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acres actually amount annual arable land beer British capable census cent CHAPTER clothing coal crowded drawback drink duty emigration England estimate expenditure extent families fish fisheries fishermen gallon give grain Greenock hands Highlands Home Secretary houses human important improvidence income increase Ireland Irish labour landowner less license liquor and tobacco liquor traffic live Loch Katrine look malt manufacturing masses matter millions nation oatmeal occupiers owners of land pauperism pennyworth persons poor population portion pounds sterling poverty present produce proportion public house publican question rent Scotland sent shillings a week Sir Wilfrid Lawson sixpence social society souls spirits square miles suppress surely surface teetotal things thousands tion trade truth twenty United Kingdom upper class vast numbers W. E. GLADSTONE wages Water of Leith water-power wealth whisky whole women workmen
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5 페이지 - The most frequented fishing-grounds are much more prolific of food than the same extent of the richest land. Once in the year an acre of good land, carefully tilled, produces a ton of corn, or two or three cwt.
113 페이지 - England is a well peopled region of the world; and, to as great an extent as Old England, it may be regarded as a manufacturing country, and certainly not a land remaining to be occupied. An emigration from Britain to these States is not a going forth to subdue the wilds of the earth's surface, but to increase the population of large manufacturing centres. " This leads us, however, to notice further, the nationality of the emigrants going from us. Up to 1847, the emigration was from Ireland in a...
112 페이지 - So long as there is inhabitable surface on the earth not yet occupied, it is probable we shall have -emigration. This abstract thought, however, has very little to do with the actual facts of emigration as it now goes on. It is, as we have seen, a great delusion for men to think that our emigrants are going away from us because there is no room for them in their native land. It is a still greater delusion to imagine that it is a relief to those who remain behind to be quit of those who go. If our...
112 페이지 - Kingdom was 2,081 — in 1866, it had risen to 204,882. That is such an increase as may •well arrest the attention of all who feel interested in their country. There were higher years than 1866 ; but these had to do with the gold fever, and need not be taken into account in our present paper. In 1852, for example, the number of emigrants rose to 368,764; but 87,881 of these went to Australia or New Zealand.
5 페이지 - The produce of the sea around our coasts bears a far higher proportion to that of the land than is generally imagined. The most frequented fishing-grounds are much more prolific of food than the same extent of the richest land.
115 페이지 - A pastoral people are the first to emigrate in the course of nature. An agricultural people are the next in order. From a land like this a manufacturing people would never emigrate if matters were right. The climate and mineral store of this country are such that no other country can at present compete with it in manufacturing power, if the natural course of things were followed. Even our shepherds have an immense advantage at home, and our farmers have a still greater advantage, but our manufacturers...
115 페이지 - ... at all on the subject that it is now in England almost exclusively we have excitement in connection with emigration. And we may assuredly calculate that the census of 1871, and far more fully that of 1881, if matters go on as now, will reveal a decrease in the population south of the Tweed. What is the great relation in which these three kingdoms stand to each other and mankind ? Ireland is agricultural and pastoral ; so is Scotland to a great extent; England is the workshop for these and for...
114 페이지 - ... decrease in 1871. In 1851, but more so in 1861, Scotland was found to be affected in a somewhat similar way, though not to the extent of producing an actual decrease in the number of people. Instead of an increase of twelve or thirteen per cent., as was in former decades, there was only one of six per cent, from 1851 to 1861. The rate of increase in England and Wales had not been sensibly affected. Now the chief stream of emigration is flowing from England. In the first or winter quarter of the...
113 페이지 - ... emigrants. The number from 1815 gives a grand total of 6,106,392 persons, and of these no less than 5,044,809 went to North America. Large as the Australian and New Zealand exodus has been, it had reached only 929,181 in 1866; that is, it had not reached one million when the American had gone beyond five. It is important, too, to notice that by far the largest number of our emigrants to America go to the United States. In 1866, those to the t colonies' were 13,255, while to the States they reached...
113 페이지 - It is important, too, to notice that by far the largest number of our emigrants to America go to the United States. In 1866 those to the "colonies" were 13,255, while to the States they reached the high number of 161,000. It is therefore very clear that it is with America we have specially to do in considering the bearings of this vast and growing emigration. The States of America are not now a new country. They begin to have all the characteristics of an old established nation, especially in their...