case. The municipal contest in Blackburn was shown to be political, although personal interests were allowed to have had something to do with it. The political colours of the Parliamentary election were identical with those used at the municipal election. Further, a circular was addressed by partisans of the respondents to the petition to the overlookers, managers, and tradesmen in the month of October, which combined the municipal and Parliamentary elections; and the learned Judge came to the conclusion that the municipal contest was made a sort of skirmish before the great battle of the Parliamentary election, and consequently that illegal acts done at the former affected the latter. Before proceeding to another branch of the subject, we will here notice the conclusions arrived at by the Select Committee on Elections upon the evidence called before them. In the draft report prepared by the chairman, it is stated to be proved that in many boroughs in England and Ireland great corruption prevails; that in some boroughs a considerable class of voters will not vote unless they are paid. Treating, it is found, is also practised at municipal elections to a great extent; and "more frequently the election is accompanied by an amount of drunkenness which is described as demoralising the towns." Rioting is found to have taken place in some towns, but intimidation is not shown to exist in the case of individual voters. And whilst it is said that unscrupulous partisans find the municipal election safer ground on which to "build up a corrupt influence among the lower class of voters," it is considered that in many cases party spirit, without any ulterior object, is sufficient to cause an extensive use of corrupt practices. The remedies which the committee have considered with reference to these corrupt municipal practices are four in number: first, the adoption of some simple form of procedure for detection and punishment; secondly, the appointment of a public prosecutor; thirdly, the assimilation of the laws relating to corrupt practices at a municipal election, and that relating to the same practices at the Parliamentary election, and the adoption of a procedure by which a member of the council, owing his election to corrupt practices on the part of his agent, should lose his seat; and, fourthly the adoption of secret voting. Upon these points the committee appear to consider the County Court the best available tribunal; they believe the appointment of a public prosecutor a matter of doubtful expediency; they seem to favour the assimilation of the law, which would merely give a right to petition against the seat of a councillor; and lastly, they come to the safe conclusion that the operation of secret voting upon bribery cannot be positively declared until the experiment has been tried. We observe that a contemporary has suggested that an inspector of elections should be appointed, and that proceedings should be taken in the first instance against corrupt voters before the recorders of the various cities and boroughs. We think this suggestion a good one. The unseating of a councillor would have even less effect in purifying a borough than has the unseating of a member of Parliament. If corruption is to be checked the source of the supply must be closed, and the indictment of venial voters, arraigned upon the report of the inspector of elections, would more certainly close it than any petition against the individual elected. We have often had occasion to express our views with regard to the ballot; and here, therefore, we leave the subject of municipal elections. Proceeding to the Parliamentary election we will first examine the view taken by the Judges of THE NATURE OF THE CONTEST. By one or more of the Judges a Parliamentary election has been compared with a race in which qui non legitime certaverit non coronabitur. There could not possibly be a better illustration, for a candidate stands exactly in the position of the owner of a yacht which he is compelled to entrust to the management of others. Mr. Justice Willes observed upon this in the Tamworth Petition, in which he said (20 L. T. Rep. N. S. 182), "If a race were to take place between two vessels for a prize, and the steersman aboard one of those vessels was to thwart his opponent by declining to give way to the vessel that had a right to keep her wind; or if one of the crew hoisted an extra sail not allowed by the rules of the race, and the vessel aboard which that foul play took place was to come in first, the owner could not claim the prize, even by showing that he was away, that he had nothing to do with the misconduct of his servants, or even that he forbade them to be guilty of such conduct; nor could he mend his position by showing that if no such misconduct had taken place, the vessel would, nevertheless, have been sure to come in first." Nothing more need be said on this head. Everyone will for the future more easily understand the conditions upon which a contest must be conducted if it is to be held valid by the Judges. And the next point is that of STATUS. Baron Martin, in the Norwich Petition, 19 L. T. Rep. N. S. 615, was the first to state explicitly in what way the status of a candidate is affected by illegal acts for which he is responsible. But what the learned Judge states is obvious common sense as well as sound law, namely, that if a candidate by himself or his agents be guilty of bribery, he is from that moment incapable of being elected; and that it matters not that nine-tenths of the electors voted for him. The act of bribery incapacitates a candidate from sitting in Parliament. Although there might be, we are not aware that there ever has been, a question whether bribery did not merely destroy the status of the voter, and render the vote of a bribee bad on a scrutiny. Had this idea existed, notwithstanding the terms of the Corrupt Practices Prevention Act, it would have been of the very first importance to lay it down expressly that the status of a candidate is also destroyed, and that a bribed vote cannot be struck off, and the election stand. RELATION OF CANDIDATE AND Agent. We do not intend to confuse this subject with the larger question of what constitutes agency. That most difficult consideration we leave for future discussion. Some doubt appears to have existed at first in the minds of the Judges whether the relation between a candidate and his agent ought to be considered that of principal and agent or of master and servant. Any such doubt, however, was speedily set at rest, and the relation was declared to be that of master and servant. But if there is to be any legislation on this head it may be as well to record here the remarks of Baron Martin in the Westminster Petition: (19 L. T. Rep. N. S. 245.) Referring to the Act making a candidate liable for the bribery of his agent, his Lordship said: "It is a harsh law; it makes a man responsible who has directly forbidden a thing to be done, when that thing is done by a subordinate agent. It is in point of fact, making the relation between a candidate and his agent, the relation of master and servant, and not the relation of principal and agent." This view, it appears, was unanimously arrived at by the judges in consultation; but the operation of the law is to be modified as far as possible, as Baron Martin observes in the same case, by requiring evidence beyond all reasonable doubt that the act of bribery was done, and he adds, "unless the proof is strong and cogent, I should say very strong and very cogent, I ought not to affect the seat of an honest and well-intentioned man by the act of a third person." His Lordship further defines what he should require to induce him to apply the law strictly. "I should require to see, in the first place, that there is agency; in the second place, I should require to be satisfied and certain that there could be no mistake with respect to the alleged act of bribery." A question was put to Mr. Justice Willes in the Westbury case, whether, if an agent acted wilfully and spitefully for his own purposes, the principal would be responsible. There it was a case of intimidation, and it was argued that the person intimidating did not intimidate as agent, but in order to keep out the rival candidate to whom he had personal objections. But it was held that this did not relieve the principal from the consequences of the acts of the agent, and he was unseated by reason of them. The element of personal spite did not take the proceedings out of the ordinary employment of the agent. Therefore the relation of candidate and agent is precisely that of master and servant, and it is difficult to conceive in what way during an election, and for the purposes of the election, an agent could so depart from the ordinary course of his employment as to relieve the candidate from responsibility as regards the validity of the return. (To be continued.) LAND LAW REFORM. themselves, and are admitted to be, the represen original French. We give it in translation: It is clearly understood that between the working class and the middle class there is an irreconcilable antagonism, because such is the necessary consequence of their respective posi tions. That the prosperity of the middle class is incompatible with the well being and the liberty of the labourers, because that exclusive prosperity their labour, and that for the same reason the is not and cannot be based but upon the profits of prosperity and human dignity of the labouring classes as a separate class. Consequently that men require absolutely the abolition of the middle the strife between the working class and the middle class is mortal, and cannot end but by the destruction of the latter. It is this plain speaking that gives significance to a few remarks on Irish Land Law Reform that fell from the MARQUIS OF HARTINGTON at a recent public meeting at Dublin, when, speaking of the audience of the dangers with which the question expected Irish land measure, he warned his would be encompassed. "It is," he said, "not only the property of Irish landlords, it is not only the property of English landlords, it is property of all kinds which will be at stake. For do not suppose for a moment that any discussion will arise next year, or that any measure being enunciated equally hostile, not only to the can be passed, without principles and doctrines interests of landlords, but of capitalists of every description." And with this emphatic warning he entreated his hearers not to make of land law reform a party question-an entreaty in which all who desire reform and dread revolution will heartily join. But almost at the same time Sir JOHN GRAY, M.P., was announcing, amid enthusiastic cheers, a plan of Land Law Reform which would almost satisfy the Congress at Basle, but which must have taken the breath away from the noble marquis. He rejected all half measures. It was idle now to talk of compensation for improvements, or thirty-one years' leases. "Why should we ask for it?" he said, "We want proWe want that the man who is born on the land, we want that the Irishman who gets possession as a tenant farmer, should be allowed to work the land, the sweat of whose brow alone makes it valuable to his landlord, and that no power on earth shall be able to remove him so long as he pays the rent. We ask no thirty-one years' leases. We ask fixity of tenure. We want the man who has laid out the labour on the land rooted to that land, so that nothing but the hand of God should be ever able to remove him." And he stated his plan to be that a tenant should be permitted to make any improvements he pleases without the consent of the owner, and then that he shall be entitled to an extended term at the same rent, according to the value of such improvements, so that, if he improves the property by twenty per cent. he shall be entitled to possession of it for 180 years! As we ventured to anticipate, this question has For it cannot be disguised that there are powerful parties bent upon changes that are subversive of property. PRUDHON'S famous maxim, " Proprieté est vol," is the foundation of the faith of a very large and influential party in the United Kingdom. The representatives of that party are now at Basle, taking part in an International Congress of Labour, at which doctrines have been proclaimed that are not reform but revolution. The delegates of British labour have concurred in an address which carries into practice the principle that "landlords and capitalists must be eliminated from the social organisation;" only that the representatives at the Congress are not content with resolving what ought to be, but they proclaim openly how it is to be done. They have no hesitation about it. The aristocracy and the middle classes are to be destroyed, their property confiscated, and labour only is to be permitted to live and reign. This is not a jest, as the reader may be inclined to suppose, but a deliberate declaration to which the delegates, and among them men who call However veiled under gentle phrases, the actual effect of this scheme is to transfer the property from the present owners to their tenants; to deprive the parties of all liberty of contract; to convert the freehold into something in the nature of copyhold. It would operate in practice thus: The tenant of such a lease would underlet at a higher rent, and so a new race of landlords would be created infinitely more exacting and less improving than the present landlords. If the land continued to rise in value, so there would be a succession of underleases and successive races of landlords until the present evil, if evil it be, will be multiplied tenfold. Although it would be impossible, with justice to the owner of a house or land, to give to the tenant fixity of tenure in it, as is the demand in Ireland, much may be done to improve the legal relationship of the parties. The law could not fairly control contracts deliberately entered into; but the law may justly provide that, in the absence of a written contract, tenancy shall in itself imply certain rights as secured to the tenant. Foremost of these is, that he shall not be turned out at disadvantageous times, as when the crop he had sown was yet uncut; and that he should have a notice to quit of such length as would enable him to make due arrangements for removal. The tenant should also in such case have a legal claim to full compensation for unexhausted improvements, as for dressings and half dressings, land ploughed, seed sown, and such like, to be paid to him by his landlord, who would, of course, be repaid by the incoming tenant. So, likewise, he should receive the value of buildings or other erections, if erected with the landlord's consent, and, if without his consent, where they have really increased the letting value of the premises. To such provisions no serious objection is likely to be raised, for they are entirely consistent with justice. The real difficulty arises upon the question of positive contracts. It would be a startling novelty for the law to prescribe the number of years and the conditions on which the owner of a house or of land shall allow the use of it to another. Freedom of contract is a first principle of political economy; and a law that prescribed to the parties to a private bargain what they shall or shall not agree to, would be a flagrant violation of individual liberty, and almost impossible in a country calling itself free. The law may properly prohibit and declare void covenants in themselves iniquitous or injurious to the State; but in no civilised country has it yet been proposed to dictate to the owners of property the terms on which they shall lend it to others, much less to say, "you shall part with itfor so many years at so much rent, whether you desire to do so or not." the claim for that money is not sustainable in This would seem to be an accurate though a In Burrowes v. Locke, 10 Ves. 470, a similar defence was set up, but the misrepresentation was held by Sir William Grant to be a constructive fraud, although it seemed to have been allowed that there had been an innocent mistake. We are not going to discuss the relative merits of the common law and equity jurisdiction; all that can be desired is that plausible misrepresentations should be punished rapidly, and a It is conceivable that, in certain contingencies, judge is to be congratulated who assumes juristhe State might deem it expedient to deprive diction where there is a doubt, if by so doing certain persons of all or a portion of their And further it is useful to remember the Vicehe secures substantial justice to the parties. property, the public advantage requiring it. But, in such case, an honest Legisla-Chancellor's remarks with reference to the ture would make compensation for the pro- argument that in every case of false pretences a perty so taken. We do not find in any of the suit will be preferred in equity. He said:"No speeches or newspaper articles advocating doubt a party may in such a case be amenable the confiscation of real property any suggestion to the criminal jurisdiction, but that will not for compensation. It would indeed be idle talk, exonerate him from having a bill filed against for the taxpayers would never endure the burden him in this court. it would impose upon them. But it is said by some that the propositions put forth would not diminish the value of the property affected by them. They may readily satisfy themselves if they are right in this. Would they give as much for an estate subject to such a law as for an estate held according to the existing law? Certainly they would not. The bill is rested on the tion of this court, that where on representations ordinary, valuable, and well-established jurisdicwhich a man knows to be false another is induced to advance money, or do some other act, that is a fraud which will be taken cognizance of as within the jurisdiction of a court of equity." LEGAL CUSTOMS IN ENGLAND AND ONE feature about the English Bar is an Resolved, that while we know, as a matter of history, that Mr. Arnold was one of the pioneer members of the Milwaukee Bar, and from the beginning took foremost rank, alike in the court, the legislative hall, and the popular assembly, yet he is particularly endeared to this association, because, in all his professional life, he was a model of professional conduct, and contributed, not merely by his brilliant intellect and polished eloquence, but by his professional honour and admirable professional manner, to elevate the Bar of this city; to produce and preserve its fraternity, and to give to it that desirable reputation for which it has so long been distinguished. And the remarks of Mr. Justice PAINE, bear out our notions of what a splendid collection of educated men like the Bar ought to feel within themselves. Speaking in reply to Mr. RYAN, he said: "I have also had frequent occasion to note how justly Mr. ARNOLD was entitled to the tribute awarded to him by Mr. RYAN, for the influence he exerted in establishing and cherishing the strong fraternal feeling that exists among the members of the Milwaukee Bar. Many who are willing enough to furnish substantial aid when called on, are often, from mere thoughtlessness, apt to neglect those little attentions and observances of respect, that are really of much more importance than they seem. Not so with Mr. ARNOLD. He was always prompt and attentive, either to relieve real wants, or to observe every ceremony of respect, as well for the humblest as the highest member of the Bar-circulating with his own hand subscriptions for the relief of those whom misfortune had overtaken, and performing the last sad offices for those who had passed beyond misfortune's reach. I confess that I had myself never duly appreciated the importance of those observances until I was made to realise how grateful to my own feelings was the knowledge under the leadership of Mr. ARNOLD, had perof the manner in which the Milwaukee Bar, formed those offices for a member of my own family during my absence. The same sad rites that Bar has now performed for him; and, as one of its members, as well as a member of this court, I join in their tribute to his professional memory." PERSONAL DISFRANCHISEMENT. A CORRESPONDENT of a contemporary, writing on the operations of the Bribery Commissioners asks whether it would not be within the range these cases to ascertain, by a thorough examinaof possibility to instruct the commissioners in tion of the electoral roll, who were the corrupt persons in a constituency; and these having been marked and disfranchised, there and elsewhere, for ever, so to purify the constituency by the personal punishment of the guilty? MISREPRESENTATION AND FRAUD IN EQUITY. Ir would appear somewhat singular that it should have been open to question whether a court of equity could or could not give redress in a case where money had been obtained upon representation false to the knowledge of the person making it; but here we find one of those else. If a struggling young advocate expires at remembered that a borough has its behaviour singular refinements which we must all hope to see soon swept away. The case in which the question arose was that of Ramshire v. Bolton, 21 L. T. Rep. N. S. 50, before Vice-Chancellor Malins, and the facts are short. The defendant, desiring to obtain money for his own purposes, negociated bills bearing the names of two persons whom he knew to be unable to meet their engagements, but whom he represented as sol vent. As the Vice-Chancellor said, it amounted to this, that the defendant, being desirous of obtaining money from the plaintiff, made antrue representations that a bill was given for value when he knew it was not; that the whole transaction was bonâ fide, when he knew it was a con cocted scheme. an early age of want and disappointment, he is buried quietly, and the Profession know nothing about it. If old age and domestic difficulties weigh down one who has done his work, he is left to go mad, and be sent to a county asylum. And this is the result of pride on the part of the members of the Bar. They all strive to make a show of progress and competency, and the last thing a man will do is to admit failure. Now America contrasts very favourably with England in this respect; and a strong illustration has recently come to our notice. Mr. ARNOLD, of the Milwaukee Bar, died last June. court, "in accordance with a pious custom, "On the day following" Mr. RYAN stated to the largely due to Mr. ARNOLD'S own influence, the There were two arguments on the question of Bar Association of Milwaukee county met, and jurisdiction. It was urged for the defendant passed the resolutions which I have now the an action ought to be brought to recover the of these resolutions we think worth preserving, that the question was one of pure law, and that honour of submitting to the court." The two first could be instituted in every case of obtaining as evidence of the feeling pervading a portion at money by false pretences. On the other hand any rate of the Profession in America. They it was urged successfully that the element of fraud gave the court jurisdiction. It is rather important at this time that distinctions between innocent and fraudulent misrepresentations should be understood, and the words of the ViceChancellor are these:-" If it were a simple case of borrowing money, although the borrower may say he shall be able to repay, that is still a fraud, because he knew that he could not do so. Yet E. Arnold. money; and that if it were otherwise a suit run thus: Resolved, that the customary forms of respect sincere and sorrowful tributes of the heart, since and condolence become, on the present occasion, many of us, for more than a quarter of a century, have witnessed and enjoyed the social qualities, the courteous demeanour, the manly bearing, and the splendid ab.lities exhibited in the professional career of our deceased president, the Hon. Jonathan This plan would raise up all the objections which are urged against the appointment of a Evidence would be most public prosecutor. difficult to obtain if it were to be directed against particular individuals for the purpose of their political extinction. Moreover, it is to be pretty much in its own hands, and we cannot help thinking that solicitors would find it much more to their advantage to maintain purity than to encourage corruption by being its agents, as they certainly too frequently are. Bridgwater affords evidence that as much remuneration would be attainable without bribery as with. Candidates are rarely inclined to stint their agents when the prospect of a fair election is before them. It would be perfectly vain to exterminate particular voters, against whom the commissioners might happen to obtain evidence; because every one must know that convicted cases form a small proportion of the whole mass of corruption. We recognise as true what the correspondent in question states, namely, that the pure-minded men of the disfranchised borough are rewarded renders them in the eye of the law no less than for their efforts to support their principles by being placed in a position which, by implication, political outlaws. But these are cases in which a private individual must suffer for the benefit of the community. The only plan which we could approve for the would be one which should be efficient to punish purpose of extinguishing the politically corrupt all. There must be a system of detection as nearly perfect as possible. The improbability of ever attaining to such a system makes us doubt whether the punishment of personal disfranchisement could ever work. |