Milton. A nation extended over vast tracts of land, and umbers of people, arrives in time at the ancient name of kingdom, or modern of empire. Temple. The emperor one day took up a pencil which fell from the hand of Titian, who was then drawing his picture; and, upon the compliment which Titian made him on that occasion, he said, Titian deserves to be served by Cæsar. Dryden. Yet, London, empress of the northern clime, Her beams transmitted to the subject earth: Prior. What are riches, empire, power, But larger means to gratify the will? The steps on which we tread, to rise and reach Our wish. Congreve. The pride of nature would as soon admit Competitors in empire as in wit; Onward they rush at Fame's imperious call, And less than greatest would not be at all. Churchill. I am provoked at the contempt which most historians show for humanity in general: one would think by them that the whole human species consisted but of about 150 people, called and dignified (commonly very undeservedly too) by the titles of emperors, kings, Chesterfield. popes, generals, and ministers. An emperor in his night-cap would not meet with half the respect of an emperor with a crown. Goldsmith. Darwin. Fallen are the trophies of Assyrian power, And Persia's proud dominion is no more; Yea, though to both superior far in fame, Thine empire, Latium, is an empty name. Beattie. The great extent of the Roman empire was one chief canse of that despotism which came at last to prevail in it. Id. EMPEROR, among the ancient Romans, signified a general of an army, who, for someextraordinary success, had been complimented with this appellation. Thus Augustus, having obtained no less than twenty victories, was as often saluted with the title emperor; and Titus was denominated emperor by his army after the reduction of Jerusalem. Afterwards, it came to denominate an absolute monarch or supreme commander of an empire. In this sense Julius Cæsar was called emperor: the same title descended with the dignity to Octavius, Tiberius, and Caligula; and afterwards it became elective. The title emperor does not, and cannot, add any thing to the rights of sovereignty: its effect has only been to give precedence and pre-eminence above other sovereigns. It has been sometimes disputed, if emperors have the power of disposing of the regal title. They have certainly sometimes taken upon them to erect kingdoms: thus Bohemia and Poland are said to have been raised to that diguity: thus also, the emperor Charles II. in 877, gave Provence to Boson, putting the diadem on his head, and decreeing him to be called king, ut more priscorum imperatorum regibns videretur dominari. And the emperor Leopold erected ducal Prussia into a kingdom in favor of the elector of Brandenburg; though several of the kings of Europe refused to acknowledge him in that capacity, until the treaty of Utrecht in 1712. In the east, the title and quality of emperor are reign princes of China, Japan, Mogul, Persia, more frequent than among us: thus, the sove&c., have been called emperors. In 1723 the of all the Russias, and procured himself to be czar of Muscovy assumed the title of emperor recognized as such by the princes and states of Europe. In the west, the title was long restrained to the emperors of Germany. The first who bore it was Charlemagne, who had it conferred upon him by pope Leo III. having indeed had all the power before. The imperial prerogatives were formerly very extensive. close of the Saxon race, A. D. 1024, they exercised the right of conferring ecclesiastical benefices in Germany; of receiving the revenues of them during a vacancy; of succeeding to the effects of intestate ecclesiastics; of confirming or annulling the elections of the popes; of assembling councils, and of appointing them to decide concerning the affairs of the church; of conferring the title of king on their vassals; of At the granting vacant fiefs; of receiving the revenues of the empire; of governing Italy as its proper sovereigns; of erecting free cities, and of establishing fairs in them; of assembling the diets of the empire, and of fixing the time of their duration; of coining money, and conferring the same privilege on the states of the empire; and of administering both high and low justice within the territories of the different states: but in the year 1437 they were reduced to the right of conferring all dignities and titles, except the privilege of being a state of the empire; of preces primariæ, or of appointing once during their reign a dignitary in each chapter or religious house; of granting dispensations with respect to the age of majority; of erecting cities, and conferring the privilege of coining money; of calling the meetings of the diet and presiding in them.. To which some have added, 1. That all the princes and states of Germany were obliged to do them homage, and swear fidelity to them. 2. That they or their generals had a right to command the forces of all the princes of the empire, when united together, &c. The kings of France were anciently also called emperors, at the time when they reigned with their sons, whom they associated to the crown. Thus Hugh Capet, having associated his son Robert, took the title of emperor, Robert that of king; under which titles they are mentioned in the History of the Council of Rheims, by Gerbert, &c. King Robert is also called emperor of the French by Helgau of Fleury. Lewis the Gross, upon assoc.ating his son, did the same. The kings of England had likewise anciently an imperial title, as appears from a charter of king Edgar: Ego Edgarus Anglorum basileus, omniumque regum insularum oceani quæ Britanniam circum acent, &c. imperator et dom.nus. Napoleon Buonaparte, the late emperor of the French, when he assumed that title, in 1804, not only exercised the ancient imperial prerogative of making kings, but obliged the head of the German empire to resign his dignity as Emperor of Germany. See DIET, ELECTOR, and NAPO LEON. genus EMPETRUM, berry-bearing heath. A of the triandria order, and diecia class of plants. Male CAL. tripartite : COR. tripetalous; stamina long; the styles nine: BERRY nine-seeded. Two species, of which the E. nigrum, which bears the crow crake berr es, is a native of Britain.. It grows wild on boggy heaths and mountains. Children sometimes eat the berries; but, when taken in too great quantity, they are apt to occasion a headache. Grouse feed upon them. When boiled with alum, they afford a dark purple dye. Goats are not fond of it. Cows, sheep, and horses, refuse it. EMPH'ASIS, n. s. Fr. emphase; Span. EMPHATIC, adj. and Port. emphasi; EMPHATICAL, Ital. enfasi; Lat. emEMPHATICALLY, adv.) phasis; Gr. Eμpaoic, rom ε, expletive, and paoic, speech. Stress or force of pronunciation, and hence of style or argument. Browne uses emphatically as synonymous with apparently. Oh, that brave Cæsar! Be choaked with such another emphasis. What is delivered of the incurvity of dolphins, must be taken emphatically, not really, but in appearance, when they leap above water, and suddenly shoot down again. Browne. It is commonly granted, that emphatical colours are The poor rich man 's emphatically poor. Cowper Thus vowed she at the hallowed shrine, Emphysema is a light puffy humor, easily yielding to the pressure of the finger, arising again in the instant you take it off. Wiseman. The signs of a gangrene are these: the inflammation loses its redness, and becomes duskish and livid; the tenseness of the skin goes off, and feels to the touch flabby or emphysematous; and vesications, filled with ichor of different colours, spread all over it. Sharp's Surgery. EMPHYSEMA is a windy tumor, generally occasioned by a fracture of the ribs, and formed by the air insinuating itself, by a small wound, between the skin and muscles, into the substance of the cellular or adipose membrane, spreading itself afterwards up to the neck, head, belly, and other parts, much after the manner in which butchers blow up their veal. See MEDICINE. EMPIERCE, v. a. From pierce. To pierce Ran through his mouth with so importune might, Spenser. In the meant mark, advanced his shield atween. EMPIRE, in political geography, a large extent of land, under the jurisdiction or government of an emperor. See EMPEROR. 1. In ancient bistory we read of four great empires, viz. 1. That of the Assyrians, Chaldeans, and Babylonians; 2. of the Medes and Persians; 3. of the Greeks; and 4. of the Romans. The first subsisted from the time of Nimrod, who founded it A.M. 1800, according to the computation of Usher, to Sardanapalus their last king, in 3257, and consequently lasted above 1450 years. The empire of the Medes commenced under Arbaces, A.M. 3257; was united to that of the Babylonians and Persians under Cyrus, A. M. 3468, and ended with the death of Darius Codomannus in 3674. The Grecian empire lasted only during the reign of Alexander the Great, beginning in A.M. 3674, and terminating with the death of this conqueror in 3681, when his conquests were divided among his captains. The Roman empire commenced with Julius Cæsar, when he was made perpetual dictator, in A.U.C. 708, A.M. 3956, and A. D. 48. The seat of the empire was removed to Byzantium by Constantine, A.D. 334, and the east and west were still considered as united under the title of the Roman empire though mostly governed by two different series of emperors, till the total overthrow of the latter under Augustulus, by the Goths, A.D. 476. The Western empire was not revived even in name, till the year 800, when Charles the Great, of France, was proclaimed emperor by the Romans. From this epoch the east and west formed two separate empires; that of the east, governed by Greek emperors, commenced A.D. 802: and, being gradually weakened, terminated under Constantine Palæologus in 1453. The western empire was afterwards known by the appellation of the empire, or German empire. Antiquaries distinguish between the medals of the upper and lower or base empire. The curious only value those of the upper empire, which commences with Cæsar or Augustus, and ends A.D. 260. The lower empire comprehends nearly 1200 years, reckoning down to the destruction of Constantinople in 1453. They usually distinguish two ages, or periods of the lower empire: the first beginning where the upper ends, viz. with Aurelian, and ending with Anastasius, including 200 years; the second heginning with Anastasius, and ending with the Palæologi, which includes 1000 years. EMPIRE, EASTERN. See CONSTANTINOPLE. EMPIRE, WESTERN. See GERMANY, and ROME. EMPIRIC, n. s. Fr. empirique; Ital. EMPIRICISM, Span. and Port. empiEMPIRICAL, adj. rico; from the Gr. εp EMPIRICALLY, adv. Teikos, from prelia, experience. See the article subjoined. The name of Hippocrates was more effectual to persuade such men as Galen, than to move a silly empirick. Hooker. The most sovereign prescription in Galen is but empirick to this preservative. Shakspeare. By fire Of sooty coal, the empirick alchymist Can turn, or holds it possible to turn, Metals of drossiest.ore to perfect gold. Milton. That every plant might receive a name, according unto the diseases it cureth, was the wish of Paracelsus; a way more likely to multiply empiricks than herbalists. Browne. We shall empirically and sensibly deduct the causes of blackness from originals, by which we generally observe things denigrated. Browne's Vulgar Errours. The' illiterate writer, empirick-like applies To each discase unsafe chance remedies; The learned in school, when science first began, Studies with care the anatomy of man. Dryden. Such an aversion and contempt for all manner of innovators, as physicians are apt to have for empiricks, or lawyers for pettifoggers. Swift. No; we waited, till the morbid strength of our boulimia for their physic had exhausted the wellstored dispensary of their empiricism. It is impossible to guess at the term to which our forbearance would have extended. Burke. EMPIRICS, in medical history, are a sect of physicians, who contended that all hypothetical reason.ng respecting the operations of the animal economy was useless, and that observation and experience alone were the foundation of the art of medicine. The origin of this sect is variously stated by different writers of antiquity. The empiric physicians themselves seem to have considered Acron of Agrigentum, a contemporary and rival of Empedocles, in the seventieth olympiad, as their founder; and Pliny has asserted the same opinion, in his sketch of the history of medicine. The best historians refer the establishment of this sect to about the 123rd olympiad ; but they are not agreed as to the individual who first promulgated the doctrine of empiricism. Galen and others have ascribed the origin of the sect to Philinus of Cos, a disciple of Herophilus, to whom he was said to be indebted for the first hints of his system. Celsus, however, asserts, that Serapion was the first who maintained this doctrine. He was born, and practised medicine, at Alexandria, and appears to have been contemporary with Philinus. Observation, record, and the substitution of similar means, were the three fundamental resources of the art of medicine, according to the empirics; and these were denominated by Glaucias, and others, the tripod of medicine (rpines rns iarрikйs). Compared with this species of investigation, how futile are the speculations, misnamed philosophy in the schools, relative to elements, and essences, which had no existence, except in the imagination of the disputants. For it must be observed, that the ancient empirics did not disregard the dictates of reason and reflection; they only deprecated the application of them to circumstances out of the reach of the senses, and beyond the scope of experiment. EMPIS, in zoology, a genus of insects belonging to the order diptera; of which the characters are these: the proboscis is of a horny substance, bivalve, reflexed under the head and breast, and longer than the thorax. EMPLASTER, v. a. & n. s.) Fr. emplâtre; EMPLASTIC, adj. Span. emplastro; Lat. emplastrum; Gr. εμπλаσтρоr, from εμπλάσσω, i. e. ev, and πλάσσω, to form. To cover or hide with plaster: hence, to hide generally; emplastic is viscous; glutinous; like a plaster. All emplasters, applied to the breast, ought to have a hole for the nipples. Wiseman's Surgery. Resin, by its emplastick quality, mixed with oil of Emplastick applications are not sufficient to defend cuse. To terrify and torture them, their tyrannous masters did often emplead, arrest, cast them into prison, and thereby consume them to worse than nothing. Hayward Antiquity thought thunder the immediate voice o. Jupiter, and empleaded them of impiety that referred it to natural casualties. Glanville's Scepsis. Since none the living villains dare emplead, Arraign them in the persons of the dead. Dryden. EMPLEURUM, in botany, a genus of the monccia tetrandria class and order. Male CAL. four-cleft: COR. none: stigma cylindric: CAPS. opening at the side: SEED one, arilled. There is, one species, a shrub of the Cape. EMPLOY', v. a & n.s.` Fr. emploier; Sp. emplear; from Lat. implere, to fill (the time). To occupy; to engage in business or work; used with in, about, upon, and less properly with to; applied both to time, persons, and things: employ, as a substantive, signifies business, public or private; and is synonymous with employment: employable, fit to be, or that may be employed. matter. Jonathan and Jahaziah were employed about this Shakspeare. King Lear. Those profitable agents, whose industry either fitteth them abroad for public employment, or employeth them, after due maturity, in the fit service of the commonwealth. Bp. Hall. Their principal learning was applied to the course of the stars, and the rest was employed in displaying the brave exploits of their princes. Temple. For thrice, at least, in compass of the year, To study nature will thy time employ ; Dryden. The labor of those who felled and framed the timber employed about the plough must be charged on labor. Locke. The proper business of the understanding is not that, which men always employ it to. Id. Labor in the beginning gave a right of property, wherever any one was pleased to employ it was common. upon Boyle. Jesus Christ is furnished with superiour powers to the angels, because he is employed in superiour works, and appointed to be the sovereign Lord of all the visible and invisible worlds. Watts. His high station in the church placed him in the equal to the greatest of these; nor did he reckon any way of great civil employments; his abilities were of them to be above his merit. Robertson. History of Scotland. Time, with all its celerity, moves slowly on to him whose whole employment is to watch its flight. Johnson. The prospect, such as might enchant despair, by poison. Fr. empoisonner; from em and Poison, which see. To kill or destroy Mushrooms cause the incubus, or mare in the stomach, therefore the surfeit of them may suffocate and empoison. Bacon. He is vehemently suspected to have been the poisoner of his wife, thereby to make vacant his bed. Bacon's Henry VII. Leaving no means unattempted of destroying his son, that wicked servant of his undertook to empoison him. Sidney. Even in the peaceful rural vale, With all the servile wretches in the rear, EMPORIÆ, a double city of the Hither Spain part occupied by the Greeks of Phocæa, whence near the Pyrenees: separated by a wall; one originally are the Massilienses; the other by native Spaniards, to whom was added by Augustus a Roman colony. It is now called AMPURIAS; which see. Lat. emporium; Gr εμπόριον, εμπορος, is a merchant, from ev and Eрw, to pass over; to travel. A place of concourse for merchants; a mart for trade. EMPORIUM, n. s. what Id. Lest animosities should obstruct the course of justice, if one of their own number had the distribu And while this tamed emporium we prepare, The British ocean shall such triumphs boast, That those who now disdain our trade to share, Shall rob like pirates on our wealthy coast. Dryden. I take the prosperous estate of this great emporium to be owing to those instances of charity. Atterbury. EMPORIUM, in ancient geography, the name of two cities in Italy, near Placentia; the one well fortified, and guarded by a strong garrison, at which Hannibal met a repulse: the other Hannibal took and plundered. They are now thought to be Ponte Nura; in Placentia. EMPOVERISH, v. a. Fr. empauvre ; Ital. EMPOVERISHER, n.s. empoverire; Span. EMPOVERISHMENT. Sand Port. empobrecer; from Fr. pauvre, which from Lat. pauper, poor. To make poor; depauperate: an empoverisher is one who makes poor, wastes, or deteriorates. Being paid as it is, now some, and then some, it is no great burden unto her, nor any great empoverishment to her coffers. Spenser. State of Ireland. Your's sounds aloud, and tells us you excel Waller. Since they might talk better as they lay together, they empoverished their clothes to enrich their bed, which, for that night, might well scorn the shrine of Venus. Sidney. For sense of honour, if it empoverisheth a man, it is, in his esteem, neither honour nor sense. South. Fresh roses bring, lo strow my bed, 'till the empoverished Spring Confess her want. Prior. All appeals for justice, or appellations for favour or preferment to another country, are so many grievous impoverishments. Swift's View of Ireland. They destroy the weeds and fit the land for aftercrops, being an improver, and not an empoverisher of land. Mortimer. EMPOWER, v. a. From em and power. You are empowered, when you please, to give the final decision of wit. Dryden's Juvenal, Dedication. The government shall be empowered to grant commissions to all Protestants whatsoever. Swift. Does not the same power that enables them to heal, empower them to destroy? Baker on Learning. The duchess of Munster obtained a patent, empowering him [Mr. Wood] to coin 180,000 pounds of halfpence and farthings for the kingdom of Ireland. Johnson. Life of Swift. [James I.] obtained an act by which he was empeacered to summon such as had obtained crown lands during the three last reigns, to produce the rights by which they held them. Robertson. History of Scotland. EMPRISE, R.S. Fr. emprise; an abbreviation of enterprise. undertaking. Hazardous or chivalrous Therefore whylome to knights of great emprise The charge of justice given on trust, That they might execute her judgments wise, And with their might beat down licentious lust, Which proudly did impugn her sentence iust. Spenser. Faerie Queene. Noble minds, of yore, allied were In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. Id. A double conquest must you make, If you atchieve renown by this emprise. Fairfax. Fierce faces threatening wars; Giants of mighty bone, and bold emprise. Milton. Thus, 'till the sun had travelled half the skies, Ambushed we lie, and wait the bold emprise. Pope. EMPTION, n.s. emptio; from the verb emo, emptus, to buy. · The Old Fr. emption; Lat. act of purchasing; or a purchase made. There is a dispute among the lawyers, whether Glaucus his exchanging his golden armour with the brazen one of Tydides, was emption or commutation. Arbuthnot on Coins. EMPTY, v. a. & n. & adj. Sax. æmprig, EMP'TIER, n. s. æmptian,to make EMP'TINEESS. void. To exhaust; evacuate; deprive of contents; to become exhausted or void: an emptier is one who makes any thing or place void; emptiness the state of vacuity. The pit was empty, there was no water in it. Genesis. Seven empty ears blasted with the east wind. Id. Israel is an empty vine. Hosea. The emptiers have emptied them out, and married their vine-branches. Nahum, ii. 2. They beat him, and sent him away empty. Matthew. Heres hore aren shad overtimeliche upon my hed: and the slacke skinne tremblethe of mine empted bodie. Colvile. Himself he frees by secret means unseen, His shackles empty left, himself escaped clean. Spenser. I did never know so full a voice issue from so empty a heart; but the saying is true, the empty vessel makes the greatest sound. Shakspeare. Id. Art thou thus boldened, man, by thy distress, That in civility thou seem'st so empty? Boundless intemperance, In nature is a tyranny: it hath been His coffers sound |