his march into Spain, retreat, &c., with the date of the battle of Corunna.

20. In the same year a second expedition was sent out,-who commanded it, and what success did it meet with ?

21. Give some account of a formidable expedition which the English sent to the Netherlands this year.

22. Give an account of the proceedings of this English army in the Peninsula, in 1810; and describe the lines of Torres Vedras.

23. Also of the proceedings in 1811; giving an account of the battle of Albuera, and the capture of Ciudad Rodrigo.

24. Also of those in 1812; giving an account of the capture of Badajoz; the battle of Salamanca; the advance to Madrid; the siege of Burgos; and the retreat.

25. In the same year, what calamity befel the French army under Bonaparte?

26. Give a short account of the English peninsular army in 1813. What famous battle was fought in Germany this year?

27. Give an account of Wellington's invasion of France till the battle of Toulouse and the news of Bonaparte's abdication.

28. Bonaparte having returned from exile, a powerful English army went to the Netherlands,-give a short account of the campaign, and of the battle which ended the wars of the French Revolution; giving the date.

29. Who was Tom Paine? Pichegru? Emmett? Sir Sidney Smith ? Sir Ralph Abercromby? Villeneuve? Marmont, Massena, and Soult? Beresford, Picton, and Napier? Castlereagh and Canning?

8. THE REFORMATION. (A.D. 1483-1648.)

1. In what year was Martin Luther born? Write a short account of his parentage; his early history; his religious feelings.

2. Give a short sketch of the condition of the Church as to doctrine and discipline, showing the necessity for a reformation.

3. Give a full account of the transactions which especially opened Luther's eyes to the abuses of the Church. Name the pope at this time, and the emperor of Germany.

4. Give a short account of Luther's theses, and his discussions with

opponents; and state what especial doctrine it was that he so emphatically maintained.

5. Who protected him against the pope and the emperor? Give an account of his troubles, and give instances of his undaunted character.

6. Who was associated with him, and aided him in drawing up the statement of faith called the "Augsburg Confession"? What princes signed this document? Why is it called by this name?

7. Give some particulars of the disagreements between Luther and other reformers; and name any actions of Luther's which gave offence to them.

8. In what year did Luther die? Give a short sketch of his character.

9. Give instances of Luther's power as a reformer; the force and wondrous effects of his writings; and the vast spread of the doctrines of the Reformation.

10. Show the effect which the Reformation had upon the discipline of the Roman Church, by giving a short account of some of the popes from this time.

11. Give a short account of the proceedings at the Council of Trent; stating what doctrines were then first decided to be "Articles of Faith;" and show how this decision is fatal to any union between the Church of Rome and the Reformed Churches.

12. Who was the most illustrious Swiss reformer? In what doctrine did he differ from Luther? What was his end?

13. In what year were the "Institutes of Calvin" published? To whom were they dedicated, and by the reformers of what nations were they accepted as a basis of faith?

14. Mention the names of illustrious French Protestants; and give some account of the "Massacre of St. Bartholomew." At whose instigation was it perpetrated, and in what year ?

15. In what part of France were the reformers most numerous? By what name were they known? What is the "Edict of Nantes"? Give the date of its revocation, and its effects.

16. The Reformation having spread over most of Northern and Central Europe, what famous man set up a counter-reformation, by the establishment of a new religious order? Give a sketch of his life and character.

17. What name was given to the order, and what was their especial

mission? Give an account of their rapid spread; their great power; their missionary zeal.

18. Write some particulars of the war in Germany between the Roman Catholics and Protestants, called "The Thirty Years' War;" and give the dates of the battle of Prague and the battle of Leipsic.

19. What were the terms of the treaty of Westphalia, which ended this long and bloody war? Give the date of it.

20. Who was John Huss? Savonarola? the Waldenses and Albigenses? Erasmus? Tetzel? Carlstadt? Coligni? Henri Quatre? Tilly? Francis Xavier ?

See Lord's "Modern Europe."

9. THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR. (A.D. 1618-1648.)

1. Who was emperor of Germany at the beginning of the Reformation, and what youthful monarch succeeded? Over what other countries in Europe did this emperor also reign?

2. What powerful German prince protected Luther; and what other princes signed the Confession of Augsburg?

3. Who was Maurice of Saxony; and what was the object of the "Treaty of Augsburg," and of the "Peace of Passau"?

4. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, what parts of Germany were Protestant, and what Roman Catholic? In what parts of the continent were religious movements still going on?

5. What countries in Europe had by this time established the Protestant religion, and what countries still maintained Romanism?

6. What was the object of the formation of the “Evangelical Union,” and of the "Catholic League," in Germany?

7. Who was king of England at this time; and which of the German princes had married his daughter?

8. Write a short account of the revolt of Bohemia from the emperor of Austria; the proceedings of Frederic Count Palatine; and of the battle of Prague, giving the date.

9. What German prince now put himself at the head of the Protestant party; and what nobleman did the emperor of Austria appoint commander-in-chief?

10. Give a short sketch of the effects of the war, and the condition of the respective parties at the end of the first ten years.

11. Who was Gustavus Adolphus, who now came to the help of Protestantism? Give some account of his previous life and character. 12. Describe the siege and fall of Magdeburg, with the date.

13. Who commanded the Imperial armies, and where did he come into collision with Gustavus and his Protestant allies? Name, also, the date.

14. Write an account of the celebrated battle which ensued.

15. Name some of the effects of this victory, and state the proceedings of the king of Sweden afterwards.

16. Who was now again chosen by the emperor as commander of his armies, and invested with dictatorial power?

17. Give a short account of the battle of Lützen, with the date. 18. Write a short sketch of the life and character of—

A. Gustavus Adolphus.

B. Wallenstein.

19. Name other important events which took place till the end of the war.

20. What peace ended the Thirty Years' War, and in what year was it made?

21. Give some account of the provisions of this treaty.

22. Who was Maximilian? Pappenheim? Oxenstiern? Christian of Denmark? Cardinal Richelieu ?

See Lord's "Modern Europe."

10. WARS OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION. (A.D. 1700—1713.)

1. On the 1st of Nov. 1700 died Charles II. of Spain-what other countries did he rule over besides Spain? Also, who was then king of England, and who was king of France?

2. As the king had no immediate heirs, what arrangement had been made by Louis XIV. and William III. as to the disposal of his dominions ; and how had the arrangement been received in Europe?

3. When the king died, what was found to be his will?

4. Who then claimed the throne, and what European powers supported him? Upon what grounds was this coalition for support formed? 5. What is meant by the balance of power; and how was it thought to be imperilled by a Bourbon obtaining the crown of Spain?

6. Just as hostilities commenced, who died? Who succeeded him upon the English throne; and who was her famous general?

7. Give a short account of the struggle between the emperor and the elector of Bavaria. In the distress of the former, who boldly marched to his aid, and gained the famous victory of Blenheim? Give a description of this victory, with the date.

8. What places in Spain were taken by England in this and following years; and what place does she still retain? By whom were these conquests made?

9. Describe the great successes of the allied armies, in 1706, in the Netherlands, in Spain, and in Italy. State, also, the terms of peace which Louis XIV. proposed, but which were rejected.

10. State what advantages Louis XIV. gained in 1707; and give a short account of the battle of Almanza.

11. Give a short account of the war during the next three years.

12. Meanwhile, what party changes were taking place in England ? What effect had they upon the conduct of the war, and who was finally dismissed from command?

13. Give a short sketch of the life and character of John, duke of Marlborough.

14. Who negotiated the terms of peace on the part of France and England; and who was Prime Minister of England?

15. Give some particulars of the treaty of Utrecht, with the date of its signature.

16. Who was Turenne? Condé ? Peterborough? Eugène? Prior? Oxford? Bolingbroke? Mrs. Masham ?

See Lord's "Modern Europe."

11. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND BONAPARTE.
(A.D. 1789-1815.)

1. In what year were the States-general in France summoned to meet? For what reason were they summoned? Name the last two kings of France, and the one then on the throne.

2. What was the state of the French nation, socially, politically, morally, religiously?

3. When the assembly met, what were some of their first decisions? Who were then the leading men?