theory and generally applied in practice, both by the voluntary action of the people and in obedience to the command of law. Nearly every State in the Union has statutes to encourage or directly or indirectly to require vaccination, and this is true of most nations in Europe. It is required in nearly all the armies and navies of the world. Vaccination has been compulsory in England since 1854, and the last act upon the subject, passed in 1898, requires every child born in England to be vaccinated within six months of its birth. It is compulsory, or is aided, encouraged, and to some extent compelled, in the other European nations. It is compulsory in but few States and cities in this country, but it is countenanced or promoted in substantially all, and statutes requiring children to be vaccinated in order to attend the public schools have generally been sustained by the courts. While we do not decide and cannot decide that vaccination is a preventative of small-pox, we take judicial notice that this is the common belief of the people of the State, and with this fact as a foundation we hold that the statute in question is a health law, enacted in a reasonable and proper exercise of the police power."

TABLE 32.-SHOWING DEATHS IN NEW JERSEY FROM SMALL-POX FOR TWENTY

Bright's Disease. The mortality caused by this disease varies somewhat from year to year, as the following table shows. The number of deaths from Bright's disease during the year ending December 31st, 1904, per 10,000 inhabitants, was 8.40.

TABLE 33.-SHOWING NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM BRIGHT'S DISEASE IN NEW JERSEY, IN COUNTIES, EXCLUSIVE OF CITIES, AND IN CITIES OF OVER 5,000 INHABITANTS, FOR FIVE YEARS.

Suicide. The deaths from suicide in New Jersey during the year 1904 numbered 330. In 1901 there were 265 deaths recorded from this cause; in 1902, 271, and in 1903, 314.

TABLE 34.—DEATHS IN NEW JERSEY FROM SUICIDE, SHOWING MODE OF DEATH AND AGE AT DEATH, FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1904.

TABLE 35-SHOWING NUMBER OF DEATHS BY SUICIDE RECORDED IN NEW JERSEY, BY CITIES, AND BY COUNTIES, EXCLUSIVE OF CITIES, FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1904.

Notifiable Diseases.-The act approved March 31st, 1887 (paragraph 3 of section 12), authorizes local boards of health to make ordinances to prevent the spread of communicable diseases, and in many localities ordinances have been adopted requiring physicians to report certain diseases. The act approved March 22d, 1895, makes a uniform requirement, extending its provisions to every portion of the State and compelling physicians to report the following diseases: Cholera, yellow fever, typhus fever, leprosy, plague, trichinosis, small-pox, varioloid, enteric (or typhoid) fever, diphtheria, membranous croup, scarlet fever, malaria, tuberculosis (in any of its manifestations), trachoma, hydrophobia, glanders, anthrax and chicken-pox. The penalty for neglect or refusal to report to the local board of health any one of the above-named diseases is a fine of fifty dollars, and the moneys recovered in any suit instituted by a local board of health for the violation of this act are paid to the board for any uses for which it may legally expend money. If for personal or other reasons the local board is unwilling to prosecute offenders, the State board of health will begin actions for the penalty against guilty parties when evidence sufficient to secure a conviction is furnished. In some instances physicians have violated the law by failure to make reports, and afterward claimed that the diagnosis was uncertain and that the true nature of the disease was not recognized, but this defense cannot hold good for many hours in such affections as scarlet fever and diphtheria. If the faith-curers, Eddyites, vibrationists, osteopaths, &c., do not have the knowledge necessary to diagnose or treat infectious diseases, they should certainly pay the penalty for their ignorance.