Note. It will be a useful practice for the learner to find the original word, by rejecting the affixes and suffixes. REMARKS ON THE SUBSTITUTION OF ONE LETTER FOR ANOTHER. Many of the country people and of the lower class of Musalmans, and also Hindús in general, except such as have been instructed in the Persian language, cannot pronounce the following letters, viz., ☺, 'ج دس و ,ت ديه and they therefore substitute, .and 8, in the place of the former, as will be observed in the following examples :- is substituted for as in arab for 'arab; ع fasad; for فساد phased for بهساد for, as in جور sat ذات jat for جات and, as in, b, as in — tálab for ↳ tálib; jor for „j zor, z jimád for a zimád, ♫ jálam for zálim; w for ~* and, as in *ث س ظالم samar سمر There is very little difference made even by many of the educated natives between the sound of دس and jandj, and sabir ( is also used صابر sabar for سابر,samar ثمر for in harám for رخ غ kharab for 9 kharáb; gulám for ghulám; and × for で for as harám. Moreover they pro nounce all words of one syllable containing three consonants (with the exception of those words whose middle letter is) as words of two syllables; for example, چرم ,bahs is pronounced as bahas بحث chirm as chiram, Jc 'akl as akal, etc., a practice from which, unless the European ear be duly warned of, much misapprehension would be likely to ensue. (dhol)" read "(dhol).” (khủn)” read “ (khun).” ” کہان“ read ” کهان 11, . تهيلى " read "تَهيلي ”. زير " road " يرك (sharm)" read "(sharm, f.)” 7, omit the word "." 16, for "to wish to fall" read to wish, or to be about to fall." at least" read at last." ”. گیارہ “ read ”کیاره 66 read "فرمائي .". فرمائيي ” معاف “ read ” معاف |