XXVII. The customary presents for His Majesty the Emperor and other great personages, and the annual "fassak," are regulated on the present footing. No alteration is to be introduced in the manner in which the trade with the factory is carried on. If any alteration therein should be hereafter desired, either on the part of the Japanese or the Netherlanders, it shall be agreed upon and regulated by the Governor of Nagasaki and the Netherlands Commissioner in Japan.

XXVIII. In case it should appear that any matter requires further regulation, it shall be taken into careful consideration by the Governor of Nagasaki and the Netherlands Commissioner in Japan, and all restrictions which are now found to be burthensome by the Netherlanders shall be removed as far as possible.

XXIX. So soon as a Treaty shall have been entered into between the Netherlands and Japan, this Convention shall become void. In case such a Treaty should not be entered into soon, this Convention shall, nevertheless, remain in force, but subject to the ratification both of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands and of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, and the ratifications signed by high officers empowered thereto on both sides, shall be exchanged at Nagasaki within the space of two years from the date hereof.

All the stipulations of this Convention come into immediate operation with the exception of the following Articles:

ART. I. The freedom therein granted comes into operation on the 1st December, 1855, and Articles IX, XII, XIII, XIV, XVIII, XX, and XXVI, come into operation on the 1st January, 1856.

In witness whereof we, Mr. J. H. Donker Curtius, Netherlands Commissioner in Japan, Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, and Plenipotentiary Extraordinary of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands; and Arawo Iwamino Kami, Kawa Moera Tsoesimano Kami, Governors of Nagasaki, and Asano Ikkakf, Imperial Superintendent at Nagasaki, have signed this Convention, and set our seals hereto.

Done in duplicate, in the town of Nagasaki, on the 9th November, in the year of our Lord, 1855.

(L.S.) J. H. DONKER CURTIUS.

TREATY of Commerce between the Netherlands and Japan.Signed at Nagasaki, January 30, 1856.

[Ratifications exchanged at Nagasaki, October 16, 1857.]

THEIR Majesties the King of the Netherlands, Prince of OrangeNassau, Grand Duke of Luxemburg, &c., and the Emperor of Great Japan (Dai Nipon) desiring to confirm the ancient relations between the inhabitants of the two empires, and considering the period favourable for making the privileges granted to the Netherlanders more in accordance with the tenor of those bestowed upon them by the Emperor's illustrious predecessors, have appointed for their respective Plenipotentiaries, that is to say, His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, Master Jan Hendrik Donker Curtius, Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion; and His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Arawo Iwamino Kami, and Kawa Moera Tsoesimano Kami, Governors of Nagasaki, and Nagai Iwamodsio and Asano Ikkakf, Imperial Superintendents; who have agreed as follows:

ART. I. The Netherlanders have full personal freedom, and may therefore leave Desima at all times without an escort, just as they are allowed to do now, upon leave, with an escort.

II. If a Netherlander should at any time transgress any Japanese law, information thereof shall be given to the highest Netherlands officer stationed at Desima, and through his interposition the transgressor shall be punished by the Netherlands Government according to the Netherlands laws.

III. In case any Netherlander should be improperly treated by a Japanese, the matter shall, on complaint by the Netherlands Commissioner in Japan, be inquired into by the Japanese magistrates, and the Japanese shall be punished according to the Japanese law.

IV. In case one or more other ports of the Japanese empire are, or shall be, opened to one or more other nations, exactly the same privileges shall be immediately granted to the Netherlands.

V. Whenever an officer, or other seaman belonging to one of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands ships of war, or any person belonging to the Netherlands land forces, may die in Japan, his funeral shall take place with the military ceremonies used by the Netherlands land and sea forces, and hitherto observed. Volleys may also be fired from small arms at the burial place, as well as on board the Netherlands ships of war, even with great guns.

VI. The Netherlands merchant-ships coming to the port of Nagasaki shall, upon nearing the coast, show a private signal flag in addition to the national flag, as has been the custom hitherto. The ships of war have no private signal flag.

VII. When the two flags are seen by the watch on the Island of Iwo Sima, the Netherlands flag shall be exhibited from the flagstaff there, in token of recognition, just as is usual now also for the ships of war.

VIII. The Netherlands ships of war and merchant vessels shall come to anchor behind the Papenberg, as has been the custom hitherto.

IX. So soon as the Governor of Nagasaki shall have satisfied himself of the nationality of the vessels, by sending off for that pur pose, an officer of the guard accompanied by one of the officers from the Netherlands factory at Desima, the ships shall be at liberty to sail or steam into the harbour, or to have themselves towed therein by Japanese vessels, as has been the custom hitherto, but without giving hostages.

X. The crews of the ships shall be at liberty to use the ships' boats for communication with the other Netherlands ships and with the Island of Desima, or in rowing round the bay for recreation; with this understanding, that the sailors of the Netherlands merchant ships, may only make use of this privilege when a captain or mate is with them in the boats. They shall of course land nowhere else than at the water-gate of Desima, and they must have no intercourse with the crews of Japanese vessels. The boats shall bear the Netherlands flag for the purpose of recognition.

XI. There shall be no landing from the boats at any place than the water-gate of Desima.

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XII. The existing dwellings and warehouses remain. old footing. They may, however, be repaired and altered by the Netherlands factory at its own cost, for which previous notice shall be given to the Governor of Nagasaki, and when he has given permission thereto, the materials purchased, and the workmen's wages shall be paid for in "kambang" money; in like manner for new dwellings and warehouses to be built.

XIII. The Netherlanders residing at Desima are at liberty to go round the bay in Netherlands or Japanese vessels, but without landing anywhere. They may fish from these vessels in the bay for recrea tion. These vessels shall bear the Netherlands flag for the purpose of recognition.

XIV. The keys of the water-gate are in the exclusive keeping of the highest Netherlands officer at Desima. Notice of the opening and shutting of this gate shall be given to one of the Japanese officers at Desima, who shall take care that no Japanese go into Desima by the water-gate unless they have permission to do so.

XV. The keys of the land-gate are in the keeping of the Japanese officer on guard there.

XVI. But the sailors belonging to the Netherlands merchant

ships are, except the commanders, subject to personal search, as has been the custom hitherto, when they go by the land-gate of Desima to Nagasaki, and when they return from thence. At the water-gate and on board the Netherlands ships no search takes place.

XVII. The examination of goods only takes place when they are introduced into Japan from Desima, or when they are brought from Japan to Desima, as has been the custom hitherto, and not at the delivery from the ships to Desima, or at the delivery from Desima on board the ships. The strongest precautions shall be taken against smuggling.

XVIII. During the presence of Netherlands merchant-ships in the port of Nagasaki, while works are going on there, a Japanese officer shall be stationed at Desima, as has been the custom hitherto. XIX. The management of mercantile affairs remains for the rest on the present footing. The keys of the warehouses are always in the keeping of the highest Netherlands officer residing at Desima, whenever Netherlands goods are deposited therein. No Japanese seals are placed upon the warehouses.

XX. All Japanese who have the necessary permission according to the Japanese laws may come to Desima.

XXI. At all meetings that take place at Nagasaki the compliments and the reception by the Japanese are to be according to the Japanese forms, and by the Netherlanders according to the Netherlands forms.

XXII. Whenever opportunities may occur, the Netherlanders residing at Desima shall be at liberty to send letters by the Chinese junks, as well as by the ships of other nations.

XXIII. The Netherlanders shall be at liberty to have free correspondence by letters with the commanders of ships or squadrons of foreign nations at peace with Japan, who are stopping in the bay of Nagasaki.

XXIV. Musterings are to take place only on board the Netherlands merchant-ships on their arrival and departure, and not at Desima.

XXV. The Netherlands merchant-ships shall retain their gunpowder and arms, including their great guns.

XXVI. The customary presents for His Majesty the Emperor and other great personages, and the annual "fassak," are regulated on the present footing. No alteration is to be introduced in the manner in which the trade with the factory is carried on. In case any alteration therein should be hereafter desired, either on the part of the Japanese or the Netherlanders, it shall be agreed upon and regulated by the Governor of Nagasaki and the Netherlands Commissioner in Japan.

XXVII. In case it should appear that any matter requires

another regulation, it shall be taken into careful consideration by the Governor of Nagasaki and the Netherlands Commissioner in Japan, and all restrictions which are now found to be burdensome or needless by the Netherlanders or the Japanese shall be removed as far as possible.

XXVIII. This Treaty shall be subject to the ratification, both of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands and of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, and the ratifications signed by high officers empowered thereto on both sides shall be exchanged at Nagasaki within the space of two years from the date hereof.

All the stipulations of this Convention come meanwhile into immediate operation.

In witness whereof we, Master Jan Hendrik Donker Curtius, Netherlands Commissioner in Japan, Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, and Plenipotentiary Extraordinary of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, and Arawo Iwamino Kami, and Kawa Moera Tsoesimano Kami, Governors of Nagasaki, and Nagai Iwamodsio and Asano Ikkakf, Imperial Superintendents at Nagasaki, have signed these presents and set our seals hereto, with the excep tion of the first-named of the Japanese Plenipotentiaries, who has been prevented from doing so by his departure for Jeddo.

Done in duplicate in the town of Nagasaki on the 30th of January, in the year of our Lord 1856.

(L.S.) J. H. DONKER CURTIUS.

ADDITIONAL ARTICLES to the Treaty of Commerce conciuded January 30, 1856, between the Netherlands and Japan.-Signed at Nagasaki, October 16, 1857.

ADDITIONAL ARTICLES agreed upon between the Netherlands and the Japanese Plenipotentiaries :

Master Jan Hendrik Donker Curtius, Netherlands Commissioner in Japan; and Midsoeno Tsikoegono Kami, Financial Governor and Governor of Nagasaki, Alao Iwamino Kami, Governor of Nagasaki, Iwase Igano Kami, Imperial Superintendent;

In order to form part of the Treaty concluded between the Netherlands and Japan, at Nagasaki, on the 30th January, 1856. ART. I. Trading shall be allowed from henceforth in the ports of Nagasaki and Hakodate.

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