oracle of the god Besa, one of the most ancient in Egypt, and which was still famous in the time, of Constantius. The ruins of the gates are the most beautiful pieces of architecture to be met with in this place. The handsomest has three vaulted entries; the middle one being forty feet high, twenty-two wide, and twenty thick; the other two smaller. Each of the façades of this edifice is ornamented with four pilasters in bas relief, with Corinthian capitals, the acanthus leaves of which have a considerable projection. It was surrounded by eight Corinthian columns, of which only one now remains, but the pedestals of the rest are still entire. Besides these, there are heaps of rubbish in different parts of the town, apparently the remains of ancient temples or palaces. All these seem to have been bordered by a colonnade, forming a portico on each side, where the inhabitants might walk secure from the heat of the sun. One of the squares was ornamented with four large Corinthian pillars, three of which are destroyed all but the bases. The fourth is quite entire, about fifty feet high, and the shaft composed of several stones. The pedestal has a Greek inscription, much defaced, dedicating it to the emperor Alexander Severus, to whom the senate of ALEXANDRIA had already dedicated the famous column mentioned under that article. These four other columns were therefore probably raised in honor of that emperor after his victories over the Persians; for the foliage of the oak, with which the first stone or the shaft is decorated, was a sign of victory among the Romans. Towards the end of the fourth century the city was peopled by Christians; and Palladius assures us that there were at that place twelve convents of virgins, and several others inhabited by monks. In the environs there are still several Coptic monasteries possessed by monks equally miserable and ignorant. The Nubian geographer informs us, that the city was surrounded by a well cultivated country, abounding in fruits and harvests; but these have now given place to sands and barren deserts.

ENFIRE, v. a. From fire. To fire; to set on fire; to kindle. Obsolete.

So hard those heavenly beauties be enfired, As things divine least passions do impress.

ENFOULDRED, adj. From Fr. foudre. Mixed with lightning. Obsolete.

Heart cannot think what courage and what cries, With foul enfouldred smoak and flashing fire, The hell-bred beast threw forth unto the skies. Faerie Queene. ENFRANCHISE, v. a. En and FRANENFRANCHISEMENT, n.s. SCHISE, which see. To set free from slavery, custody, or the disadvantages of being an alien: to invest with the privileges of freedom.

His mistress

Did hold his eyes lockt in her crystal looks. -Belike, that now she hath enfranchised them, Upon some other pawn for fealty.

Shakspeare.

Id.

Never did captive with a freer heart Cast off his chains of bondage, and embrace His golden uncontrouled enfranchisement. Men, forbearing wine, come from drinking healths to a draught at a meal; and, lastly, to discontinue altogether; but if a man have the fortitude and resolution to enfranchise himself at once, that is the best. Bacon's Essays.

But think that death hath now enfranchised thee, Thou hast thy expansion now and liberty. Donne

The English colonies, and some septs of the Irishry, enfranchised by special charters, were admitted to the benefit of the laws. Davies. Romulus was the natural parent of all those people that were the first inhabitants of Rome, or of those that were after incorporated and enfranchised into that name, city, or government. Hale. If they won a battle, prisoners became slaves, and continued so in their generations, unless enfranchised by their masters. Temple.

He that is by charter made denizen of England, is said to be enfranchised; and so is he that is made a citizen of London, or other city, or burgess of any town corporate, because he is made partaker of those liberties that appertain to the corporation. Cowel.

These words have been enfranchised amongst us.

Watts.

Cities gradually acquired wealth, a considerable share of the public taxes was levied on them, the ins habitants grew in estimation, and, being enfranchised by the sovereign, a place in parliament was the consequence of their liberty, and of their importance.

Robertson. History of Scotland. ENFROZEN, particip. From frozen. Congealed with cold. Not used.

Yet to augment the anguish of my smart, Thou hast enfrozen her disdainful breast. That no one drop of pity there doth rest.

Spenser. ENGADINA, a territory of the Grisons among the Alps; extending along the banks of the river Inn, from its source to the Tirolese. It is divided into the Upper and Lower.

ENGADINA, LOWER, has a fertile soil and produces corn and fruits abundantly. It is subdivided into three communities. Černetz is the chief town.

ENGADINA, UPPER, is a beautiful district, but on account of its elevation produces little else but rye and barley, the cold weather setting in early and ending late. Even in summer, the air is often very piercing and the corn much hurt by hoar frost. Hence the Italian proverb, Engadina terra fina, se non fosse la pruina; i. e. Engadina would be a fine country were there no frost.' It is subdivided into two communities. Zuts is the capital.

ENGAGE', v.a.&v.n. } Fr. engager; Ital. ENGAGEMENT', n. s. ingaggiare. En and gage. See GAGE. To bind, or be bound, to fulfil or accomplish certain engagements. Hence to make liable to a debt; pledge or hazard life in a service; unite, attach, employ, induce, or persuade; as well as to encounter, fight: and, as a neuter verb, to conflict; embark or enlist in any affair. Engagement has a similar diversity of application.

I have engaged myself to a dear friend,
Engaged my friend to his mere enemy,
To feed my means.

Shakspeare. Merchant of Venice. The commemorating the death of Christ, is the professing ourselves the disciples of the crucified Saviour; and that engageth us to take up his cross and follow him. Hammond.

This is the greatest engagement not to forfeit an opportunity. Id. Before I engage myself in giving any answer to this objection of inconsumptible lights, I would set the effect certainly averred Digby.

ENGANO ISLE, an island, about thirty miles in circumference, lying off the south-west coast of the Island of Sumatra, in lat. 5° 20′ S., long, 102° 20′ E. The male inhabitants go naked, and are fairer and taller than the Malays: their hair is black, which the men cut short, and the women wear long and turned up. They also wear a piece of plantain leaf round the waist Both men and women wear a ring of cocoa-nut, or leaves, in large holes at their ears. canoes are formed of planks sewed together and have out-rigging and sharp ends. They will hold six or seven men. They always carry lances made of hard wood and about seven feet long not only as weapons, but for the purpose of

Their

striking fish. Some of these are tipped with pieces of bamboo made sharp, and the concave part filled with fish-bones and shark's teeth. Some are armed with pieces of bone made sharp and notched, and others pointed with bits of iron and copper. The soil of the island is for the most part a red clay, and the productions the same as on the coast of Sumatra. No rice has been seen among the inhabitants, nor have cattle or fowls of any kind been observed here. Their houses are circular, raised on posts, floored with planks, and about eight feet in diameter. The Malays are said formerly to have believed that the inhabitants of this island were all females. An expedition was fitted out in 1645 from Batavia, for the purpose of exploring this island; and it brought away sixty or seventy of the inhabitants, male and female. The former died soon after their arrival at Batavia, refusing to eat any other food than cocoa nuts; but the women were tractable and docile. In 1771 a vessel sent by the governor and council of Bencoolen, landed here; but owing to the petty thefts of the natives, and the imprudent conduct of the crew, hostilities soon arose between them which frustrated the purpose of the expedition. Large plantations of cocoa-nut trees were discovered on the shore with several spots of ground cleared for cultivation. Canoes came off to the ship, with cocoanuts, sugar-canes, toddy, and a species of yam. ENGA'OL, v. a. From gaol. To imprison;

to confine.

Within my mouth you have engaoled my tongue, Doubly portcullised with my teeth and lips.

Shakspeare. ENGA'RRISON, v. a. From garrison. To protect by a garrison.

Neptune with a guard doth engarrison her strongly. Howel.

ENGASTRIMYTHI, in Pagan theology, the Pythians, or priestesses of Apollo, who delivered oracles from within, without any action of the mouth or lips. The ancient philosophers, &c., are divided upon the subject of the engastrimythi. Hippocrates mentions it as a disease; others will have it a kind of divination; others attribute it to the possession of an evil spirit; and others to art and mechanism. M. Scottus maintains, that the engastrimythi of the ancients were poets, who, when the priests could not speak, supplied the defect by explaining in verse what Apollo dictated in the cavity of the basin on the sacred tripod.

manner.

ENGEL (J. J.), a German philosopher, whose writings possess the happy art of treating the most abstruse subjects in a clear and popular His Der Philosoph für die Welt, i. e. Philosopher for the World, and his Ideen zu einer Mimik, i. e. Ideas on Dramatic Art, are striking illustrations of this remark. He died in 1799. His works were published together in 12 vols. 8vo, at Leipsic, in 1801.

ENGEN, a town of Baden, once fortified and that has sustained several sieges. In the late revolutionary wars, it was occupied first by Moreau in 1796, at the period of his celebrated retreat; then in March, 1799, by general Jourdan; and again by Moreau in May, 1800, when he defeated the Austrians, in this neighbourhood. It

ENGHEIM, ENGHIEN, or ENGHUIN, a town of the Netherlands, in Hainault; famous for a battle fought near it, commonly called the battle of Steenkirk, between the British under king William III. and the French under marshal Luxemburgh; in which the latter were victorious; and general Mackay, the victor at Killicrankie in 1689, was killed. The great Condé also obtained a victory here; which was the origin of the ducal title which it gives to a prince of the house of Bourbon Condé. palace, park, and gardens. miles south-west of Brussels. 3000.

Here is a noble

Enghien lies fifteen Population about

ENGHIEN (Louis Antoine Henry, duke d'), was born in the year 1772. He was the son of the duke of Bourbon, and grandson of the prince de Condé, of whom Dr. Johnson remarked in his tour to Paris that he was a grandsire at thirty-nine; the fact was, however, still more extraordinary, for (as he was born in 1736) he was a grandfather at thirty-six. This young prince emigrated with his amiable and respectable father in 1789, after the capture of the Bastile, when he was hardly seventeen years of age;

and he served in the army of Condé with the most brilliant reputation, adored by his own soldiers, and respected for his courage, his courtesy, and his conduct, even by the republicans. This army exhibited the singular spectacle of three generations of heroes, fighting with equal courage and almost equal activity in the same field. After seven campaigns the treaty of Luneville put a period to its services. It was disbanded, and, in 1801, when his father and grandfather came to England, the duke d'Enghien retired to the château of Ettenheim, a country residence situated close to the town of that name in Suabia.

An ardent and romantic passion for the princess Charlotte de Rohan-Rochefort, to whom it is supposed he was secretly married, induced the duke to reside at Ettenheim; where his only Occupations were the sports of the field, the embellishment of his little domain, and the occasional society of her who shared and sweetened his exile. So domesticated was this young prince, and so attached to his retirement, that, till the fatal night in which he was dragged from it to assassination, he never quitted it but once, when he made an excursion to visit some of the beautiful scenes of Switzerland; but home was still more beautiful to him, and after a short tour he hastened back to Ettenheim.

For the following sketch of the sequel of this seizure, we are indebted to a spirited article in the Quarterly Review.

'On the night of the 15th of March, 1804, about 12,000 French troops, under the direction of Caulaincourt and the immediate command of generals Ordener and Fririon, crossed the Rhine in two or three divisions, and surrounded the town of Ettenheim and the residence of the prince. The duke had been apprised a day or two before that some design against him was on foot in France. He could not believe it; he was living, in a friendly country, a most peaceable and inoffensive life, under the security of his own innocence, and under the protection of the laws of nature and of nations: he could not believe it; and the assassins found that no kind of precaution had been taken against them.

When the duke heard them surrounding the house, and breaking down the outward gates, he jumped from bed, and he and a footman named Joseph immediately armed themselves with fowling-pieces. The officers and other parts of his family soon joined him. The stairs of the castle were straight and narrow, so that from the first landing-place an obstinate defence might be made against the assailants. The duke, notwithstanding the time of the night, and the suddenness of the attack, preserved the most perfect coolness, and made the ablest dispositions for resistance; his officers and servants were to load the fowling-pieces under cover, while he, alone, at the head of the stairs, successively discharged them, with an effect the more to be relied upon from his being an excellent shot.

'The house was soon surrounded; the assailants broke the lower door, and seemed to be about to ascend the stairs, where some of them would have received the reward of their temerity, when the duke's first gentleman, a baron Grin

stein, threw himself upon him, caught him in his arms, and exclaiming, that all resistance was vain, dragged him into a room which opened upon the head of the stairs. The assailants seized the opportunity; they rushed forward, and the duke, still palsied by the prudent care of Grinstein, was, with all the other persons in the room, made prisoner. It has never, to this hour, been ascertained whether the baron was actuated by a criminal motive; the fact of his interference is all we can vouch for; the duke would certainly have been finally overpowered, and one cannot help wishing, on the first impression, that he had had the satisfaction of dying amidst his dying enemies with his arms in his hand; but Providence ordained for him a still nobler fate and fraught with a nobler lesson. Had he died in that midnight scuffle, the atrocity of Buonaparte might have been doubted; the cool heroic devotion of the young and gallant victim would not have been tried and proved; the deep and lasting indignation of Europe would not have been excite; and the retributive justice of heaven, in the fate of Murat and Buonaparte, would have wanted its highest effect, its most exemplary vindication.

"When the French entered the room, their first question was, Which of you is the duke d'Enghien? no answer was made; none of the prisoners were more than half dressed, except Grinstein, who it seems had gone to bed that night without taking off his clothes. Seeing him completely dressed, while the others were nearly as they had sprung out of bed, the French fancied, or pretended to fancy, that he was the duke. If he had had the honesty and presence of mind to say, I am the duke, he would have been carried to Strasburgh :-probably no harm would have happened to him, and the prince might have been saved. Grinstein, however, though he received a hint to this effect, was silent; and the French marched the whole party out of Ettenheim. The town was by this time in a state of consternation, and the princess Charlotte de Rohan alarmed at the noise, having risen and run to a window, saw, but it is supposed without recognising him, the duke dragged past her house, with no other covering but a waistcoat and loose trowsers, and a pair of slippers.

At a little distance from Ettenheim, they halted at a mill where was the burgomaster of the town, whether it was he or the duke's secretary (who had followed his master and begged to be allowed to share his fate) who pointed out the duke to his guards, is doubtful, but he was now known. He asked to be allowed to send his valet back for linen, clothes and money,

it was granted,-on the servant's return, he dressed himself, and they proceeded. They passed the Rhine between Cappell and Reinau, at which latter place there were carriages waiting for them. The French wanted to place Grinstein in the duke's carriage, but he refused to be so accompanied; and insisted upon having the brave and faithful servant who had endeavoured to assist him in the defence of the house. their arrival at Strasburg, the prisoners were confined in the citadel. and it would seem that the

On

jailers had not yet final orders as to the disposal of the duke; probably Caulaincourt had not returned from Offenbourg, whence he had directed the operation. The prince was, however, respectfully treated that day; but in the middle of the night his bed was surrounded by gendarmes, who forced him to rise and dress himself with all haste, as he was about to go a journey. He asked for the attendance of the faithful Joseph: he was told he would not need it. He asked to take some linen: he was answered that two shirts would suffice. This sufficiently explained to him his intended fate. He distributed to his attendants, who had now assembled round him, all the money he had, except one rouleau, and a few loose pieces of gold and silver; and, after he had affectionately taken leave of them, they were excluded from the apartinent; but they heard for some minutes the noise of the preparation for departure, and amongst the rest the clank of the chains with which they had the needless barbarity and insolence to confine his arms.

'He was five days and five nights on the road. during the whole of which time he was confined to his carriage, and almost without food. At the ordinary rate of travelling he might have reached Paris in seventy hours; so that some precautions must have been taken that he should arrive in the evening. It was about half-past five in the evening of the 20th of March that the young prince arrived at the castle of Vincennes, when he was delivered into the hands of the governor, who, at first, as well as the other persons, was ignorant who he was. By one of those slight incidents, which sometimes add an interest to a scene already deeply important, it happened that the wife of the governor was the daughter of the duke's nurse, and she recognised her fosterbrother; overwhelmed with sorrow and consternation, she hard yet the presence of mind not to betray herself, and retired, unobserved, except by her husband, to give vent to the emotions of terror and grief, and to endeavour to consider how she could be of use to the urhappy prince. The name of the royal prisoner was however soon whispered, and, as he complained of hunger and fatigue, all the inhabitants of the castle, even the officers and men of the regiment in garrison there (s'empressèrent), vied with each other in showing him attention. This alarmed the persons to whom the direction of the crime was committed; the regiment was immediately ordered under arms, and marched off to the heights of Belle Ville, where it bivouaqued for that night.

'In the meanwhile, a mock tribunal assembled in one of the rooms of the castle. We devote to the scorn and detestation of posterity these bloody and cowardly assassins. They were General Hulin, President. Colonel Bazancourt.

Colonel Barrois.

Colonel Guiton.

Colonel Ravier.

Colonel Rabbe.

Captain D'Autancourt, Judge Advocate.
Captain Molin, Secretary.

All,' says the sentence, named by the general in chief, Murat, governor of Paris.'

"The members of this court had received the notice to attend not more than an hour before the appointed time, and they did not, with the exception of the president, know for what purpose they were summoned. Nor was it necessary they should; the sentence was ready drawn before they arrived, and the grave was actually dug before the court was assembled! Worn out with fatigue, the victim was asleep on a soldier's bed on the floor of his dungeon, when he was called to attend the court. He was awakened with great difficulty, and he entreated to be allowed to sleep again; but, as soon as he was made to understand that his hour was come, he shook off his fatigue, and prepared with a dignified alacrity for the last scene of his agony. He was introduced into the room where the court was sitting. He was asked his name: he told it. He was asked whether he had not borne arms against France: he answered that he had served the king; but when they were about to propose some other questions, he said he supposed he had told enough for their purpose, and that he would answer no more. He was then led away, and Hulin produced the sentence ready drawn up, and laid it before the astonished members for their signature. The whole scene had been so sudden-their ignorance of what they came for-of whom they were to try-the name of the young victim, which fell like a thunderbolt amongst them; all contributed to disorder their minds, and the ferocious threats of Hulin, the organ of Buonaparte and Murat, the latter of whom was present in the castle to execute them, overwhelmed their consciences, and they signed the fatal paper. We do not pretend to excuse their meanness, but we know that some of them set no bounds to their self-reproaches, and to the remorse with which they recollected that terrible scene. The bloody Hulin said, with atrocious sang froid, if the prince had not told us his name we should have been prettily puzzled what to do, as there was no one who could identify him.' This wretch was soon after, as the price of blood, rewarded with the office of governor of Paris, vacated by Murat's promotion to an imperial principality. In this pretended trial no witnesses were produced, nor any evidence but some papers, which are stated in the sentence to have been secretly read to the court before the prisoner was introduced.

'The moment the sentence was signed, the duke was led down to death. The night was pitch dark; the executioners could not see their victim, nor their own leaders, nor one another. The duke asked for a priest, it was refused ;-he then knelt down near a square stone which happened to be there, crossed his arms, bent his head, and was for a few moments absorbed in devotion. He then requested that a lock of his hair, which he had cut off and folded up, might be delivered to the princess de Rohan-no answer being made, he exclaimed, 'Is there no French soldier who will perform this last office to a dying comrade? One of the guard cried, I will; he received the little parcel; but neither that nor the generous soldier was ever heard of

more.