the tanwin (or one of its two marks), as الفرس al farasu, 'the horse;' lil farasi, 'for a horse;' rakhabtul farasa, ‘I rode a horse.' The mark() in the second and third examples is placed over alif to denote that it is silent. In some words the lám (J) becomes silent also, as in عبد الرحيم 'abdurrahim, but in such case the next letter to it must bear the tashdid (~), as shown in the example. MONOSYLLABLES. The syllables arranged in alphabetical order in the following columns are of two kinds: one beginning with a vowel and the other with a consonant. The columns of the right hand side contain the former, and those of the left hand side the latter. The learner's attention is called to the columns No. 1, 2, and 33, in which the pronunciation of each syllable is given in the English character below it, which will facilitate his pronouncing correctly the syllables contained in the other columns; his attention is also invited to the pronunciation of the syllables contained in the right hand side column of No. 1, as the consonant letter in them being hamza (see p. 9) demands the same restraint over the vowel sounds as the other consonants do; that is to say, it |